Cities The Challenge of the 21 st Century

Transcription

1 Cities The Challenge of the 21 st Century Mike Perry & Stephen Pattenden (Telemetry Associates) BSI Smart Cities Standards Strategy; 31 May 12 Part of the BRE Trust

2 Cities An issue of urban growth Greatest challenge since humans became social Cities c.2% of global land mass but consume c.80% resources Current global population: c.7bn; forecast for 2030: 8.3bn (UK: 62.3mn growing to c.75mn by 2030) % of global population urbanised Today 80% of developed world lives in cities % of global population will be urbanised Not just an issue for developing countries; cities will also grow in developed world by c.6%

3 What drives growth of cities? Doubling the size of a city increases metrics of urban living good and bad Socio-economic per capita : Wages GDP Number of patents Number of educational & research institutes Negative metrics: Crime Traffic congestion Some diseases Startling empirical fact all increase by 15% (Bettancourt et al, 2007)

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5 Resource Use in the built environment Resource use in the built environment under stress: Energy & carbon emissions Water availability Waste disposal & recycling Traffic globally: private vehicles will increase from 1.2bn now to 2.6bn by 2050 Healthcare rapid rise in proportion of elderly and growth in long term conditions Logistics

6 The Energy Gap

7 Waste management 40% of waste from households is currently recycled, as of 2011, compared to 11% in 2000/01. Average residual waste per person has reduced by 76kg since 2006/07 to 275kg/person/year 52 per cent of commercial and industrial waste was recycled or reused in England in 2009, compared to 42 per cent in 2002/3. 55% of municipal waste generated in the UK is sent to landfill, compared to an EU-27 average of 40%.

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9 Resource management processes are at the limit Traditional delivery mechanisms are not sustainable This is a fact now Will be significantly aggravated in the future, eg 2030 Urgent imperative driving need for alternative monitoring, management & control mechanisms Business as usual is not an option witness global economic crisis The only show in town is digital infrastructure & digital services

10 What are digital infrastructure & services? Smart buildings, communities & cities comprised: Infrastructure: Cabled (glass, plastic & copper) Wireless Satellite PLC (?) Sensors & actuators transmitting & acting on information Applications the clever bit, data & information processing

11 So what? IP Communications Network

12 Digital technologies in use: Google flu study (Nature 457, 2009)

13 What are Future City Systems?

14 Future City Systems and the Supply Chain

15 Data & Information Where does the information come from? Meters, Traffic systems, Parking, CCTV, Houses, Vehicles, Buildings, Streets, People and crowds (Smart Homes) Emergency services, Hospitals, Police systems Energy Management, Social Care, Building Systems Utilities, energy, water and waste (Smart Grids) Most of these sources involve sensors and actuators

16 Services & Applications How do we use the information? At the City level examples are: Traffic and Transport management People and crowd management Emergency Service management Running the City Understanding the City City commissioning, procurement & operation

17 And for People Services & Applications Energy Management - Social Care - Home Systems Mobility - Entertainment - Security Safety Privacy - Trust Images from Smart Village Project report

18 Technology is not the challenge! Have sufficient, developed technology to deliver infrastructure now have had for a significant period Some primary challenges to effective roll-out include range of soft issues : Need for coordinated, consistent policy objectives Standards & codes of practice Interoperability Integrated supply chain Installing infrastructure in existing building stock How will digital services be delivered sustainably?

19 Stakeholders Stakeholders include People (or Citizens) who live, work and play in the city The City (and local) Authorities and all the city services Central Government The Utilities (Energy, Water, Waste, Communications) Transport (Railways, Busses, Trams, traffic) Suppliers of Services, infrastructure, systems integrators, application and systems developers, financial organisations, etc. All Stakeholders are important and must be involved

20 Where is the log jam? Government acknowledge benefit of digital infrastructure & services Broadband strategy Smart meter programme Local Authorities very keen to apply digital technologies & services Core Cities Suppliers have shed loads of kit Need market gelling point major future cities demonstrator; under negotiation

21 Wider Facilitation of the Future Cities Market Major demonstrators will show viability of future city systems But require supporting framework to inform development of specifications Government acknowledges importance of future city systems - Unlikely to use regulations supportive of a standards framework an effective way forward BIS funded development of the Smart Cities Standards Strategy the focus of today s workshop

22 Thank you for your attention Mike Perry BRE P) M) E)