SKILLS AND COMPETENCES DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS AT ALL LEVELS SKILLFUL WP1 Dr. Evangelos Bekiaris Director of CERTH/ HIT SKILLFUL Technical & Innovation Manager abek@certh.gr www.imet.gr skillfulproject.eu
Future trends, needs and scenarios for jobs across Europe within SKILLFUL Within WP1, the objective of defining the future trends, needs and scenarios is approached through the critical review of the existing, emerging and future knowledge and skills requirements of workers at all levels in the transportation sector by the following activities: 2 identification of the key paradigm shifters and game changers in the future transportation ecosystem. identification of the key enabling and supporting technologies that drive the above changes. identification of the emerging novel services and service bundles that will shape the future transportation sector. identification of the major demographic, behavioural, cultural and socioeconomic issues that will shape the future workplace in transport. matching of the future skill and competences requirements with the current and foresighted workforce groups in transport and identification of the leading relevant scenarios on employability enhancement in the future.
3 Methodology of WP1 For the realization of the these objectives, until now: 126 experts have been interviewed in total, from more than 20 different European countries, covering all Europe also covering a wide area of positions and professional areas. These experts were asked to: o prioritize the the future changes and trends (in s of the extent affecting the transportation sector); o suggestion of additional driving forces and trends that will probably affect the future European transportation systems and its employability; o highlighting of the professions, jobs and occupations that foreseen to be mostly affected and emerge o defining the timeframe of these changes (short (2020), medium (2030) and long (2050)). 124 relevant reports and documents (from all ETPs and other relevant bodies and actors), as well as scientific articles have been analysed, for: o collecting all the information needed about the current and upcoming changes in the European transportation sector o enhancing the prioritization that occurred from the interviews, and o providing additional information and data on their influence on the transportation sector s employability. A relevant Workshop has been held, during the FIRM Conference 2017.
4 Prioritization of future trends and driving forces Prioritization of the paradigm shifters and game changers expected impact to the future Transportation system of Europe Prioritization of the enabling key technologies expected impact to the future Transportation system of Europe
Prioritization of future trends and driving forces 5 Prioritization of the new services expected impact to the future Transportation system of Europe Prioritization of the new business schemes expected impact to the future Transportation system of Europe
Prioritization of future trends and driving forces 6 According to the graphs above, the overall driving market forces that will affect to a greater extent the future transportation system, are the following: Electrification in all transportation modes and alternative fuel technologies; Wide range digitalization and connectivity of all modes; Autonomous and unmanned transport systems (from drones to road and rail automation and robots for logistic operations); Information technologies and telematic applications; Cooperative Systems and V2X interfaces; Traffic big data handling methods. Mobility-as-a service (MaaS) enabling services (carpooling, carsharing, DRT and FMS schemes, etc.); Personalisation of services; Integration of infrastructure-based and in-vehicle services. Transport on demand schemes that adapt flexibly to the kind and number of objects to be transported; Retail and (e)commerce development; Transport workplace flexibility;
Additional future trends and driving forces. 7 Circular economy & recycling; Industry 4.0 (extended use of simulation, VR/ AR & remote production methods); New urban planning paradigms, leading to less transport for commuting and entertainment; Extended use of RES in transport (wheel to wheel). RES for marine and off-shore applications. Personalization of devices/ vehicles/ services during installation; Mega service and maintenance companies, instead of service SMEs; Reduced lifetime of cars/ vehicles due to heavier use through MaaS schemes; leading to retrofit and s/w upgrade services; Accessibility (mobility) supporters; Touristic/ recreational services supported through novel, ad hoc multimodal (DRT based) transport networks; Surveillance, recharging and cleaning service of MaaS and automated vehicle fleets; Added value services in automated vehicles when driver is out of the loop; Transport services aggregators: Multimodal seamless service providers with service roaming agreements between them.
Additional future trends and driving forces. 8 Life-long training integration in more and more professions; Shorter redesign/ development scales for production (mobiles short lifecycle migrating to many more transportation means, vehicles and ICT infrastructure elements); EV batteries recycling and reuse; Mobility instructors that will probably replace driving instructors; Extension of energy aggregators business to the transport sector; for vehicles/ infrastructures that are connected to the grid.
Demographic, behavioural, cultural and socioeconomic factors Future Challenges Demographic o working population in Europe is expected to decline by 21 million by 2030, due to a shrinking population, its aging and a shortage of qualified labour. This will affect consumer trends, market size and employment; o changing demographics (i.e. a growing number of elderly people and millennials ) will bring about a redesign of public transport systems and cities infrastructure. 9 Behavioural o a radical shift in the workplace will require new work design, organizational structure, and leadership style (i.e. digitalisation of city data will allow new services to people and demand for workforce skilled in digitalization). Cultural o some of the future challenges that have to be managed are diversity and the exploitation of multicultural talent. These aspects will constitute some key challenges; o society will witness an inevitable shift in cultural attitudes spreading across the digital society, manifested primarily by less ownership and more common or shared usage of the different means of transport.
Demographic, behavioural, cultural and socioeconomic factors Future Challenges 10 Socio-economic o education will constitute a pivotal role in order to properly drive new potential workers on covering the future and each emerging demand. As a result, new education schemes will become increasingly focused, not just on knowledge, but also on strategic skills that students need to get a job; o the coming decades will be shaped by the process of converging through interdisciplinary developments. New technology platforms will drive transport development where scarcity of resources and societal challenges will prevail. Supplementary, we will witness shrinkage of vacancies, addressed mainly to computer literate or to those being keen on following the improvement of technology; o the talent shortages and demand for technical competences will push a return to professional and vocational training, devaluing generic university degrees.
Main changes to employability. How the future will be shaped? 11 Jobs/ Positions to be changed or eliminated A/A Title/ Description of professional position 1. Freight forwarders, Logistic centre staff 2. Transportation scheduler/ planner, Mobility planner Main affective parameters ITS based booking systems; web based e-platforms; freight booking platforms; logistic tracing and tracking; disruptive digital services; global traceability for logistics optimization. Digitalization of services; IT and integrated planning; open urban data; big data; IoT; globalisation; interdisciplinarity; multimodality & syncromodality; mega cities & traffic management multistakeholder systems. 3. Ticket issuers & controllers Autonomous driving; smart payments; digitalization and connectivity of all modes; multimodality & Syncromodality; mega cities & multi-stakeholder systems; ATIMs; new payment mechanisms and electronic ticketing services; Retail and (e) commerce development. 4. Customer service personnel, Customers' suppliers & Suppliers planning, Custom officials. 5. Manufacturing staff (blue collar and middle management, general automotive production & manufacturing, etc.). Logistic tracing and tracking; retail and (e)commerce development; transport on demand; outsourcing and automated services; single window & automated X-ray controls. Transport on demand schemes; fuel availability schemes; retail and (e)commerce development; autonomous and unmanned transport systems; greening of transportation; Electrification; alternative fuel technologies; new transport vehicle types. Timeframe Short Short Short to Medium Short to Medium 6. Fuel Station operators, fuel Electrification in all transportation modes and alternative fuel distributors and retailers. Fuel technologies; greening of transport; new vehicle types; quality control automation of services.
Main changes to employability. How the future will be shaped? 12 Jobs/ Positions to be changed or eliminated A/A Title/ Description of professional position Main affective parameters 7. Manual Operators Autonomous & unmanned transport systems; robotics; full mechanization of loading / unloading; digitalisation; AI; disruptive digital services 8. Booking clerks & travel agents IT based smart enquiry and booking systems for whole transit services; autonomous and unmanned transport systems; smoother travel through electronic visas (e-visas) and smart airports; novel tourism/recreational services, incorporating travel and mobility services; multimodal trip planners and routers. Timeframe Short to Medium 9. Security Controllers, IT security/ Cyber security manager Autonomous and unmanned transport systems; CTV/monitoring; globalisation; digitalisation; smoother travel & evisas; new mobility services; MaaS; Feel safe, feel secure - more resilient transport systems. Medium 10. Driving license instructors Autonomous and unmanned transport systems; IT; gamification; affective and persuasive interfaces; electrification. 11. Drivers Autonomous & unmanned transport systems (from drones to road and rail automation and robots for logistic operations); tube freight transport concepts; application of ICT, AI & IoE; electrification in all transport modes and alternative fuel technologies; digitalization; safety in accident and incident situations; robotisation; cooperative Systems and V2X; smart ticketing systems; Medium Medium to long 12. Traffic violation officer/ Traffic Wide range digitalization and connectivity of all modes; new Medium to long police transportation technologies will require new roles for police force; CERTH/ HIT Feel safe, SKILLFUL feel secure WP1 - more resilient transport systems; 20 October 2017 robotisation; C-ITS; mobile broadband.
Main changes to employability. How the future will be shaped? Jobs/ Positions to emerge 13 A/A Title/ Description of professional position 1. Logistics manager, Global freight forwarder/manager 2. Logistic operators at inals & delivery dispatchers/ City logistics service provider 3. Experts on AI, Digital transformation, Big Data 4. IoT developers, IoE Engineers, 3D Printing Engineers (Development of customized solutions for individual s need). 5. Security (& cyber security) experts, legal services personnel and privacy protection specialists (This will have to include security out of the vehicle for secured data transfer). Main affective parameters New requirements for inodal and multimodal operation providing one stop shop solutions to customers; open urban data; improved remote control over transport fleets (IT); robotics; cooperative Systems and V2X interfaces; affective and persuasive interfaces; logistics tracking and tracing; autonomous & unmanned transport systems. Cooperative systems and V2X interfaces; affective and persuasive interfaces; robotics; logistics tracking and tracing; autonomous & unmanned transport systems. Automation of customer order and production process; digitalisation; further development of mobile technologies and Wi- Fi internet access; autonomous & unmanned systems; AI. AI; IoE & IoT; 3D printing on production location and logistic; driving the need for competent technicians and engineers to design and maintain new technologies. Automation & unmanned transport systems; mobile services on the cloud; new commercial needs and approaches; C-ITS and V2X; autonomous vehicles. Timeframe 6. Alternative fuels distributors & Electrification of transportation and development of alternative Charging Station Operators fuels. time horizon
Main changes to employability. How the future will be shaped? Jobs/ Positions to emerge 14 A/A Title/ Description of professional position 7. Charging station operators& managers. e-charge maintenance 8. Automated vehicle operators/ Drones/ Remote flying object operator 9. Designers of autonomous vehicles & custom vehicle builders 10. Ethics and law specialists in transportation (Management of issues related mainly with autonomous vehicles and development of ethical rules for robots). 11. Mobility integrators & MaaS aggregators/ Planner of an integrated transport system Main affective parameters Electrification of transportation and development of alternative fuels; mobile services on the cloud; integration of infrastructurebased and in-vehicle services. Autonomous and unmanned transport systems (from drones to road and rail automation and robots for logistic operations); VR; AR; wireless technologies for vehicular operation; robotisation; V2X communications; mobile broadband, sensors; cooperative Systems; affective and persuasive interfaces. Robotics; advancements in interaction technologies for on-board and personal devices; advancement in machine learning algorithms for making HMI smarter; retail and (e)commerce development; fuel availability schemes. Autonomous vehicles; robotisation; AI. MaaS services; multimodal trip planners and routers; transport on demand scheme. Timeframe time horizon time 12. Railway infrastructure energy billing supervisor. Energy billing Medium
Main changes to employability. How the future will be shaped? Jobs/ Positions to emerge 15 A/A Title/ Description of professional position 13. Smart delivery: Transport planners & tool developers (New self-driving small distribution vehicles will be developed and safe just-in-time deliveries to customers demanded). Main affective parameters MaaS enabling services (carpooling, car sharing, DRT and FMS schemes, etc.); personalisation of services; mobile services on the cloud; context aware services; support for on-the-fly decision making; payment mechanisms to facilitate easy transfers across different modes; integration of infrastructure-based and in-vehicle services. Timeframe Medium 14. Infomobility experts Transport on demand scheme. Medium 15. Automation & Robotics experts, Innovators development & maintenance of Automated Systems Automation & unmanned transport; the need to innovate public transport and make it more competitive in order to encourage more people to use it; 3D printing; digitalization; interdisciplinary Safety & Security; robo-mechatronics Medium 16. Predicting engineers Advancements in machine learning algorithms for predicting the Long (In the future, the forecasts are expected future situations. to become more and more reliable, in a longer time frame. A society in which the data should govern our behaviour providing the most expected future in front of us (i.e. the probability of accidents in a given road with hours of anticipation) would be not far away from a reality. As social scientists and psychologist should prepare people with a such type of society, engineers and technicians should be ready to design CERTH/ HIT technologies in mobility context able to SKILLFUL WP1 20 October 2017 be a kind of future machines (which kind
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