- Anshuman Ghai of Iceberg Myanmar.

2017 S A L A R Y G U I D E

A liberalized economy and substantial inflows of foreign investment have created a demand for skilled as well as unskilled labor in the Myanmar workplace For a growing economy the standardization of labor laws is important to continue to attract foreign investment, particularly in labor-intensive sectors like infrastructure, manufacturing, construction, retail and agriculture The Employment and Skill Development Law (2013), has a unique feature it places an obligation on the employers to train and develop employees Training can be provided on the job, outside the workplace, or through workshops conducted by an employer This feature is a direct response to the demand for a qualified professional workforce, which has led to a boom in the related fields of HR and Education & Training Thus, companies need to invest in their personnel - both the skilled and the unskilled This law also sets out certain benchmarks for employment contracts Myanmar needs a regulatory framework that must balance the needs of employers and employees in creating an environment conducive for productive economic growth Labor laws need to be clear and in line with the global standards This is crucial for foreign investors - Anshuman Ghai of Iceberg Myanmar Valerie Badilla of LEARN comments, When organisations take the responsibility to take care of their employees' learning and development, this means that the learning or training initiatives will be more targeted and relevant to the needs of the people and to the requirements of the job and of the business

The Law on Minimum Wages was passed in 2013, but the establishment of an official minimum wage rate remains pending in Parliament In addition, the Settlement of Labor Dispute Law (2012), seeks to regulate disputes between parties using negotiation, conciliation, and arbitration as a first step before resorting to lock-outs and strikes Iceberg Myanmar recently conducted an online questionnaire survey of individuals, with respect to the workforce scenario in Myanmar The following are some of the interesting findings >70% 50% works for a Myanmar Company Approximately half of respondents earns more than KS 300,000 per month Ks 480,000 >20 Average Salary per month Organizations employing more than 20 people on an average pay higher salaries than smaller companies 2X The average salary in an international company is almost twice as high as in a Myanmar company

Given below is a snapshot of the workforce scenario in Myanmar What are the lucrative jobs that are high in demand; What role does each job entail; What are the expected(benchmark) salaries that can be expected from each job (Disclaimer: All findings are based on research conducted on a small sample of the population and are subjective in nature) IT SECTOR Database Administration The tasks included are - Design, development and administration of databases Maintenance of security protocols System health management Software installation, configuration & upgradation Performance tuning & capacity planning and development Experience clearly determinates income level in this field showing wide disparity with salaries ranging from $650 - $3500 There is a clear disparity towards candidates with longer years of experience Average salaries with 1-5 years of experience are approx $1400, while 5-10 years of experience brings about a nearly 100% jump in earning, with average salaries touching $2300 Programmer The tasks included are - Applications development in accordance with system lifecycle Recommend & develop solutions based on user requirements and technical feasibilities Regular user acceptance, and system and integration tests Qualified and trained fresh graduates are often recruited for these jobs also, with starting salaries of about $700 - $1100 However, with experience programmers can earn a lot more 4-5 years of experience gets accountants salary packages of $1000 - $1700, while over 6-10 years of experience can get remuneration of $2000 - $2400, reaching up to $2900 for senior, experienced candidates

IT Support functions Hardware & Software operations: Installation, maintenance & support for equipment and software applications Network maintenance End-user support and help-desk Qualified, fresh graduates are often recruited for these jobs also, with starting salaries of about $600 - $750 However, with 5 years of experience they can earn up to $1100 6-10 years of experience gets IT personnel salary packages of $1300 - $1600 Most organizations on an average pay $1000 for their IT support staff IT Management position Administration and management of - IT infrastructure Software applications Email systems All inter-organization and intra-organization communications systems Development of policies and plans for- Existing IT systems Interface with legacy systems Backup and contingency planning These are the best paying IT positions, with starting salaries for non-experienced candidates at $1000 - $1500, and going up to $2200 for candidates with 5-10 years of experience An IT manager with over 10 years of experience can comfortably expect an average $2500 - $3400 FINANCE & ACCOUNTS Cashier Responsibilities include Customer cash transactions, refunds and exchanges Maintenance of deposits and cash balances Cashier jobs often recruit young graduates and do not require much training Salaries start at $250, and with 2-3 years of experience they can touch $350 - $400

Accountant Management of - Quotations & bills Payment &receipt vouchers VAT, TAX and other expenses Fresh graduates are often recruited for these jobs also, with starting salaries of about $350 - $500 However, with experience accountants can earn a lot more 5-10 years of experience gets accountants salary packages of $1000 - $1200, while over 10 years of experience can get remuneration of $1600 - $2000 Accounting Manager Development & maintenance of Accounting practices and procedures Financial reporting Preparation and support for Budget and Forecast activities Audit preparation Qualified and experienced (minimum of 5 years) candidates are required for these positions Salaries start at about $1000, however, with over 10 years of experience candidates begin to earn about $2100 - $2500 Senior accountants with over 15 years in the field can draw salaries of $2500 - $3000 Finance & Accounts Manager Management of accounting activities A/P A/R GL Payroll Taxation Costing Financial statements preparation & analysis Coordination with banks and government agencies This job requires good qualifications and a minimum of 5 years of experience in the field of accounts Junior employees earn about $1400 - $2000, while experienced candidates (with 10-15 years of experience) earn between $2300 - $3000 Maximum salary can go up to $3500 Auditor Develop, complete and review all financial records and transactions Analyze reliability of accounting and financial records Performance of operational audit This position requires specialized training and qualifications Fresh graduates begin with salaries of about $550 - $750 However, the salary package steps up with experience in the field Candidates with 5-10 years of experience receive salaries around $1600 - $2100 Above 10 years of experience can command up to $3100

Financial Controller Responsibilities include: Financial forecast, budgets and planning Performance analysis Implementation of internal control procedures Overseeing regulatory, compliance requirements This is a senior position and candidates need a minimum of 5 years of experience to gain entry Salaries begin from $1100 - $1500, but increase to $2300 with 10 years of experience Maximum salaries can go up to $2900 - $3200 SALES & MARKETING Customer Services Officer This role requires Providing information about services and products Resolving customers issues and complaints A job for young fresh graduates The salaries offered can start at $350, but on average go up to $800 - $900 Marketing Manager This role requires: Taking a leadership role for the marketing team Strategize and develop product/services plans, campaigns and roadmaps Create offline and online media designs Facilitate ATL/BTL communications Candidates need to have a minimum of 3 years experience in the field of marketing to gain a managerial position Salaries start at about $1100, but senior managers can get up to $2500 - $2700 Business Development Manager Research and explore potential business activities Analyze the integration of new ventures with the business strategy and operations Gauge the potential and screen for associated risks This position requires qualified, experienced candidates, with salaries starting at a minimum of $1000, and going up to $2300 - $2600 for candidates with over 10 years of experience

Account Manager The responsibilities include Managing a portfolio of long-term customers Maintain a connect with key executives and stakeholders Forecast and track key account metrics Ensure timely and successful delivery to clients Identify new growth opportunities Collaborate with sales team to facilitate new deals and ventures A minimum of 5 years of experience in the field of marketing & sales is required for these positions Salaries begin at about $1000 - $1200, but go up to $1800 for candidates with 10 years of experience Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2900 - $3500 Sales representative/account Executive This role entails Daily sales activities via calls and visits Meeting sales targets Resolving customer complaints and issues Facilitating existing customer accounts Developing new accounts Fresh recruits are often taken for these jobs Salaries start at $300 for beginners, and experienced candidates can get up to $1000 Only candidates with over 5 years of experience can achieve salaries in the range of $1200 - $1500 Sales & Marketing Manager This role entails taking a leadership position for the sales & marketing team Identify and review market trends Plan and develop action plan to meet the targets Facilitate the communication of marketing and sales information; make recommendations Implement productivity, quality and customer service standards Resolve customer issues A minimum of 5 years of experience is required for these positions Salaries begin at $1500, with average pays of $2200 - $2600 Experienced managers with over 10 years in the field command up to $3000 - $3700 Head of Sales & Marketing This role entails all the business development activities in an organization Surveys and research for development of new opportunities Making recommendations based on reviews Planning strategies and setting objectives Implementing sales & marketing plans Ensuring meeting of laid-down objectives Overseeing the sales & marketing department Candidates need to have a minimum of 10 years of experience in the field of sales & marketing to achieve these positions Average salaries begin around $2500, and experienced candidates command around $3500 - $4500

PROJECTS Project Engineer Preparation & management of Forecasts and plans Detailed operational schedules Dealings with suppliers & contractors, including Recruitment Evaluations/reviews On-site supervision & coordination Young recruits with less than 5 years experience can expect a minimum salary of $750 However, this increases with additional experience Engineers with over 5 years experience can expect not less than $2000 Project Manager Responsibilities include Taking a leadership position to ensure the project charter is met Supervise day-to-day activities, including Scope Costs Schedule Deliverables Reporting Planning and tracking progress Control and risk management Conducting personnel training This job requires experienced personnel with at least 6 years of work experience in this field Salaries begin at about $1100, but most project managers receive an average income of $2000 - $2500 Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2900 - $3500 ADMINISTRATION

Receptionist Provide a welcome point for visitors Guide and impart information Maintain security Operate the telecommunication systems Good communication skills are most important and fresh graduates can easily get these jobs Salaries start at about $350, and experienced candidates can get up to $675- $800 Executive Secretary/Personal Assistant This role entails Aiding key executives Organize meetings and maintain schedules Review correspondence & facilitate research Excellent organization and communication skills are a prerequisite for these jobs Fresh graduates can easily begin with salaries of $700 - $900 With experience of over 6 years candidates can get up to $1600 - $2200 Administration Officer Provide a support function for administrative and office operations These include: Filing Formatting Printing Distribution of documents Another excellent job for fresh graduates that requires good organization skills Fresh graduates usually begin with salaries of $600 - $700 With experience of 6-10 years candidates can get up to $1200 - $1600 Administration Manager This job requires taking a leadership position in the administration department of an organization The task entail - Maintaining & implementing office systems Managing staff Designing and putting into operation office plans and policies Review and analysis of administrative reports Experience of 5 years is required for these positions Salaries begin in the range of $1000 - $1200, but candidates with 5-10 years of experience get about $1500 -$1700 Over 10 years of experience brings a candidate close to $2000 - $2300

HUMAN RESOURCE Senior HRD Manager Leadership role in the HR department of an organization This role entails Plan & implement HR policies & practices Formulate training & development strategies Oversee immediate and long-term staff requirements This job requires experienced personnel with at least 6 years of work experience in this field Salaries begin at about $1100 - $1300, but most HR managers receive an average income of $1700 - $1900 Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2600 - $3200 HR Manager This job entails management of the HR department This includes Selection of recruits Training & development Appraisals Development of benefit structures Maintaining employee relations Legal compliances A minimum of 5 years of experience is required for these positions Salaries begin at $1000, with average pays of $1500 - $1700 Experienced managers with over 10 years in the field command up to $1800 - $2300 HR Supervisor This role requires providing hands-on support in facilitating the following processes Employee selection Payroll, benefits & welfare Training & development Supervision Communication and relations with employees Qualified, fresh recruits are can apply for these jobs Salaries begin at about $850 - $1100 for beginners, and experienced candidates can get up to $1500 Candidates with 6-10 years of experience can achieve salaries in the range of $1800 - $2300

MANUFACTURING & CONSTRUCTION Logistics & Warehouse manager This role entails management of supply of raw materials, as well as, finished products in the production process Plan and schedule for material required in the production process Oversee inventory management Develop and implement logistics operations Coordinate shipping of products Plan and monitor budgets Lead and manage team members A minimum of 5 years of experience in this field is required for these positions Salaries begin at about $1200 - $1500, but go up to $1800 for candidates with 10 years of experience Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2400 - $2900 Purchase & Procurement Manager Management of all purchase operations for Raw materials Tools and parts Machinery/equipment Services Managing sourcing strategies by Identifying supplier quality and readiness Ensuring cost saving measures are implemented Review of all commercial agreements Budget planning & control Team management These positions also require about 5 years of experience in the field For young recruits salaries begin at about $750 - $1100, but go up to $1800 for candidates with 10 years of experience Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2200 - $2700 This also means that the training programmes and the methods of delivery common in Myanmar will no longer be acceptable Organisations should no longer spend money on training that is characterised by theory and text-heavy books delivered by academics through hours of lectures with little regard to internationally accepted standards - Valerie, LEARN

Construction Engineer Planning & development of construction projects These can include: Building construction Residential Industrial Office/commercial Railroads Roadways Sewage systems Qualified engineers with at least 5 years of experience are suitable for these jobs Young recruits get salaries starting from $800 - $1000, which can go up to $1300 with 3 more years of experience Candidates with 7-10 years of experience can earn between $1700 - $2300, and senior personnel with over 10 years of experience in the field can command up to $2800 - $3200 Construction Manager This job requires taking a leadership role in a construction project This includes Bidding & pre-commissioning tasks Project planning & scheduling Detailing construction methodology Ensuring safety, quality and compliance requirements Site-work supervision Management of personnel A minimum of 6 years of experience in the field of construction is required for these positions Salaries begin at about $950 - $1500, but go up to $2400 for candidates with 10 years of experience Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2700 - $3400 Engineer Equipment operations and maintenance, including Installation Operating Repairs Improvements Cost reduction activities Energy saving processes Qualified fresh engineering can apply for these jobs Young recruits get salaries starting from $550 - $700, which can go up to $1400 with 4-5 more years of experience Candidates with 6-10 years of experience can earn between $1600 - $1900

Production Engineer Provide overall technical know-how to support the production process This includes Maintenance of machinery and equipment Controlling productivity processes Ensuring KPI efficiency and performance Maintenance of product delivery standards in terms of: Volume Quality Lead time Safety Manage team performance and output Qualified engineers with a minimum of 2 years of experience are required for these positions Salaries begin at about $650 - $800, but go up to $1200 for candidates with 5 years of experience Senior personnel with 6-10 years of experience can command up to $1600 - $1900 Production Manager This role demands taking a leadership role in the production department This entails - Planning & Implementation of production schedules Compliance with production requirements Management of operations Ensure KPI efficiency parameters Safety and quality standards are met Team management A minimum of 6 years of experience in the field of production is required for these positions Salaries begin at about $1200 - $1400, but go up to $2000 for candidates with 10 years of experience Senior personnel with over 10 years of experience can command up to $2300 - $3000 When organisations become responsible for their employees' growth, they will ensure that all training activities are designed to fit the needs of both the employees and the business; and are practical, relevant, and value for money - Valerie, LEARN

The survey has segmented respondents by age, education, salary level, career level, job category, company type, and satisfaction with last salary increase Some of the Expected Observations are as follows: People with a higher salary are on average happier with their salary People with higher salaries get on average relatively smaller increases People with higher salaries stay on average longer with the same company and job People with higher salaries work more often for international companies People with higher salaries more often have a university degree and a managerial position Older and more senior career level people stay on average longer with the same company and in the same job type Male vs Female Observations For both Male and Female respondents, about 76% still work for the same company as a year ago For both Male and Female respondents about 83% still have a similar job type as a year ago Male and Female respondents show a similar level of satisfaction with their salaries For both Males and Females, the average salary is about 480,000 Median salary for Males is 275,000; for Females 300,000 For both Male and Female respondents, the reported salary increase compared to a year ago was about 12% A quarter of Males work in Engineering & Technical fields; a quarter of the Females in Accounting & Finance 65% of the Male respondents have a university degree versus 84% of the Female respondents The 46+ age group has considerably more males than females Myanmar has taken significant steps to promote landmark labour rights and policies in recent years Employers that employ workers in factories, workshops or similar establishments, are required to contribute to a skill development fund This ensures that workers' skills are updated and kept relevant The rate of contribution by the employer has been set at not be less that 05% of the salaries and wages of their employees This survey can be used to match employment seekers with suitable employers on the operations front