Relevant ASHRAE and International Standards and Codes for Building Prof. Walid Chakroun, DRC, RAL ASHRAE Engineering the World We Live In Road to Climate Friendly Chillers - Moving Beyond CFCS and HCFCS September 30 October 1, 2010 Cairo, Egypt
Today s building designs mortgage our energy future.
Why Are Buildings So Important? World total energy consumption is expected to increase as high as 50 percent in less than two decades. Buildings are responsible for 38% of total energy use that figure increases to up to 70% in some countries. 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3 3
Fastest Growing Energy Sector 45 40 35 Industrial Transportation Buildings Total 30 Quads 25 20 15 10 5 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007 Buildings sector energy consumption growing faster than any other sector.
Building Energy Efficiency is the single most important opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (2007-2008 ASHRAE President Kent Peterson) is the fastest-growing success story of the last 50 years (American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)
What is ASHRAE Doing to Help
Standard 90.1 Standard 90.1-2010 to be published this fall Celebrating 35 th anniversary of publication of Standard 90.1 Developed in response to U.S. energy crisis of 1970s www.ashrae.org/90.1histo ry
Standard 90.1 2007 standard is the reference standard for the International Energy Conservation Code Adopted by National Fire Protection Association
Standard 90.1 Provides minimum requirements for the energyefficient design of buildings except low-rise residential buildings Covers New buildings and their systems Additions alterations
Standard 90.1 Sections Section 1 purpose Section 2 scope Section 3 definitions, abbreviations and acronyms Section 4 administration and enforcement Section 5 building envelope Section 6 heating, ventilating and air conditioning
Standard 90.1 Sections Section 7 service water heating Section 8 power Section 9 lighting Section 10 other equipment Section 11 energy cost budget method Section 12 normative references
Standard 90.1 Building built according to Standard 90.1-2007 is 35% more efficient than one built in compliance with Standards 90-75 and 90A-1989 Building built in compliance with Standard 90.1-2010 expected to use less than half the energy per floor area than one built to Standard 90-75 and 90A-1980
Standard 90.1 Energy reduction from 90.1-2004 to 90.1-2010 estimated between 21.7 and 30.98% Range is large, assumptions such as ventilation rates and which loads to include in the final percentage calculation make a big difference Waiting on modeling some energy-saving addenda for final reduction figures
Standard 90.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of residential buildings. 14
Standard 90.2 It applies for the design and construction of new residential dwelling units and their systems, new portions of residential dwelling units and their systems and new systems and equipment in existing dwelling units. 15
Standard 90.2 This standard applies to the building envelope, heating equipment and systems, air-conditioning equipment and systems, domestic water-heating equipment and systems, and provisions for overall building design alternatives and trade-offs. 16
Green Building Standard Published in January 2010 Serves as benchmark for sustainable green buildings does not apply to all buildings Addresses energy, impact on the atmosphere, sustainable sites, water use, materials and resources and IEQ www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
What is Standard 189.1? ANSI standard developed in model code language Provides minimum requirements for high-performance, green buildings Applies to all buildings intended as high performance except low-rise residential buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1) Not a design guide, not a rating system Jurisdictional compliance option to the International Green Construction Code published by the International Code Council and cooperating sponsors, American Institute of Architects and ASTM International
Goals for Standard 189.1 Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas One challenge is existing green building rating systems contain few mandatory provisions Provide simple compliance options Complement green building rating programs Standard is not intended to compete with green building rating programs
Standard 189.1 Building Blocks
Standard 189.1 Topic Areas SS WE EE IEQ MR CO Sustainable Sites Water Use Efficiency Energy Efficiency Indoor Environmental Quality Building s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources Construction and Operations Plans
Sustainable Sites Highlights 1. Site Selection 2. Reduce heat island effect 3. Reduce light pollution SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Water Use Efficiency Site Water Use Highlights Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, & smart irrigation controllers Building Water Use Plumbing fixtures & fittings, appliances, HVAC systems & equipment, generally 40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992 Disallow once through cooling with potable water WE SS EE IEQ MR CO
Energy Efficiency Highlights More energy efficient than Standard 90.1-2007 Renewable energy provisions Energy measurement for verification Electric peak load reduction SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Energy Efficiency Prescriptive Option On-site renewable energy systems Annual energy production equivalent of 6 KBtu/ft 2 of conditioned space Exception for areas with incident solar radiation less than 4 kwh/m 2 - day and purchase of green power of 75 kwh/ft 2 -yr for a period not to exceed ten years SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Air Quality Highlights Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of minimum outside air MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment areas) No smoking inside building Source contaminant control Daylighting Acoustical Control SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Building s Impact on the Atmosphere Highlights Construction waste management Reduced Impact materials Wood Products Refrigerants Storage and Collection of Recyclables and Discarded Goods SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Construction and Operation Highlights Acceptance Testing/Commissioning IAQ Construction Management Plan Plans for Operation High-performance building operation Maintenance Service Life Transportation management SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
What is Your Best Path Forward? Begin to understand the impact of these new requirements on your business and technical expertise Identify what requisite skills and knowledge you will need once this standard and green codes are implemented Share your knowledge and experience with policymakers who will ultimately implement programs that will impact ASHRAE members
The Standards Executive Committee recommends that International Standards activities should be supported by ASHRAE staff. If we are to be an International Society, this will be the kind of action that must be taken and supported by ASHRAE.
In a global marketplace, the objective of the standards development process must be a single, internationally recognized, technically valid standard that allows products to be distributed for commerce worldwide with minimal change or modification. One Global Standard Accepted by All
ISO Activities Four ISO Technical Committees
ISO/TC 86 Refrigeration and air-conditioning SC 1 - Safety and environmental requirements for refrigerating systems (ASHRAE) SC 2 - Terms and definitions (ASHRAE) SC 3 - Factory made refrigeration systems (AHRI) SC 4 - Refrigerant compressors (SAC) SC 5 transferred to IEC SC 6 - AC and heat pumps (AHRI) SC 7 - Commercial display cases (AHRI) SC 8 - Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants (ASHRAE)
Standards ISO/TC 86 17 published standards, most recently: ISO 5151:2010, Non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps ISO 817:2005, Refrigerants Designation system ISO 17584:2005, Refrigerant properties 15 under development, notably: ISO 817, Refrigerants Number designation and safety classification (34) ISO 5149, Mechanical refrigerating systems used for cooling and heating Safety and environmental requirements (15) ISO 13253, Ducted air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps
ISO/TC 142 Cleaning equipment for air and other gases ISO/TS 21220:2009, Particulate air filters for general ventilation determination of the filtration performance
ISO/TC 180 ISO/TC 180, Solar energy ISO/TC 180/SC 4, Systems Thermal performance, reliability and durability
Standards ISO/TC 180 16 published standards, including: ISO 9459 series, Solar heating Domestic water heating systems Two under development (SC 4): ISO/DIS 9459-4, System performance characterization by means of component tests and computer simulation ISO/TS 11924, Test methods for the assessment of protection from extreme temperatures and pressures
ISO/TC 205 Building environment design WG 1 General principles WG 2 Design of energy efficient buildings WG 3 Building control system design WG 4 Indoor air quality WG 5 Indoor thermal environment WG 6 Indoor acoustical environment WG 7 Indoor visual environment WG 8 Radiant heating and cooling systems WG 9 Heating and cooling systems
Standards ISO/TC 205 Nine published standards, including ISO 16814, Indoor air quality (62.1) ISO 16484-5, Data communication protocol (BACnet) ISO 16484-6, Data communication conformance testing (BACnet) ISO 16818, Energy efficiency terminology (90.1) Several under development, notably ISO 16815, Indoor thermal environment (55)
U.S. Technical Advisory Groups administered by ASHRAE US TAG to ISO/TC 86 US TAG to ISO/TC 142 US TAG to ISO/TC 180 US TAG to ISO/TC 205
What s Your Building EQ? In Operation Pilot completed in June 2010 23 buildings from 10 owners/operators 17 Provisional Assessors Assessments include: - Building characteristics - Building Energy Quotient - IEQ Assessment As Designed rating to follow in second half of 2010 www.buildingeq.com
Building Energy Labels Provide... Information on the potential and measured energy use of buildings Feedback to building owners and operators on how their building is performing Insight into the value and potential of investments for long-term energy costs Opportunity to differentiate buildings in a technically sound and consistent manner
Why Now? Building owners need a technically sound label that can serve as a consistent model for labeling programs. Areas without existing labeling programs Mandatory labeling requirements already in place: - European Union - California - Washington, DC - Austin, TX
Advanced Energy Guidance Over 250,000 guides in circulation 80 percent US, 8 percent Canada, 12 percent ROW DOE recently approved AEDG 50% Funding First Guide to be Small-Med Office Available for free download ww.ashrae.org/freeaedg
Performance Measurement Protocols Addresses the what, how and when of measurement Protocols for six performance categories: energy, water, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. Companion book focusing on best practices due out in June 2011 Developed with CIBSE and USGBC www.ashrae.org/bookstore