The ENERGIEWENDE The Transformation of the German Energy System RENAC, 30 October 2017 Renewables Academy
Policy and guiding principles of the Energiewende Secure and reliable of energy supply Affordable and cost effective energy supply Environmentally sound energy supply Affordability, reliability and environmental protection are interlinked and the ultimate objectives of the Energiewende and German energy policy. Source: RENAC
What is the Energiewende? The Energiewende is a technological shift away from fossil and nuclear energy towards renewables and energy efficiency. The Energiewende is a fundamental transformation of the energy system and re-alignment of energy policy. The Energiewende is an inter-generational long-term process with a time horizon until 2050 and beyond. The Energiewende is a public discourse about the future of energy supply. The Energiewende is a long-term strategy based on public acceptance.
What is the Energiewende? Energy efficiency Renewable heat and power Mobility EU International relations Social issues, public acceptance Electricity market reform Nuclear waste storage Households + consumers Agriculture Conventional power plants Grid upgrade Storage Finance and investors Technology, Research, IT The Energiewende is multidimensional and affects many interconnected areas. Source: RENAC
Reasons for the Energiewende Reduce carbon emissions and reach climate protection targets Reduce dependency on energy imports Phase-out nuclear power generation Development of new technologies as new sources of growth and employment Energy policy can be both sustainable and economically successful The Energiewende is a long-term strategy based on public acceptance.
Pillars and action fields of the Energiewende Efficiency first Direct use of renewables Sector coupling Market and system integration Supporting fields of action Energy research and development European energy and climate policy Efficiency first, the direct use of renewables, and sector coupling form the energy transition triad. Source: BMWi
Final electricity generation in TWh The Energiewende started decades ago: Milestones 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 19 1990: PV programme 1.000 Roofs 1991: Electricity Feed-In Law 36 39 2000: First EEG 45 46 57 2011: Energiewende package, nuclear phase out 2010: Energy Concept 63 72 88 2014+2016: 2017: EEG Amendment Auctions 161 142 151 93 95 104 123 187 188 Geothermal Biomass Photovoltaics Wind (onshore) Wind (offshore) Hydro 0 Continuously developed policy support has fostered steady growth of renewables in Germany. Source: AGEB 2017, AGEE-Stat 2017
8 Targets of the Energiewende until 2050 2016 2020 2030 2040 2050 Climate % greenhouse gas reduction (vs. 1990) -27,6 % -40 % -55% -70% -80-95% % gross final energy consumption 14,9% 18% 30% 45% 60% Renewable energy Energy efficiency % gross electricity consumption 31,6 % Min 35% Min 50% Min. 65% Min 80% Share in heat consumption 13,2% 14% Share in Transport sector 5,2% 10% (EU) % primary energy consumption (vs. 2008) -7% -20% -50% Final energy productivity (2008-2014) 1,3% p.a.* 2,1% per year (2008-2050) Gross electricity consumption (vs. 2008) -4,0 % -10% -25% Primary energy demand (buildings) (2008) -15,9% - 80 % Heat demand (buildings) (vs. 2008) -11,1%* -20% Transport Final energy consumption in transport (vs. 2008) Number of Electric vehicles (incl. hybrids) -1,3%* -10% -40% 196.000 1 million 6 million * 2015 data The energy transition follows a transparent, long-term strategy with specific targets. Sources: BMUB 2016, AGEE-Stat 2016, UBA 2017, BMWi 2016
Benefits of the Energiewende The energy transition has numerous positive effects on various levels. Source: BMWi 2014, ERGO Kommunikation
Benefits - Job creation Jobs in the German renewable energy sector 2015 Wind energy: 142,900 Total 2015: 330,000 jobs Photovoltaic: 31,600 Biomass: 45,400 Total 2015: 330,000 Biogas: 45,000 Biofuels: 22,800 Geothermal: 17,300 Hydropower: 6,700 Solar thermal + CSP: 10,600 Research+ Administration: 7,700 The renewable energy sector employed 330 000 people in 2015. Data source: DLR/DIW/GWS 2016
Benefits - Investments Investments in German renewable energy sector in 2016 Total 2016: 14,2 billion Wind energy (on and offshore): 9.4 bn. Total 2016: 14,2 billion Biomass (heat and power): 1.7 bn. Photovoltaic: 1.6 bn. Geothermal: 1.1 bn. Solar thermal + CSP: 0,8 bn. Hydropower: 0.3 bn. Investments in renewable energy installations amounted to over 14 billion in 2016. Source: AGEE-Stat /UBA 2017
Benefits - reduce costs of energy imports 40 Saved energy imports in billion 35 30 25 20 6,6 7,1 10,0 9,1 8,8 8,8 15 10 5 18,6 24,0 26,0 25,1 22,2 16,3 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Saved energy imports -ENERGY EFFICIENCY Saved energy imports - RENEWABLES Renewable sources of energy saved 8,8 billion in 2015. Data source: DLR/DIW/GWS 2016
Benefits increase energy independence 120 100 94,1 Import dependence (%) 98,0 100,0 90,6 80 70,4 60 40 % 20 0-20 Hard coal Lignite Mineral Oil Natural Gas Nuclear energy Total Net -1,9 import dependence German import dependency in 2016 in total amounted to 70%. Renewable energy is domestic energy. Source: AGEB 2017, BMWi 2017
14 PV What is the global status? 350 300 Cumulated global PV capacity (in GWp) 303,0 Leading countries (cumulative capacity end 2016 in GWp): 250 200 150 100 50 0 229,3 178,0 138,9 100,5 70,5 40,3 6,6 9,2 15,8 23,2 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 China: 78.1 GW (2016) Japan: 42.8 GW (2016) Germany: 41.2 GW (2016) United States: 40.3 GW (2016) Italy: 19.3 GW (2016) United Kingdom: 11.6 GW (2016) India: 9.5 GW (2016) France: 7.1 GW (2016) Australia: 5.9 GW (2016) Spain: 5.5 GW (2015) Global Cumulated PV capacity grew to 303 GW over the past decade. Sources: IEA PVPS 2017, SPE/EPIA 2016, EurObserv ER 2016, MNRE 2017 (India)
15 PV - The solar resource Solar radiation in Germany Solar radiation in India Yearly sum of global horizontal irradiation (GHI) in kwh/m 2 If it works in Germany, it can work in countries with better climatic conditions! Source: GHI Solar Map 2016 Solargis
16 Wind energy What is the global status? 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Global cumulative installed wind capacity (GW) 487 433 370 319 284 238 198 159 121 94 74 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Top 10 countries (cumulative capacity Dec 2016): PR China: USA: Germany: India: Spain: United Kingdom: France: Canada: Brazil: Italy: Rest of World 168.69 GW 82,18 GW 50.01 GW 28.70 GW 23.07 GW 14.54 GW 12.06 GW 11.90 GW 10.74 GW 9.25 GW 75,57 GW There is a constant growth of global wind power generation capacity. China is by far the largest user of wind energy. Source: GWEC 2017, end 2016
20 Renewables the global picture: investments 2016 USA $ 46.4 bn. UK $ 24 bn. Germany $ 13.2 bn. China $ 78.3 bn. Mexico $ 4.0 bn. (2015) Chile $ 3.4 bn. (2015) Brazil $ 6.8 bn. South Africa $ 4.5 bn. (2015) India $ 9.7 bn. Total global investment in 2016 $ 241 bn. Japan $ 14.4 bn. We can observe massive investments in renewables around the world in 2016. Source: BNEF/FS/UNEP 2017
18 International reactions to the Energiewende Supporters Interested observers Sceptics, critics Germany as forerunner Costs will pay off Energiewende will ensure competitiveness, energy autonomy and energy security The Energiewende is a model to copy Huge interest in German experience Not sure about the impacts Wish for knowledge transfer High risks High costs Grid stability? Luxury project Germany is isolated Nuclear phase-out only a reaction to Fukushima The Energiewende is internationally observed and triggers different reactions. Source: Compilation RENAC
Information brochure: Who is Who of the Energiewende Brochure Download Website https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de http://energiewende.diplo.de/home/ The Foreign Office has published an information brochure, including profiles and contacts of major actors of the Energiewende in Germany. Now also Online. Source: Foreign Office 2016
BMWi Website Information by BMWi about all aspects related to the energy transition Partially in English www.bmwi.de Source: BMWi
Clean Energy Wire Information by Clean Energy Wire for media and journalists about all aspects of the energy transition News, Fact Sheets, Dossiers All in English www.cleanenergywire.org Source: Clean Energy Wire
Energy Transition Overview of the energy transition provided by Heinrich Böll Foundation Available in English, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French, Japanese, Russian, Polish, http://energytransition.de Source: Energy Transition
Thank you! Renewables Academy (RENAC) Schönhauser Allee 10-11 D-10119 Berlin Tel: +49 30 52 689 58-71 Fax: +49 30 52 689 58-99 info@renac.de
CO-BENEFITS - Rationale & Objectives Mobilizing the multiple benefits of renewable energies in INDIA, Vietnam, South Africa, Turkey for supporting effective NDC implementation and ambitious NDC reformulation by fostering new political coalitions for ambitious climate / renewable energy policies on the basis of sound knowledge on relevant co-benefits of renewable energies and capacity building among relevant ministries and public policy agencies
CO-BENEFITS Target countries (2017-2020) Need for action: growing energy demand, need for new power capacities, risk of path dependencies, lock-in Opportunity: open for RE, ambitious plans and INDCs Strategic networks: exiting partners, and implemented projects Turkey India Vietnam South Africa China in prep.
CO-BENEFITS What are Co-Benefits of RE? Benefit: Climate protection Economic Environmental Social Political / Institutional Reduce GHG emissions Energy security Protect resources Enhance energy access Contribute to political stability Enhance resilience to climate change Trigger private investment Protect biodiversity Reduce poverty and inequality Improve democratic quality of governance Improve economic performance Support ecosystem services Contribute to food and water security Contribute to interregional collaboration Stimulate technological change Improve soil quality Improve health Generate Employment Contribute to fiscal sustainability Reduce air pollution Reduce stressors (noise, traffic, congestion) Increase participation and public acceptance Source: IASS 2017, IPCC
CO-BENEFITS: Cooperation with partner countries Key Knowledge Partners TERI & CPR Political Partnership Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) Knowledge Partner Co-Benefit Assessments