Grain: World Markets and Trade

y 218 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Grain: World Markets and Trade Near-Record U.S. Corn Exports in 217/18 Monthly Exports Annual Exports (Oct-Sep) 8 7 MMT 7 6 4 3 2 1 3yr average 217/18 MMT 6 4 3 2 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Aug Sep 213/14 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 f Ample supplies, combined with a continued lack of competition and continued strong foreign demand, have brightened export prospects in the second-half of 217/18 (October-September). This month, exports are forecast at 61. million tons, which if realized, would be the second-largest in history. The previous record was 61.8 million set in 1979/8. Exports by key competitors, mainly Brazil,, and to a lesser extent Ukraine, have been slower than anticipated. Brazil s slower pace is attributed to the current market dynamics which favor shipping soybeans over corn, a modest decline in secondcrop area, and below-normal rainfall in major producing regions. With strong demand overseas, soybeans get priority access to transportation and export channels. For, the impact of hot and dry weather in February 218 on corn prices has diminished its competitiveness against U.S. corn. The recent depreciation of the peso could boost its ability to compete with U.S. corn, but the shipping pace reflected in the weekly port loadings has remained slow. With relatively higher prices for Ukraine corn, many importing countries have turned to U.S. corn. U.S. corn exports for March through May were exceptional with larger volumes to traditional markets (Mexico, Colombia, Japan, and Korea) as well as second-tier markets (Vietnam, Spain, Egypt and other North African countries). Monthly inspection data indicates strong shipments for e. In addition, outstanding sales at the end of e were at a record with sales to many countries up year-over-year, suggesting strong shipments for the rest of the year. The strength in exports, however, is currently forecast to diminish year-over-year in, as both importing and exporting countries adjust to trade dynamics. Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For email subscription, click here to register: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/usdafas/subscriber/new

Table of Contents World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data Wheat... 3 Rice... 8 Coarse Grains... 12 Selected Data Tables... 1 Endnotes... 41 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12: p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Page 2 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 y 218

OVERVIEW FOR WHEAT Global wheat production is down this month driven mainly by several of the major wheat exporters: Australia, the,, and Ukraine. Global trade is forecast lower, but remains a record, as imports of wheat for feed are anticipated lower amid tighter global supplies. Exports are projected lower for countries with reduced production forecasts, but higher for, Kazakhstan, and the. The U.S. season-average farm price is down $.1 to $. per bushel. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global production is down marginally this month. Global trade is lower with reductions in Indonesia and Yemen. Exports are down for,, the, and the but higher for and Ukraine. The U.S. season-average farm price is down $.2 to $4.73 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: U.S. wheat prices for the month of e were mostly down, pressured by the ongoing winter wheat harvest and reflecting lower prices for corn and soybeans. Prices for Soft Red Winter (SRW) fell $11/ton to $21 and Hard Red Winter (HRW) dropped $2/ton to $23. Hard Red Spring (HRS) plummeted $42/ton to $247 based on larger area planted and favorable weather conditions. Soft White Winter (SWW) rose $1/ton to $23. $/MT U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids 38 36 34 32 3 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 HRW SRW SWW HRS Wheat Page 3 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 y 218

Global: Overall, exporter prices were down at the end of e. Australia wheat prices remain high due to dry growing conditions and increased domestic feed use. prices are high as supplies are seasonally tight. U.S. prices have declined due to favorable growing conditions, improving competitiveness against the and the Black Sea region. Month Ending Australia Black Sea EU US e $23 $23 $198 $29 $23 May $26 $263 $211 $21 $24 April $234 $246 $214 $27 $247 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC Note on FOB prices: - 12.%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% Gulf International Daily FOB Export Bids 28 26 24 22 $/ton 2 18 16 14 Australia EU US Black Sea Wheat Page 4 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 y 218

MARKET FEATURES Global Wheat Exporter Stocks Tighten to Satisfy Record Import Demand Global wheat trade for is forecast at a record, driven by strong demand resulting from rising incomes and shifting diets largely in Asia and Africa. While, Australia,, and the are forecast to have slightly higher production, the and Black Sea region (mainly ) are down sharply. To satisfy this growing demand, major exporters stocks will shrink. After several years of record production and large carry-in supplies, major exporter ending stocks are forecast to decline about 2 percent from last year s level. is forecast again to be the top exporter despite its smaller crop. Its large stocks are expected to support the export forecast. In contrast, the is still expected to hold large stocks due to strong competition of low-priced wheat from the and the Black Sea. MMT 21/16 216/17 217/18 Note: stocks and production are excluded from this analysis, since the countries discussed have supplies available to the global market. 18 18 17 17 16 16 Major Exporter Ending Stocks World Wheat Imports 8 7 6 MMT 4 3 2 1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Black Sea Australia Wheat Page Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA y 218

South American Wheat Imports Driven Higher by Stronger Brazilian Demand 18 16 14 12 MMT 1 8 6 4 2 Brazil Peru Colombia Chile Venezuela Ecuador South American wheat imports for are forecast at the highest level on record with Brazil accounting for nearly half of the total. Production for Brazil is expected to be larger than the weather-affected 217/18 crop but still below average. Brazil s imports (- basis) are forecast up 8, tons to 7. million in light of tight domestic stocks and rising consumption. Brazil s largest wheat supplier is, which is expected to have another large crop later this year (harvest begins around December). In addition to low prices, also benefits from duty-free access to Brazil (exporters from outside of Mercosur pay a 1-percent duty). For the next several months, Argentine wheat is in tight supply and prices are not competitive, suggesting there could be more opportunities for other exporters to supply wheat to Brazil, such as the and. Paraguay and Uruguay, also members of the Mercosur trade bloc, are regular suppliers to Brazil, but both have smaller crops this year along with little carry over supplies to be relevant exporters in the region. could compete for some of this trade as Brazilian millers have recently completed the first purchase of n wheat in more than 8 years. n wheat was banned for import into Brazil for many years for phytosanitary reasons until December 217. Across the rest of the region, imports are rising slightly with demand. Colombia and Ecuador are both forecast to import more based on rising food and feed use. Chile s imports are projected higher with a slightly smaller domestic crop and continued demand growth. Conversely, Peru s imports are down marginally with a larger crop. Venezuela s imports are projected unchanged from the previous year as its economic situation has not improved. Wheat Page 6 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 y 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Australia Exports 17, 16, Smaller production and more domestic - feeding Exports 23, 24, 1, Increased competitiveness Imports 4, 4, Domestic crop quality problems Euopean Union Exports 29, 27, -1, Smaller crop and less feeding Indonesia Imports 12, 11, -1, Less wheat feeding Kazakhstan Exports 8, 8, Strong import demand from Central Asia Kenya Imports 2,4 2,2-2 Adjustment based on 17/18 trade data South Korea Imports 4,6 4,1 Increased corn feeding reduces wheat - imported for feed use Exports 3, 34, -1, Smaller crop Thailand Imports 3,1 3,4 3 Stronger domestic use Ukraine Exports 17, 16, - Smaller production Exports 26, 27, 1, Reduced international market competition Vietnam Imports 4, 4,8 3 Strong demand for flour based products Yemen Imports 3,4 3,1-3 Adjustment based on the previous year TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Trade changes this month were based on pace of trade data, as the trade year begins to come to an end. Country Attribute Previous Current Change Algeria Imports 8, 8,2 2 Exports 14, 13,6-4 Exports 22,8 22,6-2 Euopean Union Exports 24, 23,3-7 Indonesia Imports 1 1, -1, Iraq Imports 4,1 4,3 2 Morocco Imports 3, 3,7 2 Exports 4, 41, Thailand Imports 3, 3,3 3 Ukraine Exports 17,2 17, 3 Exports 23, 23,2-3 Vietnam Imports 4,2, 8 Yemen Imports 3,1 2,9-2 Wheat Page 7 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 y 218

RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is up this month on larger crops in Vietnam and the. Global consumption is forecast fractionally lower, while ending stocks are up marginally. Global trade is lowered slightly as smaller exports from India are only partially offset by higher exports from Vietnam. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global rice production is up slightly this month. Global trade is raised with larger expected exports for Vietnam and Pakistan. World ending stocks are virtually unchanged, with the majority of stocks held by. RICE PRICES Global: Western Hemisphere quotes were broadly unchanged this month. U.S. FOB export quotes for long-grain milled rice (bagged) remained at $62/ton, comparable to last month but up significantly from last year, based on tighter supplies. Whereas last year the U.S. quotes were competitive against South American suppliers such as Uruguay, this year they hold more than a $1/ton premium over its Western Hemisphere competitors and around $2/ton more than Asian exporters. Over this past month, Asian quotes have declined, based on weaker demand from some importers, more abundant supplies, and currency weakness. The most significant decline this month was for Thai quotes, down 1 percent from last month to $394/ton, reflecting the pending auction of the remainder of government stocks. Weekly FOB Export Quotes 6 6 $/MT 4 4 3 Uruguay Thailand India Vietnam Pakistan *Note on FOB prices: - #2/4 (long grain), Uruguay - %, Thailand - 1B, India - %, Vietnam - %, Pakistan % RICE Page 8 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 y 218

MARKET FEATURES India Raises Minimum Support Price for Paddy Rice This month, the Government of India announced a further increase to the Minimum Support Price (MSP) received by farmers for non-basmati rice. Over the past several years, the MSP has risen annually by about 4 or percent. This year, the increase is 13 percent, from 1, rupees/ton ($24/ton) to 17, rupees/ton ($2/ton). This is the most significant year-to-year increase in the MSP since 212, when it rose by 16 percent. In recent years, the MSP for paddy has accounted for about 6 percent of the final average export price for milled nonbasmati rice. India has been the top exporter of rice since 212, when it returned to exporting non-basmati rice after a 4-year ban. Ample stocks and production enabled the country to ship competitively to markets around the world. This year the country is actively seeking out as a new market to offset the recent reduction in import demand from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The move to further increase the MSP could erode some of India s competitiveness in 219. India is still forecast as the top exporter, but others such as Thailand are expected to gain a competitive edge. Indian Rupees 2, 18, 16, 14, 1 1, 8, 6, 4, India Paddy Rice Minimum Support Price MMT 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Top Rice Exporters 21121221321421216217218219 India Thailand Vietnam Pakistan RICE Page 9 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 y 218

Raises Non-Long-Grain Rice Tariff as Imports Soar 4. 4 3. 3 Rice Imports ( Customs data for HS16 rice trade) MMT 2. 2 1. Long-grain Other 1. 21 211 212 213 214 21 216 217 Q1 218, the top rice importing country in the world, has a tariff rate quota (TRQ) for.32 million tons, evenly divided with 2.66 million for both long grain and other. Historically, long-grain comprised the bulk of the official rice imports under the TRQ. In 217, however, s official import data showed the other category narrowly surpassing those of long-grain at just over 2. million tons. Interestingly, the subcategory of other that is rising the fastest is glutinous rice, especially from ASEAN countries. s official import data shows Vietnamese rice in the other category soaring from nearly nothing in 211 to nearly 1.2 million tons for milled rice alone in 217. Vietnam s data shows this as a significant rise in glutinous exports. Effective y 1, 218, modified its tariff schedule. The government raised the over-quota tariff for ASEAN countries for the other category from to percent, reducing the tariff advantage this Southeast Asian bloc previously had. RICE Page 1 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 y 218

TRADE CHANGES IN 219 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Sri Lanka Imports 4 3-1 Higher import tariff India Exports 13, 12, Smaller shipments to Sri Lanka and reduced - competitiveness with a higher minimum support price for rice Expected continued large shipments with Exports 4, 4,2 2 Pakistan ample exportable supplies Improved competitiveness and expected Exports 6,8 7, 2 Vietnam robust demand from SE Asia TRADE CHANGES IN 218 (1, MT) Country Pakistan Vietnam Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Exports 4, 4,2 Strong shipments to date, based on sufficient 2 exportable supplies Exports 3,1 3, Meager old-crop shipments on tight supplies -1 and uncompetitive prices Exports 6,8 7, Large early-season shipments, especially to 2 SE Asia RICE Page 11 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 y 218

OVERVIEW FOR COARSE GRAINS Global corn production is up this month as larger crops for the, the, and Serbia more than offset a reduction for and. Global imports are slightly higher with greater imports for South Korea and Saudi Arabia. Exports for the are raised to partially offset cuts for Brazil and. The U.S. season-average farm price is lowered $.1 per bushel to $3.8. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global corn production is down this month primarily driven by a smaller second crop (safrinha) in Brazil. Global trade is forecast slightly higher with stronger imports for and Turkey. Exports for are raised to a near-record in light of slower shipments from and Brazil. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.4 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices continue to fall since the previous WASDE. Argentine bids declined $12/ton to $162, and Brazilian bids were down $14/ton to $172, both largely driven by falling U.S. futures prices and depreciation of their respective currencies. Losses in Brazil were limited with deteriorating prospects for its second-crop corn. Black Sea bids were down $8/ton to $179 on uncompetitive prices. U.S. bids were down $17/ton to $16 reflecting sharply lower soybean prices, improved weather conditions across the Midwest, and larger- than-expected acreage and stocks estimates. Despite price declines, the remains the most competitive supplier. $/MT 21 2 19 18 17 16 1 14 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids Brazil US Black Sea Coarse Grains Page 12 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 y 218

MARKET FEATURE 's Barley Exports Shift to 2. 2 MMT 1. 1 Forecast ROW. 21/11 211/12 212/13 213/14 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 YTD Forecast is a relatively small but growing exporter of barley. Historically shipped to the United States and Japan as an alternative livestock feed ingredient to corn or for malting purposes, exports to the were steady on consistent demand and logistical advantages. Just in five years, 's export pattern has been shifted significantly. Once the largest destination, the is now seeing less of 's barley coming across the border. Over the last several years, border-adjacent states such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota have seen the largest drop in barley shipments. s exports to Japan have fallen precipitously as well. In the place of the and Japan, has emerged as the top destination. 's total imports of barley have risen dramatically over the last half-decade, as there are no import quotas or biotech related restrictions. While s strong appetite for feed barley will be met primarily by Australian supplies, demand for the price-competitive Canadian barley is likely to continue as well. s exports for the Oct-May period to have already exceeded the total volume shipped in the entire 216/17. A larger expected Canadian barley crop in, coupled with a lower crop forecast for Australia, could see s barley exports to reach new heights in. Coarse Grains Page 13 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 y 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Barley Exports 7, 6, - Lower crop Australia Oats Exports 6 4-2 Lower crop Sorghum Exports 1,1 Expected demand from on 3 competitiveness Brazil Corn Exports 31, 29, Expected slower pace in the first half due to - priority to soybean shipping, and smaller second crop Barley Exports 1, 2,1 6 Larger crop and lower competition Sorghum Imports 4,7 The 2 percent tariff on U.S. sorghum -2,7 discourages purchases despite price competitivess relative to Australian origin Japan Corn Imports 1, 14, Larger imports of substitute feed - ingredients Sorghum Imports 6 1,2 6 Increased price competitiveness Korea, South Corn Imports 9,7 1,2 Competitive prices to alternative feed ingredients Corn Imports 16,7 16,2 To partly offset greater expected demand - for sorghum Mexico Sorghum Imports On expectations of redirected sales and 1, shipments amid 's action on U.S. sorghum Barley Exports, 4,8-7 Smaller crop Corn Exports, 3, - Saudi Arabia Corn Imports,,2 Competitive prices to alternative feed 2 ingredients Corn Exports 3, 6, 3, Ample supplies and competitive prices Sorghum Exports,4 4, -9 Lower demand from TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Corn Exports 2, 24, -1, Slow pace Australia Barley Exports 6,2 6, 3 Larger crop Brazil Corn Exports 28, 26, -1, Slower pace to date Corn Imports 1,2 1, 3 Pace and increasing price competitiveness Saudi Arabia Corn Imports 4, 4,2-3 On trade pace Turkey Corn Imports 2, On trade pace Corn Exports 8, 61, Record monthly exports in May and strong 2, inspection volumes for e Coarse Grains Page 9 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 y 218

All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 Production (-May) 62.8 47.4 1.2 7.1.7 6.8 384.8 371. 361. Other 689.2 71. 68.1 479.6 482.9 481. 693.7 662.7 692.8 72. 77.9 736.3 486.7 488.6 487.8 1,78. 1,33.7 1,4.3 Domestic Consumption (-May) 31.9 29.3 31. 4.2 4.1 4.1 313.8 317.8 318.3 Other 73. 711.6 714.6 472.6 477.3 481. 722.8 747.7 769.2 734.9 74.9 746.1 476.8 481.4 48.1 1,36.6 1,6. 1,87. Ending Stocks (-May) 32.1 29.9 26.8 1. 1. 1.3 8.3 1. 39.4 Other 22.2 243.6 234.1 13.3 142.9 142. 169.4 14.2 112.6 27.3 273. 26.9 136.8 143.9 143.8 227.7 191.7 12. TY Imports (-May) 3.3 4.3 3.7.8.9.9 1. 1.2 1.3 Other 17.8 17.7 179. 44.4 4. 4.7 138. 14.9 1.2 179.1 18. 182.7 4.2 4.9 46.6 139. 147.1 11. TY Exports (-May) 29.3 23.2 27. 3.3 3.1 3.3.6 61. 6. Other 12.8 19.7 18.7 44.8 4.9 46.1 86. 89.7 98.7 182.1 182.9 18.7 48.1 49. 49.4 141.6 1.7 1.2 Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (-May), Rice (Aug-), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 y 218

World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade y/e Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 4,2 8,7 12,27 13,6 13, 13, Australia 16,7 1,78 22,61 16, 17, 16, 24,883 22,118 2,23 22,6 23, 24, 83 729 748 1, 1,2 1,2 3,4 34,686 27,319 23,3 29, 27, Kazakhstan,7 7,6 7,2 8, 8, 8, 22,8 2,43 27,89 41, 3, 34, Serbia 93 88 1,43 8 Turkey 4,13,6 6,177 6,2 6, 6, Ukraine 11,269 17,431 18,17 17, 17, 16, 12,67 11,73 9,723 9,19 9,168 9,118 138,877 1,19 12,747 19,69 16,768 18,718 23,23 21,817 29,319 23,2 26, 27, 161,9 172,12 182,66 182,89 186,768 18,718 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,7 2,7 2,6 3, 3, Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,414 8,2 7, 7, Bangladesh 3,929 4,72,6 6,4 7, 7, Brazil,869,922 7,788 6,7 7, 7, 1,926 3,476 4,41 4, 4, 4, Colombia 1,627 2,32 2,11 1,9 Egypt 11,3 11,92 11,17 1 12, 12,,979 6,916,299,6,, Indonesia 7,477 1,4 1,176 1, 12, 11, Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,446 4,3 3,6 3,6 Japan,878,71,911 6,,8,8 Kenya 1,7 1,634 1,774 2,2 2,4 2,2 Korea, South 3,942 4,42 4,667 4,4 4,6 4,1 Mexico 4,471 4,8,37,3,6,6 Morocco 4,86 4,3,191 3,7 3, 3, Nigeria 4,244 4,41 4,972,2,, Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2,7 2,1 2, Philippines,4 4,918,74,8,8,8 Saudi Arabia 3,499 2,931 3,716 3,3 3,4 3,4 Sudan 2,632 2,21 2,48 2,6 2,7 2,6 Thailand 3,492 4,872 3,689 3,3 3,1 3,4 Turkey,96 4,4 4,42 6,4 4, 4, Uzbekistan 2,23 2,662 2,7 3, 3,2 3,2 Vietnam 2,292 3,7,46, 4, 4,8 Yemen 3,24 3,332 3,278 2,9 3,4 3,1,743 1,92 4,268 2,31 4,81 4,861 14,814 16,64 17,821 17,726 18,1 179,11 Unaccounted 3,97 3,31 2,91 2,833 3,67 3,7 3,989 3,7 3,294 4,3 3,7 3,7 161,9 172,12 182,66 182,89 186,768 18,718 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 y 218

World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 19, 19, 18, 18,4 11,3 13,93 2 24, 21,3 31,819 22,27 23,743 Australia 32, 32, 3, 32,14 27,647 29,442 128, 129, 129,77 128,84 13,19 126,28 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,1 8,1 8,3 Egypt 14, 149,4 11,81 14,369 16,48 16,912 97, 97, 98,1 87, 86,3 9,8 India 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, Iran 14, 14, 14,82 14,98 13,748 12,996 Kazakhstan 8,2 8,2 7,92 2,731 8,64,116 Morocco 2, 2, 26,674 2,633 2,86 2,979 Pakistan 67, 68, 84,992 72,29 61,44 9,8 2, 2, 21, 17,2 19, 1,2 Turkey 2, 26, 26,981 26,791 27,274 24,7 Ukraine 6, 6, 6,9 6,94 7,2 7,1 Uzbekistan 1,9 1,9,493 6,127 6,87,38 68, 694,9 71,4 689,19 679,79 673,64 1,2 49,736 47,371 62,833 6,117,147 736,2 744,686 77,916 71,992 73,912 728,211 Total Consumption 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1, Algeria 12,2 12,2 1 12,2 11,1 1,7 Brazil 9,1 9,6 9, 1,73 7,969 9,118 12 12, 117, 118, 11 116, 2, 2, 19,7 19,4 19,2 19,1 Egypt 127, 128, 13,4 128, 129,8 124,677 98, 98, 9,834 97,12 88,1 93,12 India 11,1 12, 1,9 1, 9,1 7,36 Indonesia 17,1 17,1 16,9 16,7 16,6 16,4 Iran 1,6 1, 1,4 1,2 9,8 9, Morocco 2,3 2,3 2, 24, 24,4 24, Pakistan 39, 39, 4, 4, 37, 3, 18, 18, 18, 17,4 18, 17, Turkey 9,4 9,6 9,9 1,3 12,2 11, Ukraine 9,7 9,7 9,7 9,3 9,3 8,9 Uzbekistan 17,18 174,933 171,371 168,239 16,862 14,16 717,386 719,681 712,436 77,7 678,928 672,732 31,489 31,216 29,317 31,864 31,944 31,328 748,87 7,897 741,73 738,939 71,872 74,6 Ending Stocks,6,36,66 6,96,178 7,11 136,119 138,619 126,819 111,49 97,42 76,1 1,387 1,474 14,387 1,96 1,7 12,697 12,33 12,33 13,23 9,8 14,4 17,22 India,426,426 4,876 4,44 6,86 4,281 Morocco 4,822,222 1,222 1,83,67 6,287,27 4,927 4,27 1,327 3,118 2,767 Turkey 4,988 8,14 63,913 69,842 69,832 72,37 234,78 24,422 243,3 22,24 217,73 198,76 26,8 2,737 29,94 32,131 26,2 2,477 26,878 266,19 273,498 27,33 244,282 219,242 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 y 218

Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 9,4 8,373 9,167 1,1 9,8 9,8 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 1,96 2,6 2, South America 13,217 13,437 16,276 1,38 16,6 16,41-28,979 6,916,299,6,, Other Europe 1,76 1,838 1,986 1,9 1,9 1,92 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,42 7,338 8,1 8,7 8,88 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,773 2,6 24,37 24,22 North Africa 2,43 27,873 28,273 27,2 26,27 26,27 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,894 22,81 22,167 2,37 27,9 26,7 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,3 16,92 16,86 16,93 South Asia 8,164 8,823 1,469 11,46 12,171 12,171 Southeast Asia 2,76 2,483 27,761 27,29 28,8 28,4 3,22 3,147 3,28 3,48 3, 3,2 Total 18,83 168,661 179,11 18,26 183,71 182,711 Production North America 88,29 87,47 98,838 8,86 8,36 86, South America 24,87 21,61 28,83 2,137 27,64 27,64-28 16,912 16,48 14,369 11,81 149,4 14, Other Europe 4,88 4,39 4,749 4,39 4,93 4,93 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,38 117,92 13,87 142,216 123,74 121,24 Middle East 3,414 42,4 38,791 41,2 4,86 4,86 North Africa 17,29 19,976 14,81 19,246 21,1 21,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,694 7,71 7,34 7,69 7,69 East Asia 127,673 131,469 13,19 131,9 13,31 129,31 South Asia 13,1 119,663 12,837 133,99 129,491 129,491 Oceania 24,17 22,689 32,278 21,79 24,46 22,46 187 199 181 136 131 131 Total 728,211 73,912 71,992 77,916 744,686 736,2 Domestic Consumption North America 47,296 46,913,17 46,117 48,616 48,389 South America 27,6 27,71 28,64 28,91 29,31 29,6-28 124,677 129,8 128, 13,4 128, 127, Other Europe 4,87 4,94,4,4,1,19 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,98 77,7 78,6 83,9 78,39 77,89 Middle East 7,24 8,887 9,61 6,48 6,83 6,7 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44, 4,17 4,77 4,87 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,14 29,144 29,837 32,189 33,794 33,449 East Asia 129,46 12,228 132,32 13,36 133,717 13,217 South Asia 132,399 128,91 139,22 139, 141,967 141,967 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,63 28,21 27,21 Oceania 8,64 8, 8,84 8,7 8,9 9,6 3,74 3,82 3,834 3,9 4,3 3,99 Total 699,346 78,176 734,876 74,872 747,249 746,17 Ending Stocks North America 28,29 32,39 39,913 36,421 31,663 32,476 South America 8,376 3,99 4,73 4,63 3,711 3,616-28 12,697 1,7 1,96 14,387 1,474 1,387 Other Europe 1,321 1,63 1,97 1,899 2,49 1,984 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,67 16,791 21,14 19,376 13,231 11,81 Middle East 2,41 22,18 18,621 18,236 1,231 1,426 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,89 14,41 1,77 1,216 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,979 3,789 2,968 3,83 3,244 2,83 East Asia 79,217 1,44 114,27 13,263 141,879 139,444 South Asia 23,19 21,26 16,66 2,263 18,448 18,448 Southeast Asia 3,921,413,87,17,62,742 Oceania 4,96 4,11,966,2,9 3,31 44 418 438 389 41 39 Total 219,242 244,282 27,33 273,498 266,19 26,878 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 y 218

World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 31 27 392 4 4 4 Australia 323 16 187 27 32 27 Brazil 89 641 94 8 7 7 Burma 1,73 1,3 3,3 3, 3, 3, Cambodia 1,1 1, 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 262 368 1,173 1,6 1,8 1,8 21 27 369 3 3 3 Guyana 486 431 44 48 47 48 India 11,46 1,4 12,6 12,8 13, 12, Pakistan 4, 4,1 3,642 4,2 4, 4,2 Paraguay 371 7 6 6 South Africa 12 14 19 12 1 1 Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 1, 11, 11, Uruguay 718 996 1,1 86 8 8 Vietnam 6,66,88 6,488 7, 6,8 7, 1,281 1,262 1,88 1,2 1,1 1,24 39,333 36,87 44,78 4,93 46,196 46,79 3,381 3,3 3,349 3, 3,3 3,3 42,714 4,162 48,7 48,98 49,496 49,379 TY Imports Bangladesh 98 3 2,348 1,2 1,1 1,1 Benin 4 4 2 6 6 Brazil 363 786 74 6 7 7 Burkina 3 42 6 6 Cameroon 6 6 7 7,1 4,6,9,,, Cote d'ivoire 1,1 1,3 1,3 1, 1,6 1,6 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Ghana 8 7 6 7 68 68 Guinea 42 6 7 77 8 8 Indonesia 1,3 1, 3 1,2 1,2 Iran 1,3 1,1 1, 1,3 Iraq 1, 93 1,6 1,1 1,1 1,1 Japan 688 68 679 68 68 68 Kenya 4 67 7 7 7 Malaysia 1,1 823 9 9 1, 1, Mexico 719 731 91 8 88 88 Mozambique 7 62 71 72 7 7 Nepal 3 3 34 6 6 6 Nigeria 2,1 2,1 2, 2,6 3, 3, Philippines 8 1,2 1,1 1,1 Saudi Arabia 1,61 1,26 1,19 1,2 1,3 1,3 Senegal 99 98 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 South Africa 912 94 1,4 1, 1, 1, United Arab Emirates 8 67 7 82 9 9 12,238 11,894 14,22 13,979 14,4 14,4 39,381 36,889 44,41 4,39 4,89 4,7 Unaccounted 2,76 2,6 2,819 3,91 2,71 2,774 77 767 787 8 8 8 42,714 4,162 48,7 48,98 49,496 49,379 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 217/18 is calendar year 218, 216/17 is calendar year 217, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 y 218

World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Milled Production Bangladesh 34, 34, 34,78 32,6 34,7 34,7 Brazil 8,46 7,21 8,383 8,7 8,24 8,24 Burma 12,6 12,16 12,6 13,2 13,4 13,4 Cambodia 4,92 4,931,26,399,, 144,6 14,77 144,93 14,989 142,2 142,2 India 1,482 14,48 19,698 11, 19, 19, Indonesia 3,6 36,2 36,88 37, 37,3 37,3 Japan 7,849 7,67 7,78 7,86 7,6 7,6 Korea, South 4,241 4,327 4,197 3,972 3,8 3,73 Nepal 3,19 2,863 3,48 3,31 3,33 3,33 Nigeria 3,782 3,941 3,78 3,78 3,78 3,78 Pakistan 7,3 6,82 6,849 7, 7,4 7,4 Philippines 11,91 11, 11,686 12,3 12,3 12,3 Thailand 18,7 1,8 19,2 2,37 21,2 21,2 Vietnam 28,166 27,84 27,4 28,943 28,67 29,69 41,672 41,937 42,848 42,871 42,92 42,42 472,66 467,13 479,96 482,94 48,91 481,3 7,16 6,133 7,117,69 6,42 6,763 479,766 473,236 486,713 488,64 487,33 487,798 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3,1 3,1 3, 3,2 3,6 3,6 Brazil 7,92 7,9 8, 8, 8,1 8,1 Burma 1, 1,4 1, 9,9 9,9 9,9 Cambodia 3,9 3,9 4, 4,1 4,2 4,2 14,334 14,799 141,448 142,7 144, 144, Egypt 4, 3,9 4,3 4,4 4,4 4,4 India 98,244 93,68 9,776 97,3 98,2 98, Indonesia 38,3 37,8 37,8 38, 38,2 38,2 Japan 8,6 8,6 8, 8,4 8,4 8,4 Korea, South 4,197 4,212 4,61 4,87 4, 4,47 Nepal 3,77 3,33 4,1 3,91 3,93 3,93 Nigeria 6,1 6,4 6, 6,7 6,9 6,9 Philippines 13, 12,9 12,9 13,1 13,4 13,4 Thailand 1, 9,1 1 11,17 1,2 1,2 Vietnam 2 22, 2 22,1 22,2 22,4 61,26 62,44 6,683 67,263 69,268 68,968 469,78 464,81 478,6 477,416 484,12 483,844 4,284 3,8 4,23 4,9 3,96 4,64 473,862 468,431 482,736 481,11 488,8 487,98 Ending Stocks Bangladesh 1,92 1,2 84 1, 1,6 1,6 69, 78, 86, 93,989 9,989 9,989 India 17,8 18,4 2, 2,4 18, 18,9 Indonesia 4,111 3,9 2,91 3,913 4,211 4,211 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,491 2,262 2,97 2,97 Philippines 2,41 2,11 1,996 2,496 2,46 2,46 Thailand 11,27 8,43 4,238 3,188 3,438 3,438 17,433 16,64 1,76 1,91 13,984 13,631 126,437 131,319 13,39 142,839 141,86 142,412 1,2 1,47 1,462 1,2 1,317 1,342 127,989 132,794 136,771 143,864 143,182 143,74 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 y 218

Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,84 2,61 2,7 2,11 2,11 Caribbean 1,14 1,19 1,131 1,18 1,26 1,26 South America 1,686 2,1 1,89 1,784 1,71 1,71 Other Europe 128 138 124 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 72 42 39 8 6 61 Middle East 6,464,683 6,39 6,4 6,78 6,78 North Africa 396 483 49 49 8 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 14,619 1,2 16,23 16,18 East Asia 6,686 6,97 7,18 7,14 7,14 7,14 South Asia 1,693 94 4,6 2,6 2,7 2,47 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676,4 4,46 4,46 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Total 4,138 37,66 4,238 4,894 46,74 46,6 Production North America 7,28 6,289 7,292,842 6,63 6,941 Caribbean 979 86 981 1,21 1,18 1,18 South America 16,783 1,633 16,673 16,74 16,42 16,46-28 1,94 2, 2,78 2,37 2,4 2,4 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,18 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,217 1,167 Middle East 2,24 2,392 2,284 2,446 2,36 2,36 North Africa 4,3 4,44 4,837 4,34 3,342 3,342 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,246 16,114 16,4 16,31 17,7 17,7 East Asia 19,486 16,163 19,748 16,28 16,388 16,268 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,927 16,296 17,386 17,386 Southeast Asia 11,92 111,41 116,821 121,33 122,296 122,69 Total 479,766 473,236 486,713 488,64 487,33 487,798 Domestic Consumption North America,17 4,87,499,377,218,376 Central America 1,196 1,296 1,299 1,28 1,3 1,3 Caribbean 2,29 1,97 2,66 2,63 2,233 2,218 South America 14,928 14,937 14,938 1,23 1,93 1,143-28 3,4 3, 3,6 3,6 3,7 3,7 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,3 1,498 1,1 1,9 1,634 1,629 Middle East 9, 8,449 8,788 8,94 9,8 9,8 North Africa 4,47 4,279 4,724 4,88 4,892 4,892 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,17 28,166 3,466 31,71 32,848 32,798 East Asia 16,4 16,417 17,827 19,173 16,12 16,1 South Asia 143,183 138,767 141,637 143,46 14,13 144,68 Southeast Asia 12,642 11,77 13,89 13,96 13,381 13,81 Total 471,78 466,466 476,848 481,363 48,34 48,137 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,62 1,634 1,21 1,3 1,6 Central America 219 267 28 266 26 26 Caribbean 223 231 286 342 382 382 South America 2,211 1,64 1,782 1,891 1,813 1,733-28 1,11 1,183 1,183 1,17 1,174 1,174 Middle East 1,742 1,214 1,133 1,34 1,34 1,34 North Africa 924 924 1,426 1,326 66 66 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,342 2,822 2,66 2,326 2,3 2,3 East Asia 73,483 83,126 91,11 97,877 99,47 99,332 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,16 23,842 21,398 22,223 Southeast Asia 21,36 17,973 11,819 12,234 12,844 12,91 Oceania 223 77 28 177 214 112 Total 127,989 132,794 136,771 143,864 143,182 143,74 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 y 218

World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 21,3 2,29 26,1 27, 3,3 3,3 Australia 7,286 6,389 1,29 7,42 8,82 8,37 Brazil 21,94 3,41 19,797 26,1 31,1 29,1 3,64 4,693,36,21 4,8,4 1,68 1,979 8,192 8, 8,6 8,7 Paraguay 3,31 2,663 1,767 2, 2,1 2,1 9,1 8,46 9,28 1,26 11,6 8,36 Serbia 3,1 1,93 2,447 7 1, 1,6 South Africa 77 77 1,82 2,11 2,11 2,11 Ukraine 24,28 21,47 26,868 24,21 27,71 27,71 8,37 7,966 8,28 8,686 8,47 8,7 117,4 12,68 119,77 122,736 136,47 132,27 6,419 9,23 61,788 67,1 8,3 61,13 173,874 184,91 181,4 189,71 19, 193,4 TY Imports Algeria 4,863,224 4,49,1,37,37 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, Brazil 1,23 2,123 3,177 1,31 1, 1, Chile 1,77 1,72 1,74 1,8 2,13 2,13 2,699 17,499 16, 17, 19,7 16,9 Colombia 4,747 4,824,7,33,3,3 Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,79 9,42 9,72 9,72 9,48 14,274 1,683 17,2 16, 16, Iran 8, 8,3 1, 1 1 11, Israel 1,61 1, 1,916 1,64 1,68 1,68 Japan 16,726 17,7 16,999 16,97 16,77 16,87 Jordan 1,448 1,713 1,88 1, Korea, South 1,274 1,213 9,319 9,98 9,83 1,39 Libya 1,68 1,9 1,763 1, Malaysia 3,221 4,8 3,28 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,64 14,881 1,238 16,8 17,31 18,31 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,26 3,2 2,92 2,92 Peru 2,863 3,83 3,438 3,41 3,6 3,6 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 12,3 13,1 13,21 Taiwan 3,938 4,781 4,267 4,2 4,1 4,1 Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,74 1,7 1,77 1,77 Turkey 2,719 713 1,712 3,1 2,3 2,3 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,24 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,647 9,9 1,17 1,12 2,869 21,84 21,71 18,918 19,48 19,418 166,9 176,24 174,42 181,376 186,7 18,71 Unaccounted 4,484 4,694 3,89,18 4,7 4,19 3,29 3,981 3,414 3,19 3, 3, 173,874 184,91 181,4 189,71 19, 193,4 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 y 218

World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 36,782 38,439 48,69 4,331 48,83 48,83 Australia 12,6 12,44 17,266 11,98 13,76 12,346 Brazil 87,671 68,649 11,7 86,292 98,97 98,97 22,17 2,769 26,623 26,2 27,37 27,2 222,4 231,487 226,867 223,391 232,8 232,8 Ethiopia 14,442 1,149 1,94 13,96 14,18 14,18 17,67 12,66 12,81 13,171 14,24 14,661 India 43,76 38,71 43,47 4, 43,89 43,89 Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 32,689 32,378 33,263 32,11 31,89 31,89 Nigeria 18,341 19,2 19,111 19, 19,3 19,3 4,386 37,427 4,76 41,712 4,92 36,42 South Africa 11,79 8,68 18,117 14,2 14,8 14,8 Turkey 9,311 14,181 1,776 12,971 13,1 13,1 Ukraine 39,389 33,387 39,217 34,71 38,2 38,2 164,78 16,837 162,794 164,693 163,18 163,228 934,31 89,823 967,222 93,916 967,38 961,819 377,234 367,9 42,612 384,2 369,82 37,9 1,311,76 1,262,832 1,369,834 1,31,171 1,336,84 1,336,914 Domestic Consumption 14,232 14,221 16,44 1,324 16,3 16,3 Brazil 6,9 9,823 64,32 66,461 68,992 68,992 21,29 21,22 22,84 23,44 23,23 23,3 228,79 238,79 22,948 262,38 271,23 27,43 Egypt 14,832 1,83 16,27 16,779 16,978 16,978 Ethiopia 13,68 1,21 1,142 14,13 14,8 14,8 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,2 164,7 164,37 India 4,474 4,21 42,62 44,62 44,72 44,72 Iran 12,2 14,2 13,82 1,82 16,2 1,72 Japan 16,874 17,27 17,246 17,211 17,114 17,414 Mexico 42,17 44,71 46,84 48,4 49,74,84 Nigeria 18,132 18,99 19,46 19,2 19, 19, 31,139 29,71 32,7 31,81 3,12 28,22 Saudi Arabia 11,9 14,7 13,61 13,39 14,7 14,27 Turkey 12,91 14,21 12,891 1,131 1,711 1,711 248,334 248,77 27,187 26,76 26,668 26,83 96,2 946,11 1,28,411 1,28,722 1,48,231 1,48,46 311,339 312,99 327,23 327,46 328,18 329,8 1,276,89 1,28,714 1,3,934 1,36,178 1,376,339 1,378,126 Ending Stocks 4,274 3,279 6,79 4,616 6,68 6,616 Brazil 8,23 7,1 14,492 9,39 9,9 9,9 3,13 4,974,63 4,28 4,478 4,228 11,917 112,86 11,949 8,38 61,8 9,8 18,88 1,71 1,68 14,969 13,737 13,6 Mexico 4,832,889 6,9,34 3,3 3,2 Ukraine 3,291 3,171 2,997 2,686 2,771 2,771 2,99 48,2 47,17 44,8 37,8 37,772 197,46 2, 199,844 16,963 139,343 136,796 46,948 48,112 62,168,42 42,229 42,997 243,994 248,112 262,12 221, 181,72 179,793 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 y 218

Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 16,648 19,93 19,71 21,34 21,42 22,42 Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,69 2,84 2,84 2,84 South America 13,3 13,84 1,47 14,231 1,14 1,14-28 9,48 14,274 1,683 17,2 16, 16, Former Soviet Union - 12 74 1 828 62 72 7 Middle East 27,68 29,73 3,68 32,946 32,826 33,126 North Africa 18,228 2,819 19,288 2,32 21,272 21,172 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,83 6,7 6,689 4,86 4,496 4,621 East Asia 6,684 49,97 46,733 48,7,4 48,31 Southeast Asia 14,764 1,83 14,1 14,97 16,3 16,2 1,967 2,998 2,941 3,91 4,216 4,76 Total 169,39 18,221 177,96 184,66 19,2 189,21 Production North America 432,3 42,16 462,498 442,971 429,67 434,1 South America 139,743 122,16 163,18 14,231 162,11 162,11-28 17,67 12,66 12,81 13,171 14,24 14,661 Other Europe 1,927 9,271 11,41 7,188 9,276 9,476 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,963 82,74 92,737 88,798 92,73 88,73 Middle East 17,36 21,6 18,83 2,82 2,2 19,89 North Africa 1,927 12,289 9,263 11,177 12,32 12,32 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,74 12,96 116,918 114,69 11,232 11,232 East Asia 22,83 234,218 229,2 226,2 23,474 23,24 South Asia 4,649,66 6,63 8,888 8,179 8,179 Southeast Asia 3,949 31,992 34, 34,218 34,243 34,243 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,883 12,388 14,388 12,978 4,76 4,392 4,927 4,938 4,996 4,996 Total 1,311,76 1,262,832 1,369,834 1,31,171 1,336,84 1,336,914 Domestic Consumption North America 374,84 378,66 396,42 399,31 41,83 43,4 South America 98,737 98,42 13,179 16,674 111,286 111,286-28 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,2 164,7 164,37 Other Europe 8,347 8,2 9,4 7,934 8,397 8,277 Former Soviet Union - 12 8,467 3,74 6,364 3,819 2,863,988 Middle East 4,6 1,6,444 3,31 4,21 4,281 North Africa 3,168 32,142 31,43 31,989 33,3 32,93 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,473 18,14 11,742 114,23 113,387 113,37 East Asia 262,487 273,16 286,371 296,339 34,997 3,112 South Asia 2,617 3,832 6,99 6,43 61,6 61,4 Southeast Asia 41,23 44,41 4,96 46,7 48,33 48,28 Oceania,846 6,429 6,79,786,491,261 1,34 1,897 11,328 11,676 11,936 11,936 Total 1,26,687 1,276,29 1,33,4 1,3,47 1,37,929 1,371,236 Ending Stocks North America,293 8,97 73,78 64,91,12,43 South America 1,927 13,631 24,426 16,672 18,249 18,746-28 18,88 1,71 1,68 14,969 13,737 13,6 Other Europe 1,12 963 1,647 896 1,1 1,22 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,874 6,21 6,81 6,79,914,364 Middle East 8,999 9,2,91 6,22 4,247 4,17 North Africa,412,87 3,694 3,4 3,796 3,796 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,434 1,242 12,498 12,943 1,336 1,644 East Asia 1,819 116,44 16,16 84,23 6,28 63,17 South Asia,312 3,21 4,173 4,438 3,67 3,688 Southeast Asia 4,149 4,997 3,87 3,28 2,791 2,86 Oceania 1,66 1,62 2,778 1,722 1,337 1,244 1,123 1,141 1,198 1,213 1,98 1,98 Total 243,994 248,112 262,12 221, 181,72 179,793 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 y 218

World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 18,448 21,678 22,91 24, 27, 27, Brazil 21,99 3,382 19,794 26, 31, 29, 39 1,767 1,38 1, 1, 4,27 1,93 2,189 1, 1, Mexico 784 1,9 1,39 1,3 1, 1, Paraguay 3,12 2,662 1,77 3,213 4,691,89 4,8, 3, Serbia 2,964 1,6 2,414 7 1, 1,6 South Africa 746 79 1,816 2,1 2,1 2,1 Ukraine 19,661 16,9 21,334 19, 24, 24, 6,4,14,6,4 4,93 4,93 81,9 93,71 8,977 89,7 12,8 98,68 46,831 1,98,93 61, 3, 6, 128,39 144,849 141,7 1,7 1,8 1,18 TY Imports Algeria 4,116 4,329 3,91 4,4 4,8 4,8 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, Chile 1,16 1,39 1,484 1,7,16 3,174 2,464 4,,, Colombia 4,496 4,48 4,748,,2,2 Cuba 886 83 964 1, 1, 1, Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,839 8,722 8,773 9,4 9,7 9,7 8,98 13,792 1,23 16, 16, 16, Guatemala 881 1,27 91 1, 1, 1, Iran 6,1 6,6 7,8 8, 8, 8, Israel 1,294 1,12 1,1 Japan 14,67 1,21 1,169 1,2 1, 14, Kenya 6 2 1, 1,2 1, 1, Korea, South 1,168 1,121 9,231 9,8 9,7 1,2 Malaysia 3,221 4,8 3,28 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,341 14,11 14,69 16,2 16,7 16,2 Morocco 1,941 2,224 2,164 2, 2,6 2,6 Peru 2,741 2,98 3,269 3,3 3,4 3,4 Saudi Arabia 2,94 3,83 3,421 4,2,,2 Taiwan 3,81 4,66 4,163 4,1 4, 4, Tunisia 1,42 1,17 1,244 1,1 1,1 1,1 Turkey 2,377 67 1,421 2, 2,2 2,2 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,238 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,7 8,6 8, 9, 1, 1, 17,69 19,636 19,9 1,428 16,283 16,188 124,866 136,68 138,83 14,928 1,83 1,188 Unaccounted 2,71 6,49 2,36 3,627 3,697 3,692 89 1,782 1,41 1,1 1,3 1,3 128,39 144,849 141,7 1,7 1,8 1,18 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 y 218

World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 29,7 29, 41, 33, 41, 41, Brazil 8, 67, 98, 83, 96, 96, 11,66 13,68 13,889 14,1 1,3 14,8 21,646 224,632 219,2 21,891 22, 22, Egypt,96 6, 6, 6,4 6,4 6,4 Ethiopia 7,23 7,3 7,3 7, 7,1 7,1 7,734 8,748 61,739 62,217 61, 61, India 24,17 22,7 2,9 26,88 26, 26, Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 2,48 2,971 27,7 26,8 26, 26, Nigeria 1,9 1,62 1,7 11, 11, 11, Philippines 7,671 6,97 8,131 8,4 8,3 8,3 11,32 13,168 1,3 13,229 1, 1 South Africa 1,629 8,214 17,1 13,8 14, 14, Ukraine 28,4 23,333 27,969 24,11 3, 3, 13,8 99,91 11,66 1,411 11,78 11,84 661,7 627,739 693,672 662,783 69,78 692,84 361,91 34,6 384,778 37,96 36,632 361,49 1,22,661 973,24 1,78,4 1,33,743 1,2,417 1,4,34 Total Consumption 9,3 9,3 11,2 1,8 1 1 Brazil 7, 7, 6, 63, 6, 6, 12,82 12,381 13,1 14,2 14,2 13,9 2 217, 23 241, 249, 21, Egypt 13,9 14,8 1,1 1,9 16,1 16,1 77,88 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, India 22,3 23, 24,9 26, 26, 26, Indonesia 12,2 12,1 12,3 12,2 12, 12, Iran 7,4 8,8 9,3 9,8 9,8 9,8 Japan 14,6 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,1 14,8 Korea, South 1,2 1,123 9,41 9,8 9,8 1,3 Mexico 34, 37,3 4,4 42,3 43,2 43,2 Nigeria 9,9 1,6 11,2 11,3 11,3 11,3 South Africa 11,6 1,97 12,663 12,3 12,6 12,6 Vietnam 9,4 12,2 12,9 13,4 13,9 13,9 163,81 164,9 168,626 173,39 179,113 177,838 686,8 671,169 746,971 71,91 772,22 77,83 31,792 298,844 313,828 317,768 317,896 318,277 987,877 97,13 1,6,799 1,69,669 1,9,418 1,94,8 Ending Stocks 2,898 1,49,284 3,489,486,494 Brazil 7,842 6,769 14,19 9,19 8,719 9,219 1,18 2,4 2,74 2,74 2,424 2,424 1,472 11,774 1,713 79,4 6,4 8,4 9,626 6,713 7,286 7,3 6,12,3 Mexico 4,9,213,418 4,818 2,818 2,318 South Africa 2,448 1,96 3,69 2,9 2,1 33,97 31,41 3,416 3,377 26,48 26,962 162,81 16,884 169,4 14,234 114,624 112,24 43,974 44,123 8,23 1,498 4,67 39,432 26,77 21,7 227,68 191,732 14,691 11,96 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 y 218

Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 13,686 16,742 16,847 18,8 18, 18, Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, South America 12,42 12,462 13,713 13,2 13,76 13,76-28 8,98 13,792 1,23 16, 16, 16, Former Soviet Union - 12 361 374 4 41 38 Middle East 1,17 14,886 16,998 19, 2,1 2,3 North Africa 1,622 16,873 16,77 18,2 19, 19, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323,48,97 3,163 3,663 3,693 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,12 33,1 33,7 33,7 Southeast Asia 14,68 1,739 13,96 14,84 16,9 16,9 Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,67 2,84 2,84 2,84 1,69 2,46 2,36 2,66 3,76 3,66 Total 12,67 138,44 139,34 147,78 11,883 11,488 Production North America 398,177 38,17 426,242 411,86 397,932 42,29 South America 127,7 18,837 149,824 127,22 148,43 148,43-28 7,734 8,748 61,739 62,217 61, 61, Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,432,33 7,39 7,9 Former Soviet Union - 12 44,188 4,147 47,791 42,69 49, 46, Middle East 6,94 7,791 6,99 7,786 6,866 6,736 North Africa 6,8 6,96 6,13 6,61 6,1 6,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,89 62,466 71,79 73,8 69,12 69,12 East Asia 217,99 227,71 221,888 218,24 227,36 227,46 South Asia 34,398 33,2 37,73 39,4 39,86 39,86 Central America 3,88 3,278 3,78 3,84 3,8 3,8 Southeast Asia 3,6 31,697 33,76 33,928 33,93 33,93 1,43 1,28 1,349 1,21 1,373 1,313 Total 1,22,661 973,24 1,78,4 1,33,743 1,2,417 1,4,34 Domestic Consumption North America 349,162 348,2 367,328 374,268 37,296 37,377 South America 87,61 87,971 91,723 9,39 99,91 99,91-28 77,88 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, Other Europe 6,297 6,22 6,912,89 6,3 6,2 Former Soviet Union - 12 21,71 19,82 2,11 18,3 19,86 18,3 Middle East 21,738 23,2 24,613 26,61 27,2 27,8 North Africa 22,1 22,99 23,39 24,8 2,6 2,6 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,881 67,26 7,244 72,4 71,7 71,627 East Asia 233,127 249,467 263,62 272,3 28,4 282,6 South Asia 33,123 3,63 37,88 4,939 42,81 42,81 Southeast Asia 4,849 43,634 4,497 46,28 47,84 47,84 Central America 6,76 7,18 7,2 7,74 7,91 7,91 3,984 3,99 3,942 4,1 4,18 4,1 Total 97,73 989,618 1,36,627 1,6,7 1,86,9 1,87,1 Ending Stocks North America 49,82 1,786 66,24 8,89 4,39 44,174 South America 13,743 11,22 22,193 14,912 16,4 16,97-28 9,626 6,713 7,286 7,3 6,12,3 Other Europe 896 849 1,487 777 986 1,97 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,1 2,62 3,79 2,73 2,93 2,73 Middle East 3,727 2,747 2,9 2, 1,41 1,911 North Africa 3,29 2,988 2,4 2,446 2,387 2,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,8 7,686 1,1 1,88 8,336 8,639 East Asia 13,922 114,71 14,43 83,383 63,939 61,839 South Asia 3,924 2,489 3,198 3,234 2,71 2,769 Southeast Asia 4,143 4,991 3,86 3,198 2,781 2,796 Central America 79 794 8 868 793 793 49 432 443 41 39 388 Total 26,77 21,7 227,68 191,732 14,691 11,96 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 y 218

World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 1,99 2,836 2,696 2, 2,8 2,8 Australia,266,41 9,193 6, 7, 6, 1,386 1,147 1,89 1, 2,1 1,642 8,644,683 6,2 6,8 6,8 Kazakhstan 479 87 869 1,2 1,3 Moldova 81 9 143 1 1 1,87 3,73 3,626,4, 4,8 Turkey 4 14 2 1 1 Ukraine 4,332 4,673,337 4, 3, 3, Uruguay 43 42 111 12 12 164 82 47 71 1 1 29,83 27,426 29,28 28,91 28,87 28,37 291 161 12 13 1 1 3,94 27,87 29,63 28,721 28,97 28,47 TY Imports Algeria 723 864 33 6 Belarus 1 7 19 3 1 1 Brazil 489 1 737 6 6 16 131 74 6 1 1 9,89,869 8,14 8,2 9, 9, Colombia 249 31 28 28 28 28 269 31 447 3 3 Iran 1,9 1,7 2,2 2,9 2,9 3, Israel 278 319 376 2 2 2 Japan 1,97 1,14 1,197 1,1 1,1 1,1 Jordan 79 92 79 7 6 6 Kuwait 412 11 69 4 2 2 Libya 1,1 1,324 1,84 6 7 6 Morocco 276 98 38 3 3 Peru 122 98 169 1 1 1 Saudi Arabia 8,2 1,4 8,4 8, 8, 8, Syria 2 2 2 7 1 1 Tunisia 483 696 1 6 67 67 United Arab Emirates 393 668 474 3 4 4 Vietnam 2 79 147 9 17 12 1,724 1,213 1,72 1,46 1,66 1,16 28,472 28,8 28,416 27,331 28,146 28,46 Unaccounted 1,192-84 1,2 1,16 424 24 43 32 217 23 4 4 3,94 27,87 29,63 28,721 28,97 28,47 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 y 218

World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 968 1, 1,3 1,3 Algeria 4, 4, 3,74 3,3 4,94 2,9 8,8 9,8 8,9 13,6 8,993 8,646 Australia 1,7 1,7 1,42 1,23 1,849 1,988 Belarus 8,8 8, 7,9 8,839 8,27 7,117 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,72 1,87 1,81 2,17 2,17 2,1 2,2 2,47 1,93 Ethiopia 6, 61,3 9,64 9,978 62,9 6,69 1,79 1,79 1,7 1,44 1,613 1,831 India 3,1 3,1 3,1 3, 3,2 3,2 Iran 3, 3, 3,3 3,231 2,67 2,412 Kazakhstan 2, 2, 62 3,4 1,638 Morocco 17, 18, 2,183 17,47 17,83 2,26 7,4 7,4 6,4 4,7 7,4 4, Turkey 7, 7, 8,69 9,874 8,71 9,4 Ukraine 9,71 9,71 9,844 1,694 9,1 9,148 141,261 143,761 141,169 142,89 14,24 138,28 3,366 3,21 3,9 4,33 4,7 3,93 144,627 146,962 144,29 147,162 149,774 141,981 Total Consumption 1,9 1,9 1,8 2, 2,1 2, Algeria 2,7 2,8 3,1 3, 3,3 3, Australia 1,7 1,7 1,4 1,8 Belarus 6,9 6,7 6,8 6,762 6,96 6,471 11,1 11,1 1,3 9,8 7,9 11,6 2,12 2,12 2,7 2,2 1,99 1,97 Ethiopia 4,1 4,7 3,7,1 1,37,937 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,2 India,9 6,2 6, 4,,2 4,6 Iran 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 Kazakhstan 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,2 3,3 2,638 Morocco 12,6 13,2 14,9 14,7 13,7 14,1 8,82 8,82 8,82 9,82 1,22 8,2 Saudi Arabia 7,3 7,3 6,7, 6,9,3 Turkey 3,6 3,6 4,3 4,9 4,3, Ukraine 16,77 16,96 17,196 18,812 18,486 17,43 142,223 143,88 144,774 146,17 143,22 138,283 3,71 3,918 3,43 4,37 4,48 4,23 14,924 147,776 148,24 1,482 147,61 142,18 Ending Stocks 717 717 617 899 1,313 1,34 Algeria 783 883 1,183 1,883 1,69 1,12 Australia 986 1,186 1,86 2,121 1,26 1,26,231,47,331,667 6,6,834 714 714 1,29 2,344 4,9 3,74 Saudi Arabia 918 818 818 338 961 332 Turkey 1,47 1,47 1,137 1,237 1,69 1,6 Ukraine,336,882,319 6,223 7,28 7,984 1,732 16,74 17,2 2,712 24,12 22,473 2,4 1,3 2,63 2,316 2,223 1,711 17,786 17,734 19,83 23,28 26,348 24,184 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 y 218