ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT POD - USER INFORMATION GUIDE & DATA SHEET Cluster and Small Community Safe Water Filtra4on unit SPOD www.skyjuice.org.au
A genuine gamechanger technology to meet the UN- SDG s challenge SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 About the SkyHydrant POD... 03 Assembling the SkyHydrant POD... 04 Installation of the SkyHydrant POD... 05 Commence Use of the SkyHydrant POD... 08 Cleaning the SkyHydrant POD... 09 Feed Water Suitability...11 Water Quality Maintenance... 13 Storage of the SkyHydrant POD 13 Performance Monitoring...14 10 Technical Data...15
ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT OVERVIEW AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS POD The POD is a multi function unit designed for small clusters in multiple configurations to produce safe drinking water without the need for process chemicals, power and consumables. 1 ABOUT THE SKYHYDRANT POD Did you know SkyHydrants are used for a wide range of applications and configurations to supply safe water to remote and rural communities. They can treat many of the commonly compromised sources of surface and ground water. The patented cleaning process ensures the system operates continuously using a simple manual clean procedure easily initiated by non-technical persons. from raw water supply Vent WALL MOUNT BRACKET RAW WATER SOURCES: The unique ultrafiltration process enables the SkyHydrant to directly produce quality safe drinking from various raw water sources using low water pressure (1-2 metres head) without complicated technical procedures. The World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies the ultrafiltration technology used in the SkyHydrant for virtual complete removal of pathogens, dirt and turbidity for potable water. The system is not designed to removes salts or chemicals and it always suggested to undertake a complete investigation and analysis of the proposed source water PATENTED SHAKE & FLUSH CLEANING: Regular cleaning is necessary and takes a minute to complete. It is essential to prevent the filter module becoming clogged. A handle is used to move the POD back and forth to shake clean the internal filter before flushing away the contaminants. UNIQUE FILTER MODULE: The SkyHydrant POD does not use chemicals or power for operation. It does not need to be accessed internally for cleaning. The PvdF module life is many years with correct cleaning and maintenance. HOW AND WHERE IT CAN BE USED: The SkyHydrant POD is positioned as a new disruptive technology for emerging markets that critically challenges traditional outdated notions. It Is positioned to flexibly fulfill UN-SDG s potable water emergency, NGO and community water needs. It empowers the users with options, such as fixed and mobile service scenarios, that are truly unlimited and wide ranging to BOP user groups. HANDLE Use to shake clean Ball valve to drainage to drinking taps SkyHydrantPOD TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Distributed off-grid SDG water supply Community and small-scale cluster systems Remote and rural water for developing users Small mobile safe water vendors (MWV s) Social entrepreneur - Safe Water Kiosks Emergency and temporary water supplies Clinics, schools and hospitals SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 3
2 GET STARTED : ASSEMBLING THE SKYHYDRANT POD Unpack the SkyHydrantPOD and remove plugs from each end and connect fittings as shown in The accompanying diagrams. Note: the filter module inside the SkyHydrantPOD must remain enclosed in a wet or moist environment to prevent dry out which would damage the module. UNPACK POD UNIT REMOVE PLUGS FROM EACH END CONNECT T1,T2,T3 & T4 Ball valve SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 4
3 INSTALLING THE SKYHYDRANT POD For fixed installations, select a secure undercover location sheltered from sun and rain. The site should include access to a disposal area for backwash water. Mobile vendors will have a portable dispenser rig. The SkyHydrant POD requires no power to operate. It relies on the flow of water from gravity or low pressure pump. Raw water flows with a typical water head pressure of between 2 metres and maximum 4 metres (20kPa to 40kPa or 3psi to 6psi). The fixed installations, proceed as follows: MOUNT ON WALL WITH WALL BRACKET Attach Wall Bracket or suspend the SkyHydrant POD from an overhead support Use fasteners to screw the wall bracket in position and mount the SkyHydrant POD. CONNECT HOSES Connect Plumbing Fittings All outlets use 15mm (1/2 ) BSP connectors and quick connect fittings. FULLY ASSEMBLED Setup Ancillary Connections Connect hoses and fittings to allow the SkyHydrant POD to function i.e. taps, pipes, tanks, pumps or other equipment. Screws from raw water supply Vent from raw water supply Vent WALL MOUNT BRACKET HANDLE Use to shake And clean WALL MOUNT BRACKET HANDLE Use to shake and clean WALL MOUNT BRACKET Ball valve Ball valve to drinking taps to drinking taps to drainage to drainage SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 5
CONVENTIONAL SKYHYDRANT SETUP OPTIONS A number of established setup options are available. A popular method is to utilise an existing water tankstand infrastructure and install the POD. If installing as new, then the usual option is to pump raw water (using mechanical or hand pump) to a header tank located on a 3 meter high tank-stand and allow The water to gravity feed through the SkyHydrant. Filtrate can flow directly to individual containers/users to be collected in a lower drinking water tank. (Suggestion is for a 1 meter high tank stand.) Note : For more information about setup see document: SkyHydrant Setup and Equipment Options. HEADER TANK FILTRATE TANK SHELTER SHED TAPS screened foot valve PUMP fuel, electric or hand pump TANK STAND PRE-FILTER optional (see notes) SKYHYDRANT ULTRAFILTRATION TANK STAND DRINKING WATER OUTLET RAW WATER SOURCE dam, river, stream, pond, lake or well Example of SkyHydrant Setup with Pump & Gravity Flow SKYHYDRANT EQUIPMENT OPTIONS FOR CLUSTER INSTALLATIONS For more information see document: SkyHydrant Setup and Equipment Options. SkyHydrants may need to be configured with additional equipment and components to operate. The actual type of equipment needed depends on the intended application, context and available local resources When planning a large capacity SkyHydrant POD installation, the following should be considered: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Water Pressure: Water Levels: Pre-filter Devices: Post-filtration Treatment: Fittings & Components: Avoiding excessive pressure, which may damage the SkyHydrant. Keeping water tanks full without overflowing. Try to avoid clogging SkyHydrants or other equipment with contaminants. Further water treatment may be needed in some cases. Typical Ancillaries needed ie, water pipes, hoses, connectors, tanks, pump, etc. Overall design configurations are outlined in more detail below: 1) Controlling Water Pressure SkyHydrants are designed to operate on low differential water pressure not exceeding 30 kpa this prevents the SkyHydrant filter fibres being damaged. Under low water pressure conditions, contaminants build up as a biofilm layer around the individual filter fibres. This can be easily removed during the shake & clean process. Higher feed pressure should be avoided as contaminants may lodge stuck in the filter fibers, eventually blocking water flow and damaging the unit. Water pressure can be controlled by a gravity flow system or by using a pressure control device (PCD). Gravity flow is always recommended and is a simple and consistent method to control feed pressure through the POD. Also adjusting the pipe inlet and outlet height is an effective means of controlling the water pressure. The following diagram details the recommended maximum gravity flow water pressures when constructing a POD Mini Kiosk, Safe Water Kiosk or a semi permanent installation. Mobile Water Vendor (MVW) POD installations will most likely not require a filtrate storage tank and direct fill into containers. There are numerous arrangements and configurations for MWV users. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 6 SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 6
MAXIMUM OPERATING WATER PRESSURE HEADER TANK water level MAXIMUM PRESSURE HEAD APPROXIMATELY 10 METRES MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL WATER PRESSURE APPROXIMATELY FILTRATE TANK 3 METRES water level WATER INLET TO DRINKING WATER TAPS SKYHYDRANT POD SKYHYDRANT ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT 2) Water Level Control Devices Water level control device allows water tanks to be maintained full of water, preventing tank overflow and saving water wastage. Various water level controllers include float valves float switches or a simple overflow system. Float Valve Example of a float valve: Example of a Disc filter 4) Post-Filtration And Treatment Devices 3) Pre-Filter Devices SkyHydrants will not remove chemicals or minerals from water, which simply pass through the system. Should these types of contaminates need to be removed, post treatment devices are available. Various types of post-filtration treatments include carbon (GAC) filters, water softeners, ultraviolet treatment, RO systems and chlorinators It is always suggested to consider Pre-filters to remove excessive contaminants from raw supply water with very high turbidity loadings It is sensible to consider a low maintenance robust design by reduce contaminant loading on the SkyHydrant and other equipment. A pre-filter would be installed prior to a SkyHydrant or prior to other equipment. Various types of pre-filters are available including cartridge and pleated filters, screen filters, disc filters and media filters..example of a carbon (GAC) filter: SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 7
4 COMMENCE USING THE SKYHYDRANT POD Before start up, water pipes and equipment should be flushed with a chlorine solution to eliminate contamination. See Section 7 Water Quality Maintenance" for amount of chlorine to use. 1. Fill the Unit with Water Open T1 Dirty Water In and T4 Vent. Wait until water flushes out T4 and Close T4 Vent. 2. Produce Drinking Water Open T3 Clean Water Out to commence the flow of drinking water. from raw water supply Vent WALL MOUNT BRACKET HANDLE Use to shake clean Ball valve to drinking taps to drainage SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 8
5 CLEANING THE SKYHYDRANT POD To prevent the POD from becoming clogged, regular cleaning is essential. The cleaning process is easy and involves two processes as outlined below: Shake & Flush: undertaken daily; and Solution Cleaning: undertaken monthly. SHAKE & FLUSH CLEANING (Undertake Daily Or More Often If Needed) Shake the POD back and forth using the handle on the side of the unit. Next, flush out the dirty contaminates while continue shaking. Undertake this at least once a day or more often as necessary to maintain the correct flow of drinking water. M1 M2 Close all valves. At this time the POD should be full of water. Shake the POD back and forth using the Cleaning Handle on the side of the unit for about 30 seconds. This movement cleans the filter module inside the unit. Wall bracket M3 Flush the POD by opening T4 VENT and T2 BACKWASH OUT and continue Shaking the POD until water flowing from T2 BACKWASH OUT. After this close T2. HANDLE Move handle back and forth to shake the POD which cleans the filter module inside Note: to be sure the POD has been correctly cleaned, the colour of water flowing from T2 during backwash should be the same colour as water flowing into T1. If this is not apparent then refill the POD and repeat the shake and flush process. M4 The Manual Cleaning Procedure is now complete. Open T4 VENT until water flows out and close T4. Open T3 CLEAN WATER OUT to resume flow of drinking water. SHAKE BACK AND FORTH Open T1 Backwash Out and T4 Vent to flush the POD while continuing the shaking movement SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 9
SOLUTION CLEANING (Undertake monthly or as often as needed) Solution cleaning removes accumulated organic matter and other contaminants not removed by the regular manual cleaning. Follow the process below: SOLUTION CLEANING USING CHLORINE Undertake monthly (or as necessary) Chlorine is used to remove deposits of organic matter form inside the filtration unit. Prepare a chlorine solution in a jug of water (about 500ml) and stir until dissolved. See table below for amount of chlorine to add. This should create a 0.2% chlorine solution inside the filter housing. The chlorine manufacturer will state the chlorine concentration on the label, this will determine how much chlorine to add using the information below: CHLORINE Chlorine powder with 65% available chlorine (700g/kg of chlorine) Chlorine powder with 55% available chlorine (550g/kg of chlorine) Chlorine powder with 35% available chlorine (350g/kg of chlorine) Chlorine powder with 25% available chlorine (250g/kg of chlorine) Liquid chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite) with 12% available chlorine SKYHYDRANT:POD 1 teaspoon 2 teaspoon 3 teaspoon 4 teaspoon 70ml Follow steps C1 to C5 below: C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Undertake Steps M1 to M3 of the SHAKE & FLUSH (listed on previous page). Close T1 DIRTY WATER IN and open T4 VENT. Note: the POD at this time should be empty of water. Open tap T5 SOLUTION and use a funnel to add the solution mixture, close tap T5-SOLUTION. Open taps T1 DIRTY WATER IN and allow the unit to fill with water and immediately close T4 VENT when water spills out. Close T1 DIRTY WATER IN and leave to soak for 4 hours or longer. After soaking carry out SHAKE & FLUSH, follow Steps M1 to M4. On completion the unit is ready to be returned back to producing drinking water again. SOLUTION CLEANING USING CITRIC ACID Undertake every 6 months Citric acid is used to remove inorganic materials such as iron and manganese deposits from inside the filtration unit. Prepare a Citric Acid solution in a jug of water (about 500ml) and stir until dissolved. CITRIC ACID SOLUTION Fine Granular Citric Acid SKYHYDRANT:POD 180 gms STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 Complete a SOLUTION CLEAN USING CHLORINE (as above) and flush the unit with water when complete. Undertake steps C2 and C3 (as above) but use Citric Acid powder instead of chlorine in STEP 2. Complete steps C4 to C5 (as above), however in step C4 leave the citric acid to soak for 12 hours (not 4 hours). This procedure is now complete. IMPORTANT: Safe Use of Chemicals: Follow manufacturer s safety instructions. Avoid contact with skin and wear protective gloves, eyeglasses and clothing. Do not inhale fumes. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 10
6 FEED WATER SUITABILITY Not all water is suitable for filtering through SkyHydrant ultrafiltration units (UF) and testing for unsuitable contaminants should be undertaken before use. YES Effective removal of diseases Biological contaminants and pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, cysts, parasites significantly removed. (LRV4+ removal) YES Turbidity Removed Turbidity and dirt significantly removed from water. NO Chemicals NOT Removed Salt or dissolved chemicals and minerals are not removed from water. ULTRAFILTRATION INFORMATION This patented low-pressure ultrafiltration technology has been proven and validated for drinking water applications. It is used extensively in municipal drinking water applications Low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane technology is highly effective in removing all non-dissolved species in feed waters. Ultrafiltration is classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO)* as effective removal of disease causing pathogens and exceeds requirements for key criteria to produce safe drinking water. However, it is important to test the water and validate the composition of the feed water. Please refer to the Technical Bulletins and Specifications to obtain specific information on Performance. Ultrafiltration (to 0.04um nominal) WILL REMOVE pathogens (disease causing organisms) and turbidity (dirt): 1. PATHOGENS removed (to log reduction value >4) by ultrafiltration include: Bacteria Protozoa Cysts Helminths Total Coliform TC Total Coliform FC Ecoli Virus (significantly reduces virus levels) 2. TURBIDITY (NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units) is removed by ultra-filtration to levels below <0.1 NTU. Turbid water contains suspended matter such as clay, slit, fine fragments of organic matter, and similar material. TURBIDITY levels of up to 1000 NTU can be removed however levels below 500 NTU are preferred. 3. TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) will be removed. TSS is similar to turbidity. 4. IRON AND MANGANESE if first oxidised or if colloidal can be removed by ultrafiltration. 5. ARSENIC MANGANESE if first oxidised can be removed by ultra iltration. * The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that ultrafiltration provides complete removal of bacteria and and viruses (disease causing pathogens) as outlined in WHO document GUIDELINES FOR DRINKG WATER QUALITY under Treatment Process as referenced in the WHO website. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 11
Ultrafiltration (to 0.04um nominal) WILL NOT REMOVE chemicals or minerals or salinity (salt) from water: Note: mg/l (milligrams per litre) also equals ppm (parts per million); WHO (World Health Organisation) 1. Chemicals not removed by ultrafiltration include: Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper Cyanide Fluoride Lead Mercury Nickel Nitrate Nitrite Sulphate (unless first oxidised) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.01 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.003 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.05 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 2.0 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.07 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - 1.5 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.01 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.006 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 0.07 mg/l) (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 50 ml/l as NO3) (WHO safe drinking standard - 3 mg/l as NO2) (Safe Drinking Levels: 250 mg/l but up to 500mg/L can be tolerated 2. Minerals (hardness) is not removed by ultrafiltration, and includes: Total Hardness, hard water is mainly calcium and magnesium and is not considered a health risk but can be unpleasant to taste and cause a build up of scale in pipes (WHO safe drinking standard-max 500 mg/l) Calcium, Carbonate (WHO safe drinking standard- Max 250 mg/l) Iron and Manganese (unless first oxidised) (WHO safe drinking standard- 0.4 mg/l; Note: exceeding this level is not unsafe but is unpleasant to taste - max 1.0 mg/l) Magnesium (WHO safe drinking standard- Max 150 mg/l) 3. Salinity and salts are not removed by ultrafiltration include: Salinity (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 250 mg/l) Chloride and Sodium (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 600 mg/l) Conductivity (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 2000 us/cm) 4. Total dissolved solids (TDS) cannot be successfully removed by ultrafiltration: TDS (WHO safe drinking standard - Max 1000 mg/l) TDS contain a wide range of substances including organic and inorganic (chemicals) 5. Unpleasant tastes are not successfully removed in most cases using ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration will have NO direct effect on ph levels: ph Scale (WHO safe drinking standard 6.5 9.0) Total Alkalinity (WHO safe drinking standard max 500) ph levels are not considered a health issue but may cause corrosion or encrustation of plumbing fittings and pipes. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 12
7 WATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE To maintain filtered water in good condition it is recommended to undertake further treatment as well as regular maintenance. This will prevent post contamination. KEEP WATER PIPES AND CONTAINERS CLEAN Use a chlorine solution to sanitise and eliminate any residual post contamination, which may spread Disease in water pipes, drinking containers, hoses, taps, and other equipment. Use a 0.1% (1,000 ppm) chlorine solution (add approximately 1 teaspoon of chlorine powder to 5 litres of water) and flush Through pipes or wash drinking water containers. It is also recommended to regularly flush a chlorinated solution through the SkyHydrant together With drinking water hoses and pipes to eliminate any post contamination. PREVENT POST CONTAMINATION OF DRINKING WATER TANKS To maintain water quality it is good practice to regularly disinfect drinking water tanks and water pipes by adding a small amount of chlorine to prevent the growth of unwanted organisms and pathogens in The stored water. To achieve this, as a guide add about 3/4 teaspoon of chlorine powder (at 65% available chlorine) or 1½ teaspoons of chlorine powder (at 35% available chlorine) for every 1,000-litres of tank water. First, mix the chlorine in a small bucket of water to make a solution before adding the chlorine solution to the tank. It is recommended to use a water testing kit to maintain a free residual chlorine level of between 0.2 to 0.5 milligrams per litre (mg/l) which is equivalent to 2 to 5 parts per million (ppm). Water should be tested regularly to maintain the chlorine levels and make adjustments as necessary. 8 LONG TERM STORAGE OF THE SKYHYDRANT POD When the SkyHydrant POD is placed into storage for future use, it is essential that the filter fibres must remain wet and moist at all time to prevent permanent damage. It is stored in a very mild chlorine Solution. This controls growth of bacteria, as well eliminating fibres from drying out. When placing the ultrafiltration unit into storage: Undertake a chemical clean and leave at least 1 litre of clean water inside the unit (or preferably leave the unit full of clean water with 5 to 10ppm chlorine) to maintain a wet environment. Turn all valves off before placing the unit into storage. Do not store in conditions below freezing. After storage undertake a chemical clean to restore the filter module back to normal operation condition. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 13
9 PERFORMANCE MONITORING At start up it is recommended the flow rate of the SkyHydrant:POD be measured and recorded. This will determine if the flow rate decreases in the future. To undertake this procedure, allow water to flow into T1 (dirty water in) from a measured height (say 2 metres) and use a stopwatch to time how long it takes to fill a measured bucket of water (say 10 litres) out of T3 (clean water out). On a regular basis repeat this procedure. If the flow rate decreases it may indicate more frequent cleaning of the ultrafiltration unit be undertaken. Over the lifetime of the ultrafiltration unit there will be a natural loss of flow due to ageing of the filter fibres. OPERATION LOG SHEETS It is good practice to keep a daily operational log-sheet (see Log Sheet on the last page) to record drinking water production flow rates and when cleaning procedures were undertaken. TIME DATE DRINKING MANUAL WATER CLEANING PRODUCTION UNDERTAKEN CHEMICAL CLEANING UNDERTAKEN AMOUNT CHLORINE USED OTHER INFORMATION OR NOTES SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 14
10 TECHNICAL DATA - SKYHYDRANT Typical Application Filtration of potable non-saline surface water or groundwater for communities. Not suitable for use with seawater or brackish water or other water sources containing contaminants such as heavy metals. Model S-POD Nominal 5,000 litres per day Typical Feed Inlet Pressure Range for Gravity Feed Maximum Housing Operating Pressure Membrane Module Details Materials of Construction: Module Housing Assembly Valves Seals and Gaskets Pipe and Fittings Filter Mode Operation Feed Pre-Screen Mesh Size Recommended Max. Recommended Feed Turbidity Filtered Water Turbidity Typical Log Reduction Value Operating Feed Temperature Range Temperature Range for Tansportation and Storage Feed ph Range Allowable ph Range for Cleaning 1 metres to 4 metres head pressure 100kPa MEMCOR membrane filtration module polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibre ultrafiltration membrane with nominal pore size 0.04µm. Food grade polyethylene (PE) Various including PVC and PP EPDM typical Various including PE, ABS, Nylon and PVC Pressurised outside to inside filtration 500µm or finer 50 NTU < 0.1 NTU > 4 LRV (for particles 2 to 5µm) > 0 to 35 C ( > 32 to 95oF) > 0 to 35 C ( > 32 to 95oF) Note: The unit must not be allowed to freeze 6.0 to 9.0 ph Note: not recommended in feeds below 6.5 ph 2 to 10 ph typical Waste Water Volume Per Backwash Backwash Typical Target Chlorine Concentration During a Chlorine Clean Typical Target Acid Concentration During an Acid Clean Weight and Dimensions Recommended Installation Location Approximately 2.5 litres Gravity drain waste outlet with Mechanical Agitation and or shake 300 to 500mg/L / 300 to 500ppm 2.0 to 2.2pH (not less than 2.0pH) using Citric Acid Powder H: 77 cm x D: 20 cm x W: 28 cm <> Dry weight :10 Kgs Installed under cover with protection from direct sunlight and rainfall 1 Feed water quality will affect production capacity. 2 Unscreened or coarsely screened raw water may reduce membrane operating life. 3 Capacity and backwashing/cleaning frequency will typically vary with feed turbidity. SKYHYDRANT POD - USER GUIDE & DATA SHEET 15
Patented Product of Australia Tel +61 438 880 621 info@skyjuice.org.au SkyHydrant is a registered trademark of SkyJuice Foundation Inc. REGISTERED INTERNATIONAL PATENT The information provided in this literature contains indicative general descriptions and characteristics of performance. The actual performance may vary so this information is only indicative. SkyJuice may change and or alter this product as a result of further development. SkyJuice makes no warranty or claims on suitability of feedwater and complete compliance to WHO standards. Users make must make their own independent enquiries and be satisfied with feedwater suitability. This obligation is NOT passed to SkyJuice. An obligation to provide the respective characteristics shall only exist if specifically and expressly agreed in the terms of the contract. Please refer to SkyJuice terms and conditions of sale for obligations and warranty