Joint Research Centre activities in the field of Renewable Energy Mapping & Monitoring Fabio Monforti-Ferrario European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute for Energy and Transport Renewable Energy Unit Workshop on International Cooperation in the field of Bioenergy October 22 nd 23 rd, Moscow, Russian Federation 8 November 2013 1
Who are we? Institute for Energy and Transport 1 of the 7 scientific institutes of the JRC JRC: the European Commission's in-house science service As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, the JRC provides customer driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of European Union policies. Our mission: provide support to Community policies and technology innovation to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production, distribution and use and to foster sustainable and efficient transport in Europe Main activities: Renewable energies Sustainable & safe nuclear energy Energy techno/economic assessment Hydrogen and fuel cells Clean fossil fuel Energy efficiency Security of energy supply Sustainable transport 2
What do we do? REU scientific strategy Policy Area: Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy JRC Response: EC Energy Efficiency Office Policies for buildings, products and cities Mapping and Monitoring Resource assessment and Implementation Standards and Innovation on PV PV Reference Laboratory PV Systems evaluation and PV Status
Renewable Energy Mapping & Monitoring in Europe and Africa Activities Monitor the implementation of the RES Directive 2009/28/EC Support Commission evaluation process for Member State reports Assess resource use and potential: biomass, biofuels, solar, wind, geothermal Technology assessment Engage in the EU-Africa Energy Partnership
Energy and Climate Challenges Keep global warming below 2 C, in comparison with 1990 reduce GHG emissions by 20% by 2020 reduce GHG emissionsby 80 to 95% by 2050 The 2020 targets: decrease energy consumption by 20% increase the share of renewables to 20% 10% renewable energy in transport Low-carbon economy by 2050 Several decarbonisation scenarios for the period until 2050 Energy Roadmap 2050 EU 80% dependent on fossil fuels A critical challenge: from 80% dependency on fossil fuels to 80% reduction in GHG emissions in 40 years
NREAP analysis - renewable energy 250 RES 2020 target level: ~ 250 Mtoe Bioenergy contribution: ~ 140 Mtoe Renewable final energy consumption in the EU Final renewable energy consumption in 2005 biofuels 3.1% hydro 29.7% 200 geothermal 0.5% Mtoe 150 100 biomass 59.3% heat pumps 0.5% w ind 6.0% solar 0.8% 50 Final renewable energy consumption in 2020 biofuels 12.1% 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 hydro geothermal solar tide, wave, ocean wind heat pumps biomass biofuels biomass 45.1% hydro 13.0% geotherma 1.1% solar 6.2% heat pumps 4.8% w ind 17.4% tide, w ave, ocean 0.2%
NREAPs - Some examples Renewable final energy consumption in Germany Renewable final energy consumption in Italy 40 25 35 30 20 Mtoe 25 20 15 Mtoe 15 10 10 5 5 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 hydro geothermal heat pumps solar tide, w ave, ocean w ind biomass biofuels 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 hydro geothermal heat pumps solar tide, w ave, ocean w ind biomass biofuels Renewable final energy consumption in France Renewable final energy consumption in the UK 40 25 35 30 20 Mtoe 25 20 Mtoe 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 hydro geothermal heat pumps solar tide, w ave, ocean w ind biomass biofuels 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 hydro geothermal heat pumps solar tide, w ave, ocean w ind biomass biofuels
NREAPs Biomass domestic supply expected bioenergy production solid biomass, biogas, bioliquids conversion technologies domestic supply and import feedstock mix Mtoe 130 120 110 100 -better mobilisation -energy crops -imports from abroad 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Biomass domestic supply (EU27 NREAPs) 2006 2015 2020 direct wood indirect wood crops by-products MSW industrial waste sewage sludge total Is there enough biomass to reach these targets?
Monitoring of RES development -country and EU-wide analyses Sectoral analysis of bioenergy development RES and bioenergy targets and perspectives Assessing biomass demand vs. potential 9
GIS-based assessment of biomass resources Because Renewable Energies sources are mostly SPARSE and/or IRREGULAR, a careful potential evaluation should be geographically based. Statistical databases (regional level) agricultural crops: area, yield, production forest data: forest area, growing stock, annual increment land use Spatial datasets CORINE Land Cover 2000 forest map soil maps terrain map road map Geographical Information System (GIS) JRC maintains very good and reputed spatial data on: Agriculture, Forest, Land Use, Soil, Transport infrastructures. All this data are valuable for an integrated biomass assessment potential covering the whole EU.
GIS-based assessment of forest biomass in the EU Environmental constraints Sustainable forest management harvesting level below annual increment Nutrients balance in forests always leave foliage in the forest adapt the residue extraction rate to soil nutrient balance Soil protection against erosion adapt extraction rate to terrain elevation, slope never extract the roots Biodiversity protection maintain protected areas, riparian areas maintain deadwood Technical constraints Infrastructure accessibility - roads Accessibility due to topography elevation, slope 8 November 2013 11
Spatial distribution of forest biomass Corine Land Cover (EEA) Pan-European Forest Type - JRC Legend forest biomass m³/ ha year Value High : 25 Low : 0 Protected areas - NATURA 2000 Slope gradient map Digital Elevation Model Roads in Europe Tele Atlas 8 November 2013 12
GIS-based assessment of EU crop residues Straw production Collectable straw Straw available for energy Straw density Actual production crop production, area and yields residue to yield ratios Environmental constraints organic matter content sensitivity to erosion >> sustainable removal rates Competitive use Straw available for energy production Suitability map for localization power plants Main areas with important available straw resources
Localization of straw-based power plants Optimized allocation 808 plants 100 kt straw/year 81.7% straw used Randomized allocation 834-852 plants - 100kt straw/year 84.4 86% straw used Looks for the most dense straw areas and exploits them in decreasing density order Randomly chosen points where there is enough straw to set up a plant
Sustainability of residues collection -soil carbon preservation Collection standard 2010-2020 Collection standard 2010-2050
Sustainability of residues collection -soil carbon preservation Submitted to RSER, November 2013
Land use for bioenergy 3.5 Land requirements for bioenergy production in the EU in 2020 assessment based on the NREAPs projections (E, H&C and biofuels) availability of domestic biomass from forestry, agriculture and waste additional import of biomass availability of 2 generation biofuels and bioliquids domestic and imported biofuels and bioliquids Mha 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK EU Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenarios 1. NREAPs reference scenario 2. Additional import of biofuels scenario 3. No 2 nd generation biofuels scenario 4. Reduced import of biofuels scenario % 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% Share of land requirements of bioenergy production of utilised agricultural land in 2020 15% 10% 5% 0% AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK EU Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 8 November 2013 17
Renewable energies in Africa
Renewable energies in Africa Assessing potentials Understanding opportunities Guiding choices Assessing resources Social & economic data Technology comparison Ranking options First Report: Renewable energies in Africa Second report: Renewable energies in the changing Africa. Assessing climate and non-climate effects for next decades 19
Opportunities for renewables in Africa.. Photo Voltaic Solar electricity potential Technology Comparison: Solar PV vs. Diesel A continental vision for different solutions Source: Szabó,S.; Bódis,K.; Huld, T. 2012 20
. In a fast changing environment. The kwh electricity cost using the 2010 PV module cost data The kwh electricity cost using the 21 2012 PV module cost data
Danube Bioenergy Nexus The 'Danube Bioenergy Nexus' flagship cluster will address the challenges of energy production in the Danube Region. The flagship cluster will cover the following issues in the Danube River Basin: mapping potential for bioenergy development assessment of relevant technological options assessment of bioenergy impacts on: agriculture, climate change, biodiversity
Scientific/Technical Networking Extending RES sustainability criteria to solid and gaseous biomass, The Hague, Uppsala, Toronto, 2012 - JRC, IEA, INAS, NL Agency Agro-environmental impact of biofuels and bioenergy (EUROCLIMA), UNICAMP/CTBE Campinas, Brazil, 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels and bioenergy (EUROCLIMA), INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2011. The effects of increased demand for biofuel feedstocks on the world agricultural markets and areas, Ispra, 2010. Review and inter-comparison of modelling land use change effects of bioenergy, OECD/EEA, Paris, 2009. Direct and indirect impact of biofuel policies on tropical deforestation in Malaysia, MPOC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2008. Sustainable Bioenergy Cropping Systems for the Mediterranean, Madrid 2006 - JRC, EEA, CENER, CIEMAT. Cereal straw resources for bioenergy in the European Union, 2006, Pamplona,- CENER. Cereals straw and agricultural residues for bioenergy in New Member States and Candidate Countries, 2007, - Novi Sad. Biomass resource assessment for biofuels/bioenergy and competition with other biomass uses, Eberswalde University/EEA, Eberswalde, Germany, 2009. SRF, SRC and Energy Grass in the European Union: Agroenvironmental component, present use and perspectives, 2007, Harpenden -EEA, Rothamsted. EU Forest-based biomass for energy: cost supply relations and constraints, Metla/EFI, 2007, Joensuu
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