Solar Thermal Market in Germany Status Quo Berlin, 17. February 2013 Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar)
German Solar Industry Association 2 TASK To represent the German solar industry in the solar thermal and photovoltaic sector VISION A global sustainable energy supply provided by solar (renewable) energy ACTIVITIES Lobbying, political advice, public relations, market observation, standardization EXPERIENCE Active in the solar energy sector since more than 25 years MEMBERS More than 850 solar producers, suppliers, wholesalers, installers and other companies active in the solar business HEADQUARTERS Berlin BSW-Solar
Global Perspective: Potential of Solar Thermal applications until 2050 3 8000 GWth 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Unglazed collectors water heating Solar hot water and space heating (buildings) Solar process heat medium temp (CSP) Solar proces heat low temp (flate plate) source: IEA 2011 SHC Roadmap, preliminary findings BSW-Solar
Solar thermal technology heating & cooling with the sun 4 10/03/2009 BSW-Solar Image: Sun-Pro
Status of the Use of Solar Thermal Energy Main in use in Europe: solar domestic hot water systems Growing share of combined systems for DHW and room heating support in Central Europe (Austria, Germany, France) The number of collective systems for multi family houses, hotels, hospitals etc. is growing Plastic absorber for swimming pools are in use in Central Europe Several solar district heating systems with and without seasonal storage are used in Central and Northern Europe Some pilot plants for process heat Some pilot plants for solar thermal assisted cooling are installed in Europe
Development of the German ST market 6 Annually new installed collector area [1 000 qm] 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 Market Data Solar Thermal in Germany 2013* Newly installed collector area * 1,05 Mio qm Total installed collector area 17,5 Mio qm Growth 2012/2013-11% No. of total systems installed 1,9 Mio * Vorläufig, endgültiger Jahreszahlen 2013 liegen Anfang Feb. 2014 vor (Quelle: BSW-Solar, BDH, Stand 1/2014) Vakuumröhrenkollektoren Evacuated Tube Flachkollektoren Flat Plate 0 BSW-Solar
Monthly sales of collectors Kollektorabsatz* (in qm) 1.200.000 1.000.000 cumulated monthly sales of collectors 11,0% decline in sales compared to previous year 800.000 600.000 400.000 200.000 0 Jan Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Quelle: BSW-Solar/BDH-Statistik, 1/2014 * geschätzte Marktabdeckung der BDH/BSW-Statistik ca. 80% 2010 2011 2012 2013
Decreasing Number of applications supported by the MAP Monthly submittet grant applications for MAP to BAFA Anzahl 16.000 14.710 14.000 2011 12.000 2012 10.000 2013 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 1.575 1.614 2.149 1.020 725 1.432 1.482 1.211 1.480 1.982 1.473 2.205 3.319 2.231 2.696 3.532 2.636 2.972 3.903 3.081 3.507 4.855 2.919 3.014 4.154 2.708 2.866 4.723 3.603 3.195 5.813 3.677 2.963 4.231 3.370 0 Jan Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Quelle: BAFA; Stand 1/2014
9 Solar Thermal Support Schemes in Germany Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar) 24/05/2011 BSW-Solar
MAP-Programme for refurbishments in the building stock 10 Basic support per m2 collector area for combined systems DHW & space heating Basic support: 1.500 90 /m2* (for installations > 16 <= 40m2) For installations > 40m2: 3.600 + 45 / m2 180 / m2 for multi family houses (20 100 m2) Efficiency boni 0,5 X Basic support (in ) for well insulated 1 & 2 family buildings **(45 / m2*) 50 / pumps Boni for replacements of old oil and gas boilers by renewable technologies or modern condensing boilers in combination with solar thermal 500. Further bonus for combination of ST and biomass or heatpump KfW programme for solar systems > 40 m2 providing a grant that covers 30 % of system costs
Renewable energy heat obligation (since 2009) Obligation for the use of renewable energies to cover a certain share of heat demand in building Concerns only new buildings National aim: Provide 14% of renewable heat by 2020 (from: 6% in 2008) Problem: Implementation of the law is not effectively regulated Bild: Wagner und
MAP-Programme for solar process heat 12 Grant: Up to 50% of net investment costs Plants of 20 m2 to 1000 m2 gross collector area eligible Eligibility: SME Frequent applications the low temperature range Car wash / jet washes Agriculture (piglet and duck rearing; biomass drying, feed preparation ) Fish tanks Commercial kitchens / canteens (industrial dishwashers) Fermentation + Cleaning Milk heating sludge drying Laundry Results so far: 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 94 grant applications Average investment costs: 34.225Euro Average Solar coverage: 22% Average Collector: 34sqm (flat) or 49qm (tube) BSW-Solar
13 Solar Thermal strategies to enhance technology and market penetration Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar)
4 strategies needed to develop the full potential of ST 1. The number of solar thermal systems has to be sharply increased 2. The share of solar thermal energy per buil-ding has to be increased step-by-step up to 100% 3. ST has to be introduced in new market segments like public buildings and the commercial sector 4. New ST applications have to be developed like solar assisted cooling, district and process heating
Challenges for the industry research European and German Solar Thermal Technology Platforms Technology for collectors New materials, lower costs Integration into the building envelope Process heat collectors, Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) and air collectors Storage technologies Seasonal storage (big and very huge) High energy density (Latent- and chemical storage) Active solar house System technology, Cost reduction Process heat Solar Cooling Industrial Processes
16 Domestic Applications Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar)
Domestic Hot Water Production Market share in Germany: 35% Typical data for Germany (4-person household) Forced circulation 5-6m2 collector area 300-400 l. solar storage tank Image: Schüco Image: Paradigma Flat-plate or vacuum tube collector Solar station with controls and circulation pump Cold water inlet Water storage tank Condensing boiler oli, gas new: wood pellets rarely: elec. power
Solar Thermal Combined System Market share in Germany: 65% Combined solar thermal system for DHW and auxiliary room heating 8-15 m2 collector area 500-1,000 litres combined storage Forced circulation system Solar station with controls and circulation pump Flat-plate or vacuum tube collector Image: Roto Frank Dom. hot water storage Boiler Heating circuits Buffer storage Cold water inlet
Large scale solar thermal systems Market share < 5 % Large solar thermal systems for multi family houses, hotels, hospitals, nursing homes etc. German companies have a lot of experience and offer matured systems. Image: Solvis Image: Wagner & Co
Main challenge: Discrepancy between Heat Production & Heat Demand Example: Southern Germany Source: ITW
Sonnenhaus Lorenz Kumhausen Construction in 2002 Area 170 m² Construction costs 350,000 incl. Celar + garage solar coverage DHW+ Heating 77 % Source: Sonnenhaus Institut Heat need: 33 kwh/m²a Primary energy need: 14 kwh/m²a Solart 21 thermal: 68 m² (45 ) Solars storage tank: 11 m³ 21
Integration of storage tank Quelle: Sonnenhaus Institut e.v. 22
Storage Tank as decorative element within the flat Source: Sonnenhaus Institut e.v. 23
Sonnenhaus Ingolstadt solar coverage DHW+ Heating 68 % Image: Sonnenhaus Institut Heating need : 35 kwh/m²a Primary energy need: 9 kwh/m²a Solar 24 thermal area: 50 m² (60 ) Storage tank: 9 m³ 24
Solar energy+ house with collectors, PV and heat pump, Area: 175 m² Heat requirement18 kwh/m²a, primary energy need 24 kwh/m²a, PV 55 m² + Solart hermal 35 m² + heat pump Source Sonnenkraft
Attractive components for large systems: Facade integrated collectors Schüco Schüco
First 100% solar multi family house in Europe heated with solar energy Construction in 2007 - Area 1200 m² - Construction costs 2,300,000 (in the Future 1,8 Mill ) Solar coverage DHW + heating 100 % Energy need: < 10 kw (16 kwh/m²a) primary energy need: ca. 4 kwh/m²a Collector area: 276 m² (45 ) Storage: 205 m³ 27 27 Bildquelle: www.jenni.ch
28 Solar District Heating Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar)
Integrative approach: Solar District Heating in Central and Northern Europe Semi-detached houses in Neckarsulm, Germany Solites Solar disctrict heating in Marstal, Denmark 17,000 m² collector area Arcon 12,000 m² seasonal storage Friedrichshafen, Germany
30 Solar thermal technology for industrial processes / cooling Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.v. (BSW-Solar)
Processes and Temperature Levels Industrial Sector Process Temperature Level [ C] Food and Beverages Textile Industry Drying Washing Pasteurizing Boiling Sterilizing Heat Treatment Washing Bleaching Dyeing 30-90 40 80 80 110 95 105 140 150 40 60 40 80 60 100 100 160 Chemical Industry All Sectors Boiling Distilling Various chem. Processes Pre-heating of Boiler Feedwater Heating of Factory Buildings 95 105 110 300 120-180 30 100 30 80
Solar thermal technology for industrial processes / cooling Source: Paradigma 1330 m² evvacuated tube collectors at Festo, Esslingen
Solar car wash plant, Köflach Source: AEE Intec Installed capacity: 30 kw th (43 m² flat plate collector)
Solar cooling & Air conditioning Solar Radiation and required Cooling Load Coincidence of radiation & cooling load demand Solar coolers are Peak-shavers!
Promising Technology: Solar Assisted Cooling (Solar) Thermal driven cooling machines Cooling demand and solar supply are fitting well Solar cooling reduces expensive peak load power There are more than 500 systems installed in Europe Small systems for office buildings and one/two-family houses are under development Adsorption cooling machine Source: Viessmann Imagee: Fraunhofer ISE Bundespresseamt Berlin IHK Freiburg
Conclusions German solar companies can look back on a long experience in solar thermal technology development and applications Solar thermal is an innovative technology and many promising market segments are just about to become economically interesting. Renewable energy solutions will develop their full and most economic potential, if different renewable technologies (incl. energy saving) are being combined. We still have to raise the awareness for the potential of solar thermal technology, worldwide!