Productivity, Efficiency and Environmental compromise due to lack of mechanization in Pakistan

Productivity, Efficiency and Environmental compromise due to lack of mechanization in Pakistan

Food Security By Mansoor Rizvi Business Manager, Case NewHolland Industrial XX/XX/XX 2

FOOD SECURITY When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. XX/XX/XX 3

Reasons of Low Crop Yield Delayed Harvesting of Kharif Crops like cotton, sugarcane and rice. Late planting of wheat Non-availability of improved inputs like seeds. Inefficient fertilizer use. Weed infestation Shortage of water XX/XX/XX 4

Fertilizer The Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) which is mainly used for wheat crop is commonly replaced by urea (nitrogen) due to shortage of money which led to excessive green growth. XX/XX/XX 5

SEED Low yield in wheat is attributed (50%) to farmers as they prefer using their own produced seed ( wheat stored for their own consumption). The number of these farmers are significant. XX/XX/XX 6

MECHANIZATION The excessive use of Cultivator has been identified as the main culprit of soil deterioration. A mechanical pan is being created six inches down the surface making it almost impossible for roots to penetrate any deeper, thereby impeding the root development and nutritional uptake of the plant, with a consequent reduction in yield. XX/XX/XX 7

Storage Facilities??? Fruits and Vegetable: out of 13.674 million tons of fruits and vegetables produced annually, around 25% goes waste during storage. Wheat: Our requirement/production is average 22 million metric tons. The storage capacity stands at around 7 million tons. XX/XX/XX 8

Lets look at one of the issues!!! Pakistan needs immediate focus to evolve a strategy to provide New Combine Harvesters, to replace the existing old/used Combines to ensure food security, energy conservation and fodder utilisation, to Pakistani farmers. An alarming factor.. Why this is so URGENT and alarming????? 9

State of Combine Harvesters in Pakistan There are 4,984 Self propelled Combine Harvesters in Pakistan. (Ref: Bureau of Statistics, Govt. of Punjab) *for further calculations we have rounded this figure to 5000 combines 90% of the Combines are coming from Europe as scrap and then refurbished in Pakistan. (Ref: primary data collected by CNH) 10

Cropped Area by crop (Punjab) Total cropped area for Wheat = 6.9 million hectares (17.05 million acres) Total cropped area for Rice = 1.7 million hectares (4.3 million acres) Ref: 2011 statistical pocket book of the Punjab, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, pg. 69,70. 11

Mechanised Harvesting of Wheat Survey Conducted by CNH reveals: A Combine can harvest 400ha (~1000 acre) in a 12 hour day per season. 5000 (Combines) x 400 ha/season = 2.03 million ha (5 million acres. Wheat harvesting window is 30 days in a year 12

Mechanised Harvesting of Rice Survey Conducted by CNH reveals: A Combine can harvest 200ha (~500 acres) per 8 hours day per season. 5000 (Combines) x 200ha = 1.01 million hectares (approx.) (2.5 million acres) Rice harvesting window is 60 days in a year. 13

National Food Loss (Wheat & Rice) Old and refurbished Combines (as in the case of Pakistan ) cause an average grain loss of 12% or more compared to 3% (crop condition, land levelling/small plot size & low operators skills) from the new Combine.* As a result, the country faces a total food loss of $264,800,000 USD. *Personal Communication with Director of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Institute, Islamabad. * Primary data collected from farmers and agricultural department, Punjab. 14

National Food Loss (Wheat & Rice) Total Prod (kg) %loss due to old & refurbished machine Total food loss in kilograms Total food loss (PKR) (Total food loss * % loss) Total loss in USD (94PKR/US D) Wheat (28.132) PKR/kg) 5.2 billion 12 622 million 17.5 billion 186 million USD Rice (32.15 PKR/kg) 1.9 billion 12 230 million 7.4 billion 78.8 million Total: 264,800,000 15

Catastrophic Losses 1. Engine performance (fuel consumption) Due to the unavailability of proper engine overhaul facilities in the country it is assumed that there may be 10-15% loss in the refurbished engine efficiency. 2. Fodder losses Rental companies tend to leave about 10-12 inches of stubble on the ground to finish the job quickly. In addition even if they wanted to take their time the machines are not capable of providing a closer cut since their engines do not have enough power due to the unavailability of proper overhauling facilities. 16

Fodder losses in Wheat An average of 850 kg/acre of fodder is left uncut on the ground. Wheat straw chopper is used to cut the left over stubble from the field that finally gives an average yield of 850 kg/acre This has the potential to be sold at 5.35 PKR/kg However, due to a lack of proper equipment, 70% of the total fodder is burned and never utilized The total national loss of fodder due to lack of proper equipment is $169 million USD 17

Fodder losses in Wheat (Punjab) Average yield of fodder (tons/acre) Total Area Harvested by Combines (acres) Total fodder (tons) Fodder Losses % Un-utilized fodder Total fodder loss (tons) Price sold in market PKR/per ton Wheat 0.85 5,000,000 4,250,000 70 2,975,000 5350 Total Profit foregone (PKR) 15,916,250,000 Total Profit foregone (USD) 169,321,808 XX/XX/XX 18

Fodder loss in Rice 100 % of the stubble left on the ground after rice harvesting is completely burnt causing huge economic and environmental losses. 19

Mechanical Harvesting Attained By Pakistan. 28.5% of total Wheat cropped area is harvested Mechanically. 57% of total Rice cropped area is harvested Mechanically. There is an untapped market of 71.5% & 43% for wheat and rice respectively, which could be targeted in the near future. 20