Reseach on Atomatic Iigation Algoithm of Stawbey Geenhose Based on PLC Wang Jianln *, Wang Shting, Chen Jiansh, Li Hao, and X Dongbo College of Infomation and Electical Engineeing, China Agicltal Univesity, Beijing 100083, P.R. China wangjianln@ca.ed.cn Abstact. In ode to ealize efficient wate-saving iigation of stawbey geenhose in pecision agiclte, the pape poposed an atomatic iigation algoithm based on fzzy compehensive evalation iigation based on PLC and the configation softwae, and bild a emote contol system. By measing the geenhose soil paametes and stawbey soil moiste data to detemine the ppe and lowe limits of iigation and set bied position of moiste sensos. Use fzzy compehensive evalation method to handle mlti-senso data, and develop an atomatic iigation contol algoithm that depends on the stawbey iigation system. Set p a C / S mode of atomatic iigation contol system thogh the 3G netwok and the emote compte. The expeimental eslts show that the algoithm is easonable and eliable, and can be well adapted to the stawbey geenhose. The atomatic iigations meet the steady demands fo eal-time pefomance and high scalability. The iigation atomation of stawbey geenhose povides a theoetical and pactical basis fo intelligent iigation of stawbey geenhose. Keywods: Stawbey geenhose, Iigation Contol, Fzzy Compehensive Evalation, Pogammable Logic Contolle. 1 Intodction Stawbey is a ntitios and high economic vale cop, adaptability, with advantages of stong adaptability, pecocity fiting, shot-tem gowth cycle, and consideable benefits. Since 1980s, the stawbey indsty has expanded apidly in China, and its cltivated aea and otpt also expanded to a geat extent, as the divesification of its cltivated fom. Althogh the stawbey podction in China anks fist in the wold, the podction management level is still vey limited, especially the fetilization iigation management, which esticts the economic vale of the stawbey seveely in its gowing pocess. Thee is no dobt that it s effective to impove facility agiclte of stawbey geenhose to pomote stawbey wate-saving iigation. * Coesponding atho. D. Li and Y. Chen (Eds.): CCTA 2013, Pat I, IFIP AICT 419, pp. 41 51, 2014. IFIP Intenational Fedeation fo Infomation Pocessing 2014
42 J. Wang et al. Wang Jian[1] and othes popose that the implementation of stawbeies facilities development of dip fetilization can significantly incease the podction of stawbeies; Wang Lingxiang [2] hold the point that stawbey fetilize management is effective and feasible nde clay planting conditions by sing dip iigation and semi-matix iigation manne. As fo the atomated management of iigation, Kang Qiming[3] and othes design a set of wate-saving iigation atomatic contol system, which incldes moiste content of the plant iigation theshold to ealize the atomatic iigation system. Accoding to low levels of iigation management in the pesent development of stawbey podction, a sitable oganic stawbey geenhose iigation algoithm is poposed based on the stawbey iigation theshold, and it can be achieved by sing Wi-Fi technology, 3G netwok and emote seve. The atomatic contol system can monito the eal-time sitation emotely, collect senso data and even send iigation demands, which povide theoetical and pactical expeience fo the sstainable development of the oganic stawbey geenhose podction. 2 Stawbey Geenhose Envionment 2.1 Geenhose Envionment The expeiment is condcted in oganic stawbey geenhose on Shangzhang Town, Haidian Distict, Beijing, which located in noth latitde 40Î08 ', east longitde 116Î22', and belongs to the tempeate hmid monsoon climate zone, with climates of cold and dy in winte, Sping and Atmn-aid, mch ain in smme while the pevalence of the nothwestely wind is blowing. The stawbey vaiety in this stdy is called HongYan, with high yield and big fits. Dip iigation is applied in stawbey geenhose, and the clted soil mainly consists of peat soil, vemiclite and clay. This kind of soil incldes favoable pemeability, wate etention and ich mlti-ntient content, even the soil tempeate change is slow. The clte idge shape is tapezoidal, and its width ae 30 and 50cm espectively, with idge height 30cm. Iigation in plastic film geenhoses is seldom affected.the length of stawbey geenhose is 80m,and height 7m. Stawbey can be planted once evey yea in this geenhose. The idge distance in planting specifications is 80cm, spacing is 20cm, and the dippe spacing is 20 cm. Each idge aanged a dip tape, with emitte flow ate at 1.1 L / h. Use the ctting ing method to test the soil blk density and field capacity, calclation fomla as follows: W = (1) V In the fomla soil blk density (g/cm 3 ); W the soil qality in cicla knife afte dying (g); V cicla knife volme (cm 3 ).
Reseach on Atomatic Iigation Algoithm of Stawbey Geenhose Based on PLC 43 Fomla fo calclating the of the field capacity as follows: M 2 M1 l = 100 (2) M1 In the fomla l Soil field capacity (%); M 1 mass of dy soil in cicla knife (g); M 2 mass of moist soil in cicla knife (g). Repeat the test at least thee times and take an aveage of vale as the final eslt. Becase of the soil that consists of peat soil, vemiclite and clay is nifomly mixed befoe planting, the soil blk density and field capacity ae basically the same, with aveage vale of 1.03 g/cm 3 and 50.72% espectively. 2.2 The Iigation Uppe and Lowe Limits A. The soil pofile and hmidity data The distibtion of geenhose stawbey oots is mainly in 0~25cm in the test, so this ange of soil moiste can be sed as contol meases. Taking delay of the penetation of moiste into accont, the mean vale of paametes meased at diffeent developmental stages befoe iigation is needed to make the ppe and lowe contol limits. Accoding to the statistical data in the test, iigation limit is developed depends on the mean of the whole soil pofile fom the expeimental data. Table 1. Statistics pe-iigation soil moiste data / (m 3 / m 3 ) depth 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Vale 15cm 0.235 0.217 0.206 0.204 0.212 0.245 0.255 0.249 0.255 0.238 0.235 25cm 0.261 0.246 0.235 0.241 0.264 0.275 0.241 0.237 0.263 0.254 0.250 Aveage field capacity of the soil in the geenhose is 50.72%, the soil moiste capacity is stong and neasy to evapoate de to the coveed film. In ode to ense the fits gowth ise speio to the plant gowth, the hmidity in the geenhose mst be easonable. Accoding to the eslts in Table 2-6, set the mean lowe iigation as 0.235m 3 /m 3 and 0.250m 3 /m 3 in the iigation algoithm. The ppe limit is 1 in theoy, bt ding the actal iigation pocess, the maximm is 80% field capacity at most, and it seldom happens, so set the ppe limit as 0.330m 3 /m 3,which takes 65% of the field capacity. B. Sensos bied position Since the cltivation fomlation soil in geenhose is mixed with diffeent ingedients, oganic matte mix neven may occ in an individal case. So the test needs to collect mch data of seveal iigation pocesses and the satated soil layes pofile data
44 J. Wang et al..calclate the mean of each laye and its oveall mean fo compaison, eflecting the mean vale of abot 15cm is typical of the mean of the entie ange of the closest. Thogh this position can eflect the oveall soil moiste, it s teated as the best laying position fo senso. In addition, becase of the geenhose cltivation soil at abot 25cm deep is the bode of the fomlation soil and clay; it is sed to by anothe hmidity senso. The two positions can detemine iigated conditions accately. 3 Atomatic Iigation Fzzy Contol Algoithm Becase of majo factos sch as the tempeate and hmidity can t be defined entiely by mathematical model, the fzzy contol algoithm that combined qalitative analysis and qantitative analysis is poposed in this aticle to make the atomatic iigation contol algoithm. Fzzy compehensive evalation eslts ae sed as hmidity senso otpt, and ltimately decision making depends on membeship eslts. 3.1 Fzzy Compehensive Evalation The fzzy compehensive evalation is based on fzzy mathematics, which povides integated soltions to specific pactical poblems. Fzzy compehensive evalation is based on fzzy math actally, and accoding to fzzy elation pinciples of synthesis of the coesponding, sitations of the bonday is not clea and is not easy to qantitative deteminants can be evalated. Evalation objects can be evalated fom seveal factos by sing compehensive evalation. Compehensive evalation can get non-negative eal nmbes on each object accoding to the given conditions, jdging indexes can also be soted meit. Fig. 1. Fzzy compehensive evalation steps
Reseach on Atomatic Iigation Algoithm of Stawbey Geenhose Based on PLC 45 In geenhose iigation contol pocess, the need fo iigation is mainly decided by factos sch as in-sit soil moiste and tempeate in stawbey geenhose. Tempeate indoo is sed to as pecondition of whethe it s sitable to stat iigation, bt specifically when to stat iigation is eqied fom analysis of soil moiste senso data. Fo data fsion of mltiple sensos, this pape sed fzzy compehensive evalation method fo analysis. Fig. 2. Schematic basic model of fzzy compehensive evalation Fzzy elation matix element is set as a fzzy convete, and each set of inpt and otpt weight vecto coespond its evalation eslts. The basic model is shown in Fig 2. 3.2 The Fzzy Compehensive Evalation Calclation Fist, establish evalation factos. This evalation factos set all of the hmidity vales, and distibted at diffeent distances at diffeent depths. Eight senso vale integated decision-making has a vey good epesentation. Facto set matix as follows U = 11 21 12 22 Fom 11 to 24 coespond to the sensos 1 to 8, epesents espectively fo sensos at 15cm and fo sensos at 25cm. Secondly, establish fzzy elationship matix of 8 hmidity sensos, the matix as follows 13 23 14 24 (3) R = 11 21 12 22 13 23 14 24 (4) Whee 11 to 24 espectively coespond to the atio of the meased vales and the theshold vale. Based on analysis of the hmidity data, set iigation lowe limit at 15cm, 25cm iigation limit as and,the meased vales ae 0.235 m 3 /m 3 and 0.250 m 3 /m 3, then l10 l20 (5)
46 J. Wang et al. (6) Next, establish the weight set. A easonable weight vale fo the fzzy compehensive evalation eslt has geat inflence on the finally eslts. In the evalation system, becase of fnctions of seveity of diffeent factos on the ltimate goals is diffeent, the weight becomes the impotant infomation in evalation pocess. It s necessay to conside its impotance and identify its scale facto. Commonly thee ae many methods sed to detemine the weight, fo example, the Delphi method with qalitative nate, pincipal component analysis with qantitative analysis method, and qalitative and qantitative analysis method. Based on pactical iigation expeience, weight of the hmidity senso data is detemined sbjectively. In actal geenhose soil envionment, the sensos at diffeent depth locate in vetical position.since the lowe senso is inseted in the jnction of fomlation soil and clay, and the hmidity changes slowly nde nomal cicmstances. Accoding to the pofessional expeience of plantes and the actal meased data, weights of the ppe and lowe sensos ae espectively 0.7 and 0.3. Expessed as [ a ] [ 0.7 0.3] A = a 11 12 = Finally, execte fzzy compehensive evalation. Facto set to eview set fzzy tansfomation is ealized by the fzzy elation matix, evalation eslts can be get by the coesponding weight vecto of inpt facto. The fzzy opeato sed in this pape contains the most infomation, as follows B = AR = = [ a a ] [ b b b b ] 11 12 11 13 12 14 Select the maximm membeship degee method to deteminate the evalation eslts. Accodingly, the lowe limit is sed to decide whethe to begin iigation. Compae max( b 1 j ) with 1. If max( b 1 j ) > 1, thee is no need to iigate; If max( b 1 j ) 1, then need to begin iigate immediately. Similaly, based on the iigation ppe limit to decide whethe to stop iigation. 11 21 12 22 13 23 14 24 (7) (8) (9) (10)
Reseach on Atomatic Iigation Algoithm of Stawbey Geenhose Based on PLC 47 Compae max(b1 j ) with 1 to decide whethe to stop iigation. If max(b1 j ) > 1, then stop iigation; If max(b1 j ) 1, then contine iigation. 3.3 Atomatic Iigation Contol Algoithm The entie basic idea fzzy of contol algoithm is: PC machine collects hmidity data fo fzzy compehensive evalation, and the otpt is sent to PLC; accoding to the iigation expeience, set a fixed iigation cycle with PLC, which begin iigation cycle afte planting. Ai tempeate of the geenhose is taken as the pemise of iigation. Only ai tempeate is within the allowable ange, can iigation opeations can be exected. In the fixed iigation peiod, execte iigation opeations eglaly; otside the iigation cycle, iigation decision abot whethe to stop iigation and iigation mainly depends on the senso data. Set the maximm iigation time as 3h, which is pio to the hmidity data to stop iigation. Fig. 3. Atomatic iigation algoithm flowchat 4 Realize Atomatic Iigation Contol Algoithm Based on stdy of geenhose stawbey and soil pofile data, this pape sms p an atomatic iigation algoithm that sits the geenhose, which makes decisions by the feedback sensos data. The algoithm is based on PLC and configation softwae to implement. Field opeations can be contolled by PLC pogam, and the emote contol can ely on the configation softwae. Compte sends instctions to opeate the actato, to adjst the soil moiste to keep it sitable fo stawbey gowth.
48 J. Wang et al. 4.1 Fzzy Contol Algoithm Based on PLC PLC mainly is sed in the scene contol and get data fom PC to make jdgments based on atomatic iigation algoithm to decide whethe begin o stop iigation. Inpt pot of the contol system inclde sch as solenoid valve A switch btton (X10), the solenoid valve B switch btton (X11), the pmp switch btton (X12), the system manal/atomatic btton (X13/X15); otpt device of the contol system inclde sch as solenoid valve A(Y14), solenoid valve B (Y15), and the total pmp (Y16), system alam display (Y17).Beside, data incldes hmidity senso and tempeate senso data. PLC can also complete iigation time setting. Fig.4 is the flow chat of a PLC-based atomatic iigation contol algoithm. Fig. 4. Flow chat of atomatic iigation contol algoithm based on PLC 4.2 Atomatic Iigation Contol System Stcte The system configation in contol pocess is shown in Fig.5. System is composed with the cental monitoing compte, a pogammable logic contolle, soil moiste sensos and solenoid valves.
Reseach on Atomatic Iigation Algoithm of Stawbey Geenhose Based on PLC 49 Fig. 5. Stcte diagam of contol system In iigation contol system(fig.5), the senso ses Decagon ECH2O pgade 5TE soil moiste senso is sed to mease soil moiste, thee points need to be contolled, copled with the tempeate and hmidity contol, so the PLC selects Delta DVP seies PLC, the expeimental fo othe expeiments vacated contol commnication channel and sbseqent fnctional expansion choose to se DVP60ES200R Model. The whole solenoid valve actato contol cicit, optional 24 V AC dive fom, to 2 W. PC as the contol system of the host compte sing the configation softwae to commnicate between the PLC to complete the exchange of data, that is contolled via a PC inpt paametes, data ploaded eglaly monitoed by the PLC and stoed in the PC, povide data fo late analysis and pocessing. 4.3 System Contol Woking Pinciple The hadwae pat of the iigation system PLC contol solenoid valve stat, ente stat and stop switch fo iigation, otpt via solid state elays, contol solenoid valve opening and powe to contol the opening of the dip off. The geenhose iigation can also be based on changes in soil moiste dynamic feedback contol. Changes in soil moiste, tempeate data collected in accodance with the soil moiste senso to pass infomation to the PLC contol pogam, and contine to qey fzzy contol le table to detemine each iigation solenoid valve is open o not, to maintain a constant soil moiste. Accoding to the fzzy contol les, when the eal-time acqisition of soil moiste than the set hmidity vale, the solenoid valve withot opening; collected in eal time soil moiste than the set hmidity vale hos, the solenoid valve to open a cetain peiod of time, the iigation time; when meased vale eqal to the set vale, accoding to the tend of the meased vales to decide whethe o iigation, soil moiste ntil the eal-time acqisition is eqal to the set hmidity vale o within the pemissible eo ange, the end of the fist iigation. The impotant peeqisite iigation indoo tempeate mst each the iigation pemissible ange. Iigation has been gided by the pinciple: soil moiste is maintained nde sitable fo the gowth of stawbey constant soil moiste envionment.
50 J. Wang et al. 5 Conclsions In this pape, the statistical analysis of data on stawbey gowth and development of iigation, to detemine the lowe limit of the stawbey iigation, developed a the stawbeies iigation fzzy contol stategy, the fzzy contol and PLC contol system combined, while demonstating the PLC eliable, flexible and adaptable stong feates, and can bette adapt to the stawbey gowth cycle of wate, geatly inceased the level of intelligence of the iigation and iigation efficiency. Based on PLC fzzy contol system is sitable fo many occasions, the contol pogam can be easily modlaity, standadization, also has some efeence vale of othe cops, iigation contol o contol of indstial applications. Refeences 1. Wang, J., Zhang, J.: Effect of stawbey in geenhose fetigation eseach. Chinese Soil and Fetilize (1), 78 79 (2008) 2. Wang, L.: The poblem of the development and podction of stawbey and coesponding contemease. Jonal of Anhi Agicltal Sciences 38(33), 18707 18708 (2010) 3. Kang, Q., Hao, Y., Bai, C.: Atomatic monito and contol system of wate saving iigation. Tansaction of the CSAE 26(6), 136 139 (2007) (in Chinese with English abstact) 4. Qian, X.: Effect of Iigation Modes on Podction,Qality and Wate Metabolism of Stawbey. Anhi Agiclte Univesity, Hefei (2009) 5. O Shaghnessy, S.A., Evett, S.R., Colaizzi, P.D., Howell, et al.: A cop wate stess index and time theshold fo atomatic iigation schedling of gain soghm. Agicltal Wate Management (107), 122 132 (2012) 6. Pfitsche, L.L., Benadon, D.P., Kopp, L.M., et al.: Atomatic Contol of Iigation Systems Aiming at High Enegy Efficiency in Rice Cops. In: 8th Intenational Caibbean Confeence on Devices, Cicts and Systems, pp. 1 4 (2012) 7. He, W., Cai, M., Wang, Y., et al.: Atomatic Wate Spply Contol System of Gaded Constant Pesse by Vaiable Feqency Speed and Its Application to Pipeline Iigation. In: 2010 Second WRI Global Congess on Intelligent Systems, pp. 385 388 (2010) 8. Yan, B.Z., Sn, J., Nishiyama, S.: Effect of iigation on stawbey gowth and yield inside a plastic geenhose. Biosystems Engineeing 87(2), 237 245 (2004) 9. Zhang, Z., Hang, Y., Gao, E.: A Fzzy and Compehensive Evalation Model fo Developing Teaching Evalation. In: 2nd Intenational Confeence on Consme Electonics, Commnications and Netwoks (CECNet), pp. 774 777 (2012) 10. Dai, J.: Fzzy Compehensive Evalation on Wate Resoces Beaing Capacity of Boetala Rive Basin. Deset and Oasis Meteoology (4), 35 39 (2010) 11. Ren, X., Wang, S., H, H.: Index weight of evalation of wate-saving iigation poject with the contay poblem of fzzy compehensive evalation method. China Ral Wate and Hydopowe 5, 40 42 (2005) 12. Chen, D., Lei, X., Cao, W., et al.: Reseach on Iigation Decision Sppot System of Dip Iigation Cotton. China Ral Wate and Hydopowe 11, 72 75 (2012) (in Chinese with English abstact)
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