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Main Idea A New Kind of Revolution In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Content Statement 9/Learning Goal Analyze the social, political and economic effects of industrialization on Western Europe and the world. Easy terms: How did Industrialization impact society, government, and the economy?
The Industrial Revolution Ch 7-1 Vocabulary Section 1 Industrial Revolution: era when power driven machinery was developed enclosure movement: a process in Europe from 1700 s to mid 1800 s when land owners fenced small fields to create large farms. Allowed for more efficient farming methods *classroom example*: 30 individual farms or 1 big farm. factors of production: the basic resources for industrialization, such as land, labor and capital. cottage industry: a usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment factory: a place where goods are manufactured in mass quantity industrialization: developing industries for the production of goods. Process of changing to power driven machinery.
A Revolution in Great Britain The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Industrial Revolution- changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery in 1700 s. 1. Factors for Success p.236 1. Exploration and colonialism- England gained colonies to support need for raw materials 2. Sea power- Largest had most powerful navy in world. Import and export goods w/o fear. 3. Political stability- Stable leadership with King George II & III 4. Government support- Parliament passed business friendly laws to help business compete 5. Growth of private investment- Business funded experiments to develop new products
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The Columbian Industrial Revolution Exchange Page 85 Section 1
The Industrial Revolution 2. Agricultural Factors Section 1 1. Research and development on farms Jethro Tull, seed drill 2. Improved livestock breeding to raise healthier animals 3. Better varieties of food crops Potatoes Increased food supply Healthier people Population grew 4. Enclosure movement
The Industrial Revolution 3. Enclosure Movement Section 1 Enclosure Movement- Rich landowners fenced in property once shared by many farmers More efficient farming methods increases food supply Caused poverty, homelessness and rural depopulation Forced workers to cities or leave for America *classroom example*: 30 individual farms or 1 big farm
The Industrial Revolution 4. Britain s Big AdvantageSection 1 The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain due to political and economic success. Land- Natural resources Large amounts of coal for fuel and iron for steel Deep harbors, streams, rivers and canals were used to generate power and transport goods Labor- Growing workforce because of greater food supply Enclosure movement forced farmers to look for work Capital- funds needed for investment in a business Prosperous country with skilled labor
The Industrial Textile Revolution Industry- Started Industrial Revolution Section 1 Weaving was a cottage industry with labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this practice 5. New Way of Making Cloth: More Supply because of More Demand Enclosure converted farms to pastures for more sheep Fabric made of wool or cotton Cotton from British colonies increased fiber supplies (1700s) Inventions Increase Production Cotton gin-eli Whitney Spinning jenny-james Hargreaves Spinning frame-richard Arkwright Flying shuttle-john Kay Power loom-edmund Cartwright **Average person before Industrial Revolution only owned 1-2 shirts**
The 6. How Industrial did Revolution Britain s demand for cotton Section affect 1 the United States? The increased need and profits of cotton created a greater need for slave labor in the United States. Slavery had almost died in America until the cotton gin was developed. Took one person one day to clean one pound of cotton. With cotton gin the same person could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day.
7. Why did some people not like the arrival of machines? -Ended cottage industries- lost jobs -Child Labor - Coal mining disasters - Pollution p. 239 The children, boys and girls, earned their wages by drawing the coals in tubs along the galleries by means of a belt and chain, which passed around their waists. Many girls were thus employed, and after a time became crooked and deformed.
8.Steam Powers the Revolution The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Development of Steam Engine 9.Coal for Steam Engines 1 st working steam engine (1712) Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Factories move away from rivers/streams. Steam locomotives Steamships Robert Fulton Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry booms. By 1800, Great Britain produces 80% of Europe s coal. Changing landscapes mining, trains, smoke Factories settle in north near coal mines Dangers of mining
Why Western Countries? Political liberty Freedom to compete capitalism Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements 10.Industrialization Spreads America British restrictions: Didn t want ideas leaving Britain Hamilton wanted to bribe British to bring ideas to America Hamilton, 1791: wanted to build economy on industry Samuel Slater (Father of American Industry) Water frame: Stole Idea from Arkwright. Snuck out of country Slater s Mill /Lowell s Mill Europe Belgium, 1807 France, 1815 Germany, 1850 Railroads Treaties
Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. Japan first in 1868 Meiji government The 1900s industrialization for China India Russia