Business Process Modelling

Business Process Modelling

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Bernd Scholz-Reiter Eberhard Stickel (Eds.) Business Process Modelling With 117 Figures and 12 Tables, Springer

Professor Dr. Bernd Scholz-Reiter Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus Industrial Information Systems P. O. Box 101344 03013 Cottbus, Germany Professor Dr. Eberhard Stickel Europe University Viadrina Department of Information Systems P. O. Box 776 15207 Frankfurt/Oder, Germany Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Business process modelling I Bernd Scholz-Reiter; Eberhard Stickel (ed.). - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore; Tokyo: Springer, 1996 ISBN-13:978-3-642-80319-2 o-isbn-\3:978-3-642-80317-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-80317-8 NE: Scholz-Reiter, Bernd [Hrog., ISBN-13:978-3-642-80319-2 This work is subject to copyright. Al[ rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. @ Springer-Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1St edition 1996 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. SPIN 10551142-42-/2.2.02.-5 4 3 2. 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper

Preface Today information is considered to be a valuable company resource that has to be planned, coordinated and documented. Business processes need to be treated in the same way. Moreover, significant potential for improvement may lie in optimizing these processes. As a consequence information should be collected and suitably modelled and business processes need to be analyzed and redesigned. Business modelling usually deals with different views of a company. The data view is concerned with information structures, the functional view analyzes tasks and procedures, the process view links different functions by analyzing workflows and events triggering them, while the organizational view is concerned with the structure of the company under investigation. These views should not however be treated in an isolated manner. The key to success is to deal with the interaction between them. Hence, business modelling should provide an integrated view of all relevant informational, functional, organizational and workflow issues. One of the most significant problems results from the complexity of the modelling task. Modelling tools are required and are to be used in combination with other close methodologies and applications. Suitable generalizations and/or new methodologies need to be developed. Software Engineering Quality Management Pro cess Cost Analysis Data Modelling Workflow Management Warehouse Manufacturing Simulation Fig. 1: Application Areas in Interaction with Business Process Modelling

VI Improvement and optimization of business processes calls for methodologies to value existing processes and restructure steps. Classical capital budgeting techniques are not directly applicable since returns and expenses are usually difficult to calculate in monetary terms. Existing applications need to be combined in order to generate support to the whole workflow that is initiated. The goal of this book is to provide a forum for the exchange of new ideas in the field of business process modelling. The state of the art in business process modelling is reviewed, unsolved problems are identified and possible solutions are given. This volume is divided into the following chapters: l. Interaction between Business Process Modelling and Workflow Management 2. Business Process Modelling for Engineering Processes 3. Strategic Business Planning 4. Business Process Modelling - Experiences 5. Methodological and Technical Aspects of Business Process Modelling. In the first chapter Zukunft and Rump show how business process modelling can be used to derive workflow management concepts. Krallmann and Derszteler present an integrated approach to modelling, executing and monitoring workflowbased processes. Wieczerzycki's paper is also concerned with process modelling and workflow execution. Schmidt analyzes scheduling problems occurring in workflow management. Business process management systems are introduced by Karagiannis. The support of engineering processes using the World Wide Web is analyzed by Grabowski et al. in the second chapter. The product development process is an example of so-called open processes. Modelling issues, as well as a suitable tool for modelling product development processes are discussed by Berndes and Stanke. Scholz-Reiter and Bastian examine groupware-based collaboration for distributed modelling of manufacturing systems. Kamel and Lesca discuss Strategic Probe: A support-structured scanning information. Dietz and Mulder present a tool-supported method to realize strategic reengineering objectives. The fourth chapter is devoted to practical experiences. Janson and Wrycza investigate the role of information technology during macroeconomic transformations in Poland. Chaffey discusses the application of business modelling techniques in an office automation-based process improvement programme. The fifth chapter discusses methodological and technical issues of business process modelling. Yu investigates coordination-based approaches for modelling workflows. Rohloff presents an object-oriented approach. The reuse of reference process building blocks in business process reengineering is examined by Lang, Taumann and Bodendorf. Mehler-Bicher presents an architecture for a management support system that draws on object-orientation and business process

VII modelling techniques. Finally Giaglis and Paul discuss the use of simulation techniques for business process redesign. The editors would like to thank the members of the editorial committee and the numerous reviewers for their help in evaluating the high number of submissions for this volume. Cottbus, Frankfurt (Oder) - Germany July 1996 Bernd Scholz-Reiter, Eberhard Stickel Editorial Committee Dimitris Karagiannis (Austria) Guy Doumeingts (France) Otto Rauh (Germany) Bernd Scholz-Reiter (Germany) Elmar 1. Sinz (Germany) Eberhard Stickel (Germany) Wolffried Stucky (Germany)

Business Process Modelling Preface... v B. Scholz-Reiter, E. Stickel Part 1 Business Process Modelling and Workflow Management From Business Process Modelling to Workflow Management: An Integrated Approach... 3 O. Zukunft, F. Rump Workflow Management Cycle - An Integrated Approach to the Modelling, Execution, and Monitoring of Workflow-Based Processes... 23 H. Krallmann, G. Derszteler Process Modelling and Execution in Workflow Management Systems by Event- Driven Versioning... 43 W. Wieczerzycki Scheduling Models for Workflow Management..... 67 G. Schmidt Introduction to Business Process Management Systems Concepts... 81 D. Karagiannis, S. Junginger, R. Strobl

x Part 2 Business Process Modelling and Engineering Processes Implementation of Information Systems Supporting Engineering Processes Based on World Wide Web... 109 H. Grabowski, M. Furrer, D. Renner, C. Schmid Business Process Management for Open Processes: Method and Tool to Support Product Development Processes... 128 St. Bemdes, A. Stanke, K. Womer Distributed Co-operative Modelling of Production Systems... 147 B. Scholz-Reiter, D. Bastian Part 3 Strategic Business Planning A Proposal Approach for Strategic Probe: A Scanning Information Support... 175 K. Rouibah, H. Lesca Integrating the Strategic and Technical Approach to Business Process Engineering... 188 J. L. G. Dietz, H. B. F. Mulder Part 4 Business Process Modelling - Experiences Information Technology as an Enabler of Business Processes Designing During Macroeconomic Transformation... 207 M. A. Janson, St. Wrycza

XI Integration of IT Strategy, Process Analysis and System Implementation in an Office Automation Based Process Improvement Programme... 218 D. 1. Chaffey Part 5 Methodological and Technical Aspects of Business Process Modelling A Coordination-based Approach for Modelling Office Workflow... 235 L. Yu An Object Oriented Approach to Business Process Modelling... 251 M. Rohloff Business Process Reengineering with Reusable Reference Process Building Blocks... 265 K. Lang, W. Taumann, F. Bodendorf An Object-Oriented and Business Process-Based Meta Model of an Architecture for Management Support Systems... 291 A. Mehler-Bicher It's Time to Engineer Re-engineering: Investigating the Potential of Simulation Modelling for Business Process Redesign... 313 G. M. Giaglis, R. J. Paul