Slide 1 In-situ Remediation Lessons Learned John Sankey, P.Eng., True Blue Technologies, Long Beach, CA Vancouver, BC
Slide 2 In-situ Remediation Lessons Learned Introduction Case studies LNAPL Remediation using Surfactant Petroleum site remediation using bioremediation. DNAPL In-situ Chemical Reduction and Bioremediation Lessons Learned
Slide 3 Untreated Source Area Silt Permanganate Treated 1 st WBZ Sands 3
Page 4 Performance of source depletion technologies: Rebound $ $$ $$$ $$$$ From: McGuire et al, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation 26, 73 84, 2006. tersusenv.com Copyright 2014 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 5 Post-Permanganate Rebound 5
Page 6 Average source zone concentrations in groundwater before and after source remediation projects at 176 chlorinated solvent sites From: ESTCP Project 201120 (GSI Environmental). 2014-ITRC-Project-Proposal-Projecting- Remediation-Performance.pdf 07/07/2014 tersusenv.com Copyright 2014 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Case #1--North Carolina Air National Guard Using Surfactant Fuel oil, NAPL from several feet to a sheen Treated two 20 x 20 plots in a larger plume
Ground Water Food Surfactant Column Comparison Laundry Surfactant Designer blend tersusenv.com Copyright 2012 Tersus Environmental, LLC All rights reserved
GRO Breakthrough Curve 10000 Start Surfactant Inj 9000 Start Polymer Inj 8000 Conc mg/l 7000 6000 Water Flood Resume Water 5000 4000 3000 RWA1 mg/l RWA2 mg/l RWB1 mg/l RWB2 mg/l 2000 1000 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Time in Hours
Pictorial Breakthrough
Results 79% capture of injected fluids Removed 100 gallons of product in 3 days No more NAPL after
Slide 12 Case #2 Aerobic Bioremediation + + Potterville, MI BTEX Unsuccessful previous techniques vacuum oxygen bio-sparging bioaugmentation 7 surface applications from 2003 to 2005 (Drawing Modified from AFCEE and Wiedemeier)
Total BTEX (ug/l) Sulfate Concentrations Page 13 Click to edit Master title style Potterville Source Area Well OW-18 Sulfate Concentrations vs. BTEX Concentrations 45,000 Total BTEX Sulfate Application Sulfate Concentrations 1400 40,000 35,000 30,000 1200 1000 25,000 800 20,000 600 15,000 10,000 5,000 400 200 0 0 tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Date
Total BTEX (ug/l) Sulfate Concentrations Page 14 Click Potterville to edit Down Master Gradient title style Well 60,000 OW-4 Sulfate Concentrations vs. BTEX Concentrations Total BTEX Sulfate Application Sulfate Conc 1400 50,000 1200 40,000 1000 800 30,000 600 20,000 400 10,000 200 0 0 tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Date
Page 15 Click Potterville to edit Case Master Study title style Results Source area cleanup objectives achieved No permanent infrastructure No waste No O&M site visits or electrical usage tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 16 Case #3 DNAPL In-situ Chemical Reduction and Bioremediation + + (Drawing Modified from AFCEE and Wiedemeier)
Page 17 Click Case to Study edit Master Full Scale title style Full Scale in Florida TCE source area 75 by150 feet 20 acre dissolved plume 62,000 gallons of 10% EZVI Vegetable oil and KB-1 injected in the down gradient plume areas. tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Page 18 Click Case to Study edit Master Full Scale title style Baseline Results ~90% removal/destruction within one year >99% destruction to date 2.5 yrs Post EZVI Injection 3.5 yrs Post EZVI Injection tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 19 19 Lessons Learned Get the data Substrate ROI tool Specific Isotope Analysis Treatability studies Assess Microbe Populations Add enough stuff and the correct stuff Love your bugs (ph, enough contaminant, salinity, inhibitors)
Slide 20 High Resolution to Address Heterogeneity
Slide 21 Real Time Tracer Parameters P T C
Slide 22 22 Allocation of plume Method of degradation Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
Key Degradation Pathways in Bioaugmentation Cultures TFE 1,1,2,2-TeCA CFC-1113 Dhb 1,2-DCA CFC-123a 1,1,2-TCA Other, Dhb Dhc, Dhb, Dhg, Other, Dhb? VC Ethene Chlorofluorocarbon-113 Other, Dhc, Dhb Dhc Dhc Other, Dhc, Dhb cdce TCE Chloroform Dhb DCM PCE Dhb/Other Acetate/Formate CO 2 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA Dhb Dhb Dhc = Dehalococcoides = inhibition Dhb = Dehalobacter Dhg = Dehalogenimonas Other= Desulfitobacterium, Sulfurospirillum, Clostridium
Slide 24 In-situ Thermal Remediation Electrical Resistance Conductive ERH Shown at equal energy inputs 99.9999% 99.9% ISTD (thermal conduction heating) 200-325 C 99% VOC Reduction 95-105 C 30% 20-30 C ERH energy input causes a 99% reduction ISTD energy: (99.9999%+99.9%+30%)/3 = 77% average reduction
Slide 25 Boiling Temperature and Dalton s Law TCE 87 C PCE 121 C TCE/Water 73 C PCE/Water 88 C
TCE µg/l Continued Decline in Average TCE in GW 2 Years Post ERH Maywood, CA - 2008 12,000 11,500 10,000 9,450 8,000 6,000 4,000 1,767 4,330 99.6% average reduction 2,000 0 49 MW-19-90 403 68 MW-26-90 177 2 MW-27-90 20 1 RW-01-95 4 Monitoring Wells and Sample Depth (ft bgs) Inside ERH Treatment Area
hydrolysis half-life at ph 7 (days) Hydrolysis Rates of Selected Halogenated Alkanes 100.0 10.0 methylene chloride 1,2-DCA (EDC) 1.0 1,1-DCA carbon tetrachloride 1,2,-DBA (EDB) 1,3 dichloropropane 1,1,2,2 TeCA 1,1,1-TCA 0.1 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature ( C)
Slide 28 The Future 1. Less investigation, more remediation. 2. Emerging Contaminants. 3. Less technology breakthroughs, more tech refinement. 4. Vapor intrusion still major risk driver. 5. Continued focus on Green/Sustainable Remediation
Slide 29 Emerging Contaminants Evaluating scale and risk Drinking Water Standards and have effective remediation technologies PFCs PPCPs 1,4-Dioxane perchlorate CrVI PFCs: Perfluorinated Compounds CrVI: Hexavalent Chromium PPCPs: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
Slide 30 Summary--In-situ Remediation Source zones can be treated in place.quickly and guaranteed. Dissolved plumes can be treated in place. Can be very predictable if you reduce the potential pitfalls.
Slide 31 True Blue---We want to be a resource for you. Westbay