Chapter 20 Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
FYI s Progress Reports Tests did NOT go on them in time if you want me to make a correction, I will Timeline turn in by Wednesday
A look ahead This week: Chapter 20 Discussions (Napoleon, Congress of Vienna, Romanticism) Ch 20 Project (Major grade) in Library Lab Thurs, Fri, Mon Next week: Final Review next Tues, Wed, Thurs We have the last final on Friday
FOCUS QUESTION How did Napoleon both preserve and depart from Revolutionary ideals?
Early Life Born in Corsica 1769 (Italian) Island had just been sold to France by the state of Genoa Born Napoleone Buonaparte Went to school and military school in France
Wife: Josephine 1763-1814
Napoleon s Rise to Power Earlier military career the Italian Campaigns: - 1796-1797 Defeated much larger Austrian army (Austria was part of the First Coalition against France)
Napoleon s Rise to Power Earlier military career the Egyptian Campaign: Napoleon was allowed to invade Britain He knew the naval fleet was not ready so he invaded Egypt instead
Egyptian Campaign (1798-99) Initial victories in Egypt Forces were stranded after naval fleet was destroyed by British (Battle of the Nile) Napoleon abandoned army to return to France
Battle of the Pyramids
Battle of the Nile
Europe in 1800
CONSULATE (1799-1804) Coup overthrows Directory November 9, 1799. Replaces it with a threemember consulate Napoleon is First Consul Dismissed Assembly - appointed a senate 1802- Consul for Life
The Government of the Consulate Council of State Proposed the laws. Served as a Cabinet & the highest court. Tribunate Debated laws, but did not vote on them. Legislature Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate them. Senate Had the right to review and veto legislation.
Reforms of the Consulate Banque de France Lycee
Concordat of 1801 Agreement between Pope Pius VI & Napoleon to make peace Napoleon didn t really care about religion saw it as a political tool Concordat terms: Catholicism was majority religion in France Clergy still paid by the state, bishops still appointed by state, but Pope could depose Church did not regain land lost during Revolution
Napoleonic Code (1804) Reflected the principles of the Revolution (equality, rights, abolition of feudalism) Reversed some revolution legislation, particularly concerning women (property, divorce, etc) Create one law code for France.
The Influence of the Napoleonic Code Wherever it was implemented (in the conquered territories), the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.
Louisiana Purchase 1803 Sold to raise funds for war
The Empire (1804-1815)
Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine, 1806 by David December 2, 1804
Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine, 1806 by David
Napoleon s Throne
Napoleon s Bed Chamber
Josephine s Bedroom
The Imperial Image
Neo-Classical Architecture Napoleon s Tomb
Napoleonic Europe
Napoleon s Major Military Campaigns Crowned King of Italy on May 6, 1805
Crossing the Alps, 1805 Paul Delaroche
Napoleon s Major Military Campaigns Battle of Trafalgar (1805) Napoleon s fleet is destroyed by the British
Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon s Major Military Campaigns Battle of Austerlitz (1805) Napoleon victory HRE dissolved Confederation of the Rhine created
Treaty of Tilsit (1807) Peace agreement between Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia Confirmed France s gains of territory throughout Central Europe Prussia lost half its territory to France Prussia s King Frederick William III agreed to ally with Napoleon against Great Britain (so did Russia, but secretly)
Napoleon s Family Rules! e e e e e e e Jerome Bonaparte - King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte - King of Spain Louise Bonaparte - King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte - Princess of Italy Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles (son) - King of Rome Elisa Bonaparte - Grand Duchess of Tuscany Caroline Bonaparte - Queen of Naples
Napoleon s Downfall The Continental System The Peninsular War Invasion of Russia
The Continental System (1806) Napoleon tried to blockade British ships/trade with Continental Europe Ultimately failed states resented growing French power
The Continental System
Napoleon s Divorce Statement (1807) Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.
Marie Louise (of Austria) - Married Napoleon in 1810 - Napoleon wanted an heir
Marie Louise (of Austria) with Napoleon s Son (Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)
Peninsular War (1807-1814) Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. France wanted Spain s support to invade Portugal (had been allies until that point) Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well (1808)
Peninsular War (1807-1814) Attempt to drive the French out of the peninsula Aided by the British and Spanish guerillas War ended when Paris was invaded and occupied in 1814
Napoleon s Empire in 1810
Napoleon in His Study 1812 by David
The Big Blunder - Russia In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia. Over the next six months, army wiped out by freezing temperatures, food shortages, disease Scorched Earth Russians would burn crops/countryside as they retreated (sometimes even cities)
Napoleon s Troops at the Gates of Moscow September 14, 1812
Moscow Is On Fire
Russian General Kutuzov Borodino
Napoleon s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
The 6 th Coalition 1813-1814: France vs. Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states
Napoleon s Defeat at Leipzig (October 16-17, 1813) Battle of the Nations Memorial
Napoleon Abdicates Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. Napoleon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. Napoleon abdicated again on April 11. Treaty of Fontainebleau exiles Napoleon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
Napoleon s Abdication
Napoleon in Exile on Elba
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) Takes power again in France
The Congress Of Vienna
The Hundred Days (March 20 - June 22 1815) Napoleon escapes Elba & returns to Paris Louis XVIII flees Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815)
Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena
St. Helena
Napoleon s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon in Exile
The Death of Napoleon
Napoleon s Tomb
The Arc de Triomphe Honors those who fought in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
The Congress of Vienna tomorrow