Grain: World Markets and Trade

MMT $/MT FOB MMT ust 218 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Grain: World Markets and Trade Tightening Wheat Supplies in Europe and Black Sea Ripple Through Global Commodity Markets Combined wheat production in the European Union,, and is forecast down 12 percent from last year to the lowest level in years. The EU wheat crop is down 9 percent from last year on hot, dry weather in the northern Member States, while production in and is down from recent bumper crops on a return to normal yields. With global wheat production down substantially from last year, prices are rising. The recent climb in global wheat prices has led corn prices higher as well, even as the spread between the two has widened. Thus, wheat has become less preferred in feed rations relative to corn. This is particularly evident in the, where corn imports and feeding are expected to be record high to support domestic feed demand. Wheat and barley feeding are expected down from the previous year. Also offsetting the lower EU wheat feeding is higher soy consumption.** Globally, wheat food use is forecast to continue steady growth, but the share of global trade occupied by the,, and is expected lower. These suppliers are likely to keep much of their core markets in place, but will likely lose share in regions such as North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia as their price advantage diminishes.,, and the are all expecting larger wheat crops and will likely become increasingly price competitive later in the year. *Prices are composites derived from IGC FOB Quotes. The wheat price is an average of UK feed and Black Sea Feed quotes. The corn price is an average of Black Sea Feed and France (Atlantic). The barley price is the average of Black Sea Feed, France (Rouen) Feed, and Germany (Hamburg) Feed. ** See ust 218 Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade. 2 2 1 26 24 22 2 18 16 14 2 1 1 - -1 Wheat Production Corn Lowest Price Feed Grain in EU/Black Sea Region* Wheat Corn Barley Year-to-Year Change in World Feed/Residual Use Corn Barley Wheat Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For email subscription, click here to register: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/usdafas/subscriber/new

Table of Contents World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data Wheat... 3 Rice... 6 Coarse Grains... 1 Selected Data Tables... 13 Endnotes... 39 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12: p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Grain: World Market and Trade Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ust 218

OVERVIEW FOR WHEAT Global wheat production is down this month mainly from smaller crops in the and Turkey. Global trade remains a record, but is forecast down from last month as higher prices weaken demand. Exports are projected lower for Australia and the, but up for and the. The U.S. season-average farm price is up $.1 to $.1 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: U.S. wheat prices for the month of y were mostly up due to concerns regarding production prospects in several other major wheat-exporting countries and the consequent tightening of global supplies. Prices for Soft Red Winter (SRW) were up $16/ton to $231 and Hard Red Winter (HRW) rose $24/ton to $24. Hard Red Spring (HRS) quotes improved $23/ton to $27, following some reports of lower-than-expected yields in major spring wheat areas. Soft White Winter (SWW) quotes declined $4/ton to $22. $/MT U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids 34 32 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 HRW SRW SWW HRS Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 ust 218

Global: Exporter prices were mostly up at the end of y. Concerns of drought in Australia have driven its prices up, leaving Australia uncompetitive on the international wheat market. EU prices were up based on concerns over the size of the new crop. Black Sea quotes rose on tightening global wheat supplies. U.S. prices are up similarly, supported by international market supplies. is down this month on expectations of a bumper crop. Month Ending Australia Black Sea EU US y $24 $28 $223 $246 $24 June $23 $23 $198 $29 $23 May $26 $263 $211 $21 $24 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC Note on FOB prices: - 12.%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% Gulf International Daily FOB Export Bids 28 26 24 $/ton 22 2 18 16 14 Australia Black Sea milling EU Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 ust 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Higher prices and tightening supplies in the Algeria Imports 7, 7,2 - Australia Exports 16, 16, High prices, uncompetitive; and higher - domestic feeding Euopean Union Exports 27, 23, -4, Lower production due to weather Mexico Exports 8 1, 2 Raised on higher 217/18 exports Pakistan Exports 1, 1,2 2 Larger crop Exports 34, 3, 1, Larger spring wheat crop Exports 27, 29, Improved competitiveness due to smaller crop in the TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Changes based on trade data Country Attribute Previous Current Change Australia Exports 16, 1,83-417 Exports 22,6 21,989-611 Egypt Imports 1 12, Exports 23, 23, 2 Mexico Exports 1, 1,2 2 Philippines Imports,8 6, 2 Exports 41, 4 1, South Africa Imports 1,8 2, 2 Grain: World Market and Trade WHEAT Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA ust 218

RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is minimally lower this month, but remains the second-highest on record. Global consumption is forecast fractionally lower, while ending stocks are down marginally. Global trade is raised slightly with higher imports forecast for Venezuela and Iraq. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global rice production and consumption are nearly unchanged this month. Lower exports for the, Burma, and are only partly offset by higher exports for Pakistan and. Global ending stocks are virtually unchanged. RICE PRICES Global: U.S. FOB export quotes for long-grain milled rice (bagged) dipped slightly to $6/ton, on promising prospects for the upcoming harvest. However, this remains a near-record premium over Thai rice. Likewise, the remains relatively uncompetitive compared to South American suppliers such as Uruguay, still quoted around $2/ton. Over this past month, Pakistani quotes at $41/ton have declined, following a typical seasonal pattern. Thai and Indian quotes are now both around $4/ton, while Vietnamese quotes are down to slightly below $39 on weaker demand from importers. 6 6 Weekly FOB Export Quotes: Last 12 Months $/MT 4 4 3 Thailand Vietnam India Pakistan Uruguay *Note on FOB prices: - #2/4 (long grain), Uruguay - %, Thailand - B, India - %, Vietnam - %, Pakistan % Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 ust 218

MARKET FEATURES Smallest Share of U.S. Rice Imports into Mexico since Pre-NAFTA Year to date in 218, the U.S. market share of Mexican rice imports is the lowest since 1992. NAFTA entered into force in 1994 and provided the advantage of duty-free imports into Mexico from the. As a result, U.S. exports of primarily paddy rice to Mexico soared, both in terms of market share, but also as the importer s consumption rose. For many years, the enjoyed nearly percent market share as Mexico became the leading U.S. rice export market. In light of high global prices, Mexico eliminated rice tariffs in 28, but only in 211 did other competitors begin to take market share, a trend that began to reverse as tariffs were reapplied in 21. However, Mexico established a duty-free annual quota of 1, tons for all types of rice from all suppliers in both 217 and 218. This has led to further erosion of U.S. market share. January to May 218 data shows U.S. market share at just under twothirds, with Thailand, Uruguay, and Guyana as other Uruguay key suppliers. This fierce competition has negative repercussions for U.S. exports, as Mexico has typically accounted for more than 2 percent of U.S. rice exports on a volume basis. Mexico Rice Market Share on a Milled Equivalent Basis January - May 218 Guyana Thailand % 9% 8% 7% 6% % 4% 3% 2% 1% % U.S. Share of the Mexico Rice Market 1991 1994 1997 2 23 26 29 212 21 218 YTD Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 ust 218

Pakistan Rice Exports Rise to New Record Pakistan is set to hit a new record for rice exports in 218, up 18 percent from last year. Supportive factors have included price competitiveness and steady demand from core markets. In addition, the country is also reaping the benefits of not using a fungicide that other competitors use. In 217, the announced a lower Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) for tricyclazole in rice, with full implementation of these tighter restrictions beginning in 218. Because Pakistani farmers do not have access to this fungicide, which is commonly used in many other countries, Pakistani exports are more easily entering this market. So far this year, EU imports from Pakistan have doubled, while imports from India are only one-third of the volume compared to the same period last year. In June 218, Saudi Arabia announced the same lower MRL for tricyclazole in rice. As a result, Pakistan s market share has the potential to rise in this market, while India s share will likely decline. 4.4 Pakistan Rice Exports 4.2 4. MMT 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3. 211 212 213 214 21 216 217 218 Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 ust 218

TRADE CHANGES IN 219 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Iraq Imports 1,1 1,2 Significantly lower domestic crop Pakistan Exports 4,2 4, Improved prospects in basmati markets Exports 3, 3,2 Challenges maintaining core markets amid - South American competition TRADE CHANGES IN 218 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Exports 4 3 Slow pace of shipments relative to other - South American suppliers Exports 8 9 Strong shipments, particularly to Venezuela Burma Exports 3, 3, Reduced sales amid higher prices and -2 recent flooding Pakistan Exports 4,2 4, Robust shipments to date and improved prospects for basmati sales Exports 3, 2,9 - Weak sales to core markets Grain: World Market and Trade RICE Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 ust 218

OVERVIEW FOR COARSE GRAINS Global corn production is up sharply this month with larger crops for the, Serbia,, and Zimbabwe more than offset reductions for and the. Global imports are higher, driven by record EU trade with stronger exports for and Serbia. U.S. exports are also raised on expectations of competitiveness well into the fall. The U.S. seasonaverage farm price is lowered to $3.6 per bushel. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global corn production is slightly lower this month primarily driven by a smaller second crop (safrinha) in. Global trade is forecast lower driven by smaller imports for Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam more than offsetting gains for the, Israel, and Lebanon. U.S. exports are raised to a record on continued strong sales and shipments. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.4 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices have moved up since the previous WASDE, largely driven by concerns over tightening supplies of wheat in the global market and moderating U.S. corn yield expectations. Even with slow foreign demand, both Argentine and ian bids were up $13/ton each to $17 and $18, respectively. Black Sea bids were up $1/ton to $189 on demand from EU and. U.S. bids were up $1/ton to $17 reflecting continued strong sales and shipments. The remains the most competitive supplier. 21 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids $/MT 2 19 18 17 16 1 14 Up River Black Sea Paranagua US Gulf Grain: World Market and Trade Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ust 218

MARKET FEATURE 's Corn Exports Trend Up 2 % 2 7% MMT 1 1 % 2% 216/17 Oct-May 217/18 Oct-May % EU-28 ROW Forecast EU-28 NA ME ROW East Asia Just in the last years, 's corn exports have expanded rapidly with rising acreage and competitive prices. Due to its proximity and acceptability as biotech-free, corn has been increasing its presence in nearby markets such as the, North Africa, and the Middle East. One key destination, however, is worth noting:. In 212/13, exported only 83 tons of corn to. In 214/1, exports to exceeded 4. million tons, and in 217/18, year-to-date exports to have already exceeded the total amount shipped in 216/17. This makes the top supplier to for the fourth year in a row, replacing the 1. For, particularly in the graindeficit southeastern provinces, corn is attractive due to strong demand for feed grains and price competitiveness 2. The two countries also have a symbiotic partnership that fits their broader strategic goals, such as the "loan-for-corn" deal that was signed in 212. Furthermore, a year-over-year comparison of corn exports shows that the share exported to has grown at the cost of other smaller destinations in East Asia and in the Rest of the World (ROW). Exports to the have been steady, if not growing, partially due to the duty-free access has enjoyed since 214. Key markets in North Africa and the Middle East have sputtered on increased competition from the. In, will be in a prime position to continue its growth as a corn exporter, with a growing crop and increasing export dependency. While tighter wheat supplies in Europe could boost demand for corn in the region, a solid partnership with and rising competitiveness provides significant tailwind for exports. 1 For additional context, the U.S. supplied nearly 7% of imported corn as the top supplier to until 213/14. During that marketing year, 's delayed approval of biotech event MIR-162 disrupted all trade. Although the biotech event was eventually approved in late 214, U.S. trade has not recovered since. 2 Using unit value data of Chinese imports from Oct-May, corn has been near 3% cheaper than the. This is calculated by dividing Total Import Value by Total Import Volume. This measure contains insurance, costs (such as tariffs), and freight and may be a better indicator of what Chinese buyers face, as opposed to exporter f.o.b. price. Grain: World Market and Trade Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 ust 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Expected slower pace in the first half of Barley Imports 6 To partly offset a smaller crop Barley Exports 6,8 6, -8 Smaller crop Corn Imports 16, 18, To partly offset wheat feeding Corn Exports 29, 26, -3, European Union Corn Exports 3, 4, Correction from last month Serbia Corn Exports 1,6 2,2 6 Larger crop and strong demand in the EU Barley Exports 3, 4, 1, Larger crop and strong demand in the EU Corn Exports 24, 24, Larger crop and strong demand in the EU Corn Exports 6, 9, Larger crop, strong new crop sales, 2, competitive prices Vietnam Corn Imports 1, 9, - Reflect lower trade with Zambia Corn Exports 7 4 - Smaller exportable supplies Zimbabwe Corn Imports 7-4 Larger crop TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Corn Exports 26, 24, - Continued slow pace Corn Exports 1,7 3 Strong exports to the EU in recent months Little purchasing from the since Sorghum Imports 4,8 4, - May Barley Exports 6,2,7 - Trade pace to date Corn Imports 16, 17, To partly offset wheat feed Iran Corn Imports 8, 8, - Trade pace to date Israel Corn Imports 1,6 2 Trade pace to date Lebanon Corn Imports 8 1, 2 Trade pace to date Saudi Arabia Barley Exports,4,6 2 Trade pace to date Corn Exports 4,8, Trade pace to date Barley Imports 8, 7,7 - Trade pace to date Corn Imports 4,2 4, -2 Trade pace to date Uganda Corn Exports 3 2 Reflected in Kenya trade data Barley Exports 4, 4, -2 Trade pace to date Corn Exports 19, 18, -1, Trade pace to date Corn Exports 61, 6 1, Continued strong sales and shipments Sorghum Exports,8,2-6 Little sales and shipments Vietnam Corn Imports 9, 9,2 - Trade pace to date Grain: World Market and Trade Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 ust 218

All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 Production (Jun-May) 62.8 47.4 1.1 7.1.7 6.7 384.8 371. 37. Other 689.2 71.6 678. 479.6 482.8 48.9 693.8 662.3 69.6 72. 78. 729.6 486.7 488. 487.6 1,78.6 1,33.3 1,61.1 Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) 31.9 29.3 31.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 313.8 317.8 32.8 Other 73. 711.8 71.2 472.6 477.2 481. 722. 748.8 77.8 734.9 741.1 741.6 476.8 481.3 48.2 1,36.3 1,66.6 1,91.6 Ending Stocks (Jun-May) 32.1 29.9 2.4 1. 1.1 1.4 8.3 1. 42.8 Other 22.1 243.2 233.6 13.3 142.7 142.2 169. 141.8 112.7 27.2 273.1 29. 136.8 143.8 143.6 227.8 193.3 1. TY Imports (Jun-May) 3.3 4.4 3.7.8.9.9 1. 1.1 1.3 Other 17.8 176.4 178. 44.4 4.1 4.9 137.8 14.9 11.3 179.1 18.8 181.7 4.2 46. 46.8 139.3 147. 12.6 TY Exports (Jun-May) 29.3 23.1 29. 3.3 3. 3.2.6 62. 9. Other 12.9 16.1 1.3 44.8 4.9 46.2 86.1 87.7 98. 182.2 183.2 184.3 48.1 48.9 49.4 141.7 149.7 17. Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (-), Corn (Sep-).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 ust 218

World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade y/june Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 4,2 8,7 12,27 13,7 13, 13, Australia 16,7 1,78 22,61 1,83 16, 16, 24,883 22,118 2,23 21,989 24, 24, 83 729 748 1, 1,2 1,2 3,4 34,763 27,426 23, 27, 23, Kazakhstan,7 7,6 7,2 8, 8, 8, 22,8 2,43 27,89 4 34, 3, Serbia 93 88 1,43 8 1, Turkey 4,13,6 6,177 6,2 6, 6, 11,269 17,431 18,17 17, 16, 16, 12,67 11,73 9,723 9,26 9,118 9,73 138,877 1,272 12,84 16,173 18,718 1,273 23,23 21,817 29,319 23,67 27, 29, 161,9 172,89 182,173 183,24 18,718 184,273 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,7 2,7 2,6 3, 3, Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,414 8,2 7, 7,2 Bangladesh 3,929 4,72,6 6,4 7, 7,,869,922 7,788 6,72 7, 7, 1,926 3,476 4,41 4, 4, 4, Colombia 1,627 2,32 2,11 1,96 Egypt 11, 11,92 11,17 12, 12, 12,,979 6,928,299,6,, Indonesia 7,477 1,4 1,176 1, 11, 11, Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,446 4, 3,6 3,6 Japan,878,71,911 6,,8,8 Kenya 1,7 1,634 1,774 2,2 2,2 2, Korea, South 3,942 4,42 4,667 4,4 4, 4, Mexico 4,471 4,8,37,,6,6 Morocco 4,86 4,3,191 3,7 3, 3, Nigeria 4,244 4,41 4,972,2,,4 Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2,7 2, 2, Philippines,4 4,918,74 6,,8,8 Saudi Arabia 3,499 2,931 3,716 3, 3,4 3,4 Sudan 2,632 2,21 2,48 2,6 2,6 2,6 Thailand 3,492 4,872 3,689 3, 3,4 3, Turkey,96 4,4 4,42 6,4 4, 4, Uzbekistan 2,23 2,662 2,7 3, 3,2 3,2 Vietnam 2,292 3,7,46, 4,8 4,8 Yemen 3,24 3,332 3,278 3, 3, 3,,743 1,92 4,267 2,312 4,861 4,6 14,814 16,616 17,82 176,449 179,11 178,6 Unaccounted 3,97 3,416 3,9 2,433 3,7 2,67 3,989 3,7 3,294 4,38 3,7 3,7 161,9 172,89 182,173 183,24 18,718 184,273 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 ust 218

World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 19, 19, 18, 18,4 11, 13,93 2 2 21, 31,819 22,27 23,743 Australia 32, 32, 3, 32,14 27,647 29,442 128, 128, 129,77 128,84 13,19 126,28 8,4 8,4 8,4 8, 8, 8, Egypt 137, 14, 11,681 14,369 16,48 16,912 97, 97, 98,1 87, 86,3 9,8 India 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, Iran 14, 14, 14,82 14,98 13,748 12,996 Kazakhstan 8,2 8,2 7,92 2,731 8,64,116 Morocco 26, 2, 26,674 2,633 2,86 2,979 Pakistan 68, 67, 84,992 72,29 61,44 9,8 19, 2, 21, 17,2 19, 1,2 Turkey 2, 2, 26,981 26,791 27,274 24,7 6, 6, 6,9 6,94 7,2 7,1 Uzbekistan 1,6 1,9,493 6,127 6,87,38 678, 68, 71,64 689,19 679,79 673,64 1,78 1,2 47,371 62,833 6,117,147 729,628 736,2 78,16 71,992 73,912 728,211 Total Consumption 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1, Algeria 12, 12,2 1 12,2 11, 1,7 9,4 9, 9, 1,73 7,969 9,118 12 12 117, 118, 11 116, 2, 2, 19,8 19,4 19,2 19, Egypt 124, 127, 13,4 128, 129,8 124,677 98, 98, 9,834 97,12 88,1 93,12 India 11, 11, 1,9 1, 9, 7,36 Indonesia 17, 17, 16,9 16,7 16,6 16,4 Iran 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,2 9,8 9, Morocco 2, 2, 2, 24, 24,4 24, Pakistan 38, 39, 4, 4, 37, 3, 18, 18, 18, 17,4 18, 17, Turkey 9,2 9,4 9,9 1, 12,2 11, 9,7 9,7 9,7 9, 9,3 8,9 Uzbekistan 17,98 17,18 171,228 168,219 16,87 14,16 712,387 717,386 712,81 77,163 678,988 672,732 31,33 31,489 29,317 31,864 31,944 31,328 743,74 748,87 742,132 739,27 71,932 74,6 Ending Stocks,6,6,96 6,96,178 7,11 136,119 136,119 126,819 111,49 97,42 76,1 1,11 1,387 14,11 1,734 1,492 12,697 12,33 12,33 13,23 9,8 14,4 17,22 India,43,426 4,83 4,44 6,86 4,281 Morocco 4,64 4,4 4,83 4,31 3,81 3,71 Pakistan 4,822 4,822 9,222 1,83,67 6,287,13,97 64,128 66,842 69,14 71,364 233,11 234,78 243,126 22,6 217,67 198,76 2,448 26,8 29,94 32,131 26,2 2,477 28,99 26,878 273,71 27,187 244,222 219,242 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ust 218

Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 9,4 8,373 9,167 1,13 9,8 9,7 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 1,96 2, 2, South America 13,217 13,437 16,276 1,47 16,41 16,41-28,979 6,928,299,6,, Other Europe 1,76 1,838 1,986 1,92 1,92 1,92 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,42 7,338 8,224 8,88 8,91 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,773 2,8 24,22 24, North Africa 2,43 27,873 28,273 27, 26,27 2,9 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,894 22,81 22,167 2,36 26,7 26,1 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,3 16,93 16,93 16,93 South Asia 8,164 8,823 1,469 11,28 12,171 12,191 Southeast Asia 2,76 2,483 27,761 27,1 28,4 28,3 3,22 3,147 3,27 3,47 3,2 3,3 Total 18,83 168,673 179,114 18,87 182,711 181,76 Production North America 88,29 87,47 98,838 8,86 86, 86,378 South America 24,87 21,61 28,83 2,137 27,64 27,44-28 16,912 16,48 14,369 11,681 14, 137, Other Europe 4,88 4,39 4,749 4,39 4,93,3 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,38 117,92 13,87 142,216 121,24 122,4 Middle East 3,414 42,4 38,791 41,2 4,86 39,86 North Africa 17,29 19,976 14,81 19,246 21, 21, Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,694 7,71 7,34 7,69 7,69 East Asia 127,673 131,469 13,19 131,9 129,31 129,31 South Asia 13,1 119,663 12,837 133,99 129,491 13,291 Oceania 24,17 22,689 32,278 21,79 22,46 22,46 187 199 181 136 131 131 Total 728,211 73,912 71,992 78,16 736,2 729,628 Domestic Consumption North America 47,296 46,913,17 46,317 48,389 48,43 South America 27,6 27,71 28,64 28,93 29,6 29, - 28 124,677 129,8 128, 13,4 127, 124, Other Europe 4,87 4,94,4,4,19,19 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,98 77,7 78,6 83,9 77,89 76,64 Middle East 7,24 8,887 9,61 6,8 6,7 6,71 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44, 4,2 4,87 4,9 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,14 29,139 29,817 32,29 33,449 33,74 East Asia 129,46 12,228 132,32 13,311 13,217 13,217 South Asia 132,399 128,91 139,22 139, 141,967 141,967 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,63 27,21 27,26 Oceania 8,64 8, 8,84 8,71 9,6 9,7 3,74 3,82 3,834 3,917 3,99 4, Total 699,346 78,171 734,86 741,129 746,17 741,1 Ending Stocks North America 28,29 32,39 39,913 36,671 32,476 3,924 South America 8,376 3,99 4,73 4,8 3,616 3,11-28 12,697 1,492 1,734 14,11 1,387 1,11 Other Europe 1,321 1,63 1,97 1,916 1,984 2,1 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,67 16,791 21,14 18,2 11,81 12,3 Middle East 2,41 22,18 18,621 18,172 1,426 14,282 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,89 14,78 1,216 14,993 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,979 3,794 2,993 3,16 2,83 2,836 East Asia 79,217,44 114,27 13,211 139,444 139,342 South Asia 23,19 21,26 16,66 2,312 18,448 19,137 Southeast Asia 3,921,413,87,71,742,76 Oceania 4,96 4,11,96,24 3,31 3,3 44 418 438 42 39 43 Total 219,242 244,222 27,187 273,71 26,878 28,99 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 ust 218

World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 31 27 392 3 4 4 Australia 323 16 187 27 27 27 89 641 94 9 7 7 Burma 1,73 1, 3,3 3, 3, 3, Cambodia 1,1 1, 1,1 1,2 1, 1, 262 368 1,173 1,6 1,8 1,8 21 27 369 3 3 Guyana 486 431 44 48 48 48 India 11,46 1,4 12,6 12,8 12, 12, Pakistan 4, 4, 3,642 4, 4,2 4, Paraguay 371 7 6 6 6 163 198 17 16 14 16 Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 1, 11, 11, Uruguay 718 996 1,1 86 8 8 Vietnam 6,66,88 6,488 7, 7, 7, 1,238 1,29 1,22 1,14 1,34 1,34 39,333 36,87 44,78 4,91 46,79 46,249 3,381 3,3 3,349 2,9 3, 3,2 42,714 4,162 48,7 48,86 49,379 49,449 TY Imports Bangladesh 98 3 2,348 1,2 1, 1, Benin 4 4 2 6 6 363 786 74 6 7 7 Burkina 3 42 6 6 Cameroon 6 6 7 7,1 4,6,9,,, Cote d'ivoire 1,1 1, 1,3 1, 1,6 1,6 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Ghana 8 7 6 7 68 68 Guinea 42 6 7 77 8 8 Indonesia 1,3 1, 3 1,2 1,2 Iran 1, 1, 1, 1, Iraq 1, 93 1,6 1,1 1,1 1,2 Japan 688 68 679 68 68 68 Kenya 4 67 7 7 7 Malaysia 1,1 823 9 9 1, 1, Mexico 719 731 91 8 88 88 Mozambique 7 62 71 72 7 7 Nepal 3 3 34 6 6 6 Nigeria 2, 2, 2, 2,6 3, 3, Philippines 8 1,2 1, 1, Saudi Arabia 1,61 1,26 1,19 1,2 1, 1, Senegal 99 98 1, 1,1 1,2 1,2 South Africa 912 94 1,4 1, 1, 1, United Arab Emirates 8 67 7 82 9 9 12,24 11,894 13,972 14,4 14,4 14,47 39,383 36,889 44,41 4,164 4,7 4,92 Unaccounted 2,74 2,6 2,869 2,846 2,774 2,674 77 767 787 8 8 8 42,714 4,162 48,7 48,86 49,379 49,449 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 217/18 is calendar year 218, 216/17 is calendar year 217, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 ust 218

World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Milled Production Bangladesh 34, 34, 34,78 32,6 34,7 34,7 8,46 7,21 8,383 8,7 8,24 8,24 Burma 12,6 12,16 12,6 13,2 13,4 13,4 Cambodia 4,92 4,931,26,399,, 144,6 14,77 144,93 14,989 142,2 142,2 India 1,482 14,48 19,698 11, 19, 19, Indonesia 3,6 36,2 36,88 37, 37, 37, Japan 7,849 7,67 7,78 7,86 7,6 7,6 Korea, South 4,241 4,327 4,197 3,972 3,73 3,73 Nepal 3,19 2,863 3,48 3,31 3,33 3,33 Nigeria 3,782 3,941 3,78 3,78 3,78 3,78 Pakistan 7,3 6,82 6,849 7, 7,4 7,4 Philippines 11,914 11,8 11,686 12, 12,3 12,3 Thailand 18,7 1,8 19,2 2,37 21,2 21,2 Vietnam 28,166 27,84 27,4 28,943 29,69 29,69 41,672 41,937 42,848 42,87 42,42 42,287 472,69 467,111 479,96 482,881 481,3 48,87 7,16 6,133 7,117,69 6,763 6,69 479,76 473,244 486,713 488,4 487,798 487,6 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,6 3,6 7,92 7,9 8, 8,2 8, 8, Burma 1, 1,4 1, 9,9 9,9 9,9 Cambodia 3,9 3,9 4, 4, 4,2 4,2 14,334 14,799 141,448 142,7 144, 144, Egypt 4, 3,9 4, 4,4 4,4 4,4 India 98,244 93,68 9,776 97,3 98, 98, Indonesia 38, 37,8 37,8 38, 38,2 38,2 Japan 8,6 8,6 8, 8,4 8,4 8,4 Korea, South 4,197 4,212 4,61 4,87 4,47 4,47 Nepal 3,77 3,33 4,1 3,91 3,93 3,93 Nigeria 6, 6,4 6, 6,7 6,9 6,9 Philippines 13, 12,9 12,9 13, 13,4 13,4 Thailand 1, 9, 1 11,17 1,2 1,2 Vietnam 2 22, 2 22, 22,4 22,4 61,26 62,369 6,671 67,197 68,968 69,1 469,77 464,831 478,3 477,369 483,844 483,6 4,284 3,8 4,23 4,127 4,64 4,19 473,861 468,411 482,76 481,496 487,98 487,89 Ending Stocks Bangladesh 1,92 1,2 84 1, 1,6 1,6 69, 78, 86, 93,989 9,989 9,989 India 17,8 18,4 2, 2,4 18,9 18,9 Indonesia 4,111 3,9 2,91 3,913 4,211 4,211 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,491 2,262 2,97 2,97 Philippines 2,49 2,117 2,3 2,43 2,46 2,43 Thailand 11,27 8,43 4,238 3,188 3,438 3,438 17,433 16,66 1,761 1,9 13,631 13,1 126,436 131,346 13,312 142,714 142,412 142,189 1,2 1,47 1,462 1,14 1,342 1,38 127,988 132,821 136,774 143,818 143,74 143,74 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 ust 218

Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,84 2,61 2,7 2,11 2,11 Caribbean 1,14 1,19 1,13 1,18 1,26 1,26 South America 1,686 2,1 1,888 1,89 1,71 1,78 Other Europe 128 138 124 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 72 42 39 8 61 61 Middle East 6,464,683 6,39 6, 6,78 6,88 North Africa 396 483 49 49 8 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 14,619 1,2 16,18 16,18 East Asia 6,686 6,97 7,18 7,14 7,14 7,14 South Asia 1,693 94 4,6 2,6 2,47 2,47 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676,4 4,46 4,46 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Total 4,14 37,66 4,188 46,19 46,6 46,77 Production North America 7,28 6,289 7,292,842 6,941 6,873 Caribbean 979 86 981 1,21 1,18 1,18 South America 16,783 1,633 16,673 16,74 16,46 16,46-28 1,94 2, 2,78 2,37 2,4 2,4 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,18 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,167 1,27 Middle East 2,24 2,392 2,284 2,446 2,36 2,283 North Africa 4,3 4,44 4,837 4,34 3,342 3,342 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,246 16,114 16,4 16,237 17,7 16,879 East Asia 19,486 16,163 19,748 16,28 16,268 16,268 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,927 16,296 17,386 17,386 Southeast Asia 11,91 111,49 116,821 121,33 122,69 122,69 Total 479,76 473,244 486,713 488,4 487,798 487,6 Domestic Consumption North America,17 4,87,499,49,376,471 Central America 1,196 1,261 1,291 1,276 1,3 1,34 Caribbean 2,29 1,97 2,64 2,8 2,218 2,218 South America 14,928 14,937 14,936 1,21 1,143 1,229-28 3,4 3, 3,6 3,6 3,7 3,68 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,3 1,498 1,1 1,9 1,629 1,639 Middle East 9, 8,449 8,788 8,99 9,8 9,13 North Africa 4,47 4,279 4,724 4,88 4,892 4,892 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,17 28,166 3,466 31,432 32,798 32,67 East Asia 16,4 16,417 17,827 19,173 16, 16, South Asia 143,183 138,767 141,637 143,46 144,68 144,68 Southeast Asia 12,642 11,77 13,89 13,96 13,81 13,81 Total 471,78 466,431 476,836 481,34 48,137 48,21 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,62 1,634 1,294 1,6 1,63 Central America 219 287 273 263 26 277 Caribbean 223 231 291 337 382 377 South America 2,211 1,64 1,78 1,827 1,733 1,73-28 1,11 1,183 1,183 1,11 1,174 1,84 Middle East 1,742 1,214 1,133 1,34 1,34 1,7 North Africa 924 924 1,426 1,326 66 66 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,342 2,822 2,66 2,326 2,3 2,3 East Asia 73,483 83,126 91,11 97,877 99,332 99,332 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,16 23,742 22,223 22,23 Southeast Asia 21,3 17,98 11,826 12,341 12,91 13,8 Oceania 223 77 28 177 112 112 Total 127,988 132,821 136,774 143,818 143,74 143,74 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 ust 218

World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 21,3 2,29 26,1 27, 3,3 3,3 Australia 7,286 6,389 1,29 7,42 8,37 8,37 21,94 3,41 19,797 24,1 29,1 27,1 3,64 4,693,36,8,4,42 1,68 1,979 8,192 7,99 8,7 7,9 Paraguay 3,31 2,663 1,767 2, 2,1 2,1 9,1 8,46 9,28 1,98 8,36 8,84 Serbia 3,1 1,93 2,447 7 1,6 2,2 South Africa 77 77 1,82 2,11 2,11 2,11 24,28 21,47 26,868 23, 27,71 29,16 8,37 7,966 8,38 8,826 8,7 8,3 117,4 12,68 119,87 12,241 132,27 131,8 6,419 9,23 61,788 67,36 61,13 63,63 173,874 184,91 181,64 187,66 193,4 19,43 TY Imports Algeria 4,863,224 4,49 4,91,37,32 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, 1,23 2,123 3,177 1,31 1, 1, Chile 1,77 1,72 1,74 1,8 2,13 2,13 2,699 17,499 16, 17, 16,9 16,9 Colombia 4,747 4,824,7,33,3,3 Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,79 9,42 9,72 9,72 9,48 14,274 1,683 17,92 16, 18,8 Iran 8, 8, 1, 11, 11, 11, Israel 1,61 1, 1,916 1,84 1,68 1,68 Japan 16,726 17,7 16,999 17,7 16,87 16,87 Jordan 1,448 1,713 1,88 1, Korea, South 1,274 1,213 9,319 9,99 1,39 1,39 Libya 1,68 1,9 1,763 1, 1, Malaysia 3,243 4,122 3,31 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,64 14,881 1,238 16,46 18,31 18,31 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,7 3,2 2,92 2,92 Peru 2,863 3,83 3,438 3,41 3,6 3,6 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 11,8 13,21 13,21 Taiwan 3,938 4,781 4,267 4,2 4, 4, Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,74 1,7 1,77 1,7 Turkey 2,719 713 1,712 3,2 2,3 2,3 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,24 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,647 9,29 1,12 9,62 2,869 21,863 21,38 19,32 19,418 18,938 166,117 176,3 174,43 18,843 18,71 186,81 Unaccounted 4,462 4,629 3,828 3,68 4,19,12 3,29 3,981 3,414 3,1 3, 3, 173,874 184,91 181,64 187,66 193,4 19,43 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ust 218

World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 36,782 38,439 48,69 4,331 48,83 48,83 Australia 12,6 12,44 17,266 11,98 12,346 12,346 87,671 68,649 11,7 8,792 98,97 97,48 22,17 2,769 26,623 26,2 27,2 27,2 222,4 231,487 226,867 223,391 232,8 232,8 Ethiopia 14,442 1,149 1,94 13,96 14,18 14,18 17,67 12,66 12,9 12,971 14,661 1,428 India 43,76 38,71 43,47 4, 43,89 43,89 Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 32,689 32,378 33,263 32,11 31,89 31,89 Nigeria 18,341 19,2 19,111 19, 19, 19, 4,386 37,427 4,76 41,712 36,42 3,97 South Africa 11,79 8,68 18,117 14,2 14,8 14,8 Turkey 9,311 14,181 1,776 12,971 13,1 13,1 39,389 33,387 39,217 34,71 38,2 4,9 164,78 16,833 162,7 164,693 163,228 163,686 934,31 89,819 967,313 93,216 961,819 97,467 377,234 367,9 42,612 384,2 37,9 384,66 1,311,76 1,262,828 1,369,92 1,314,471 1,336,914 1,342,132 Domestic Consumption 14,232 14,221 16,44 1,324 16,3 16,3 6,9 9,823 64,32 67,461 68,992 7,42 21,293 2,9 21,939 23,24 23,3 23,3 228,79 238,79 22,948 262,8 27,43 27,43 Egypt 14,832 1,83 16,27 16,779 16,978 16,978 Ethiopia 13,68 1,21 1,142 14,13 14,8 14,8 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,32 164,37 164,32 India 4,474 4,21 42,62 44,62 44,72 44,72 Iran 12,2 14,2 13,82 1,32 1,72 1,82 Japan 16,874 17,27 17,246 17,31 17,414 17,414 Mexico 42,17 44,71 46,84 48,31,84,84 Nigeria 18,132 18,99 19,46 19,2 19, 19, 31,139 29,71 32,7 31,31 28,22 27,82 Saudi Arabia 11,9 14,7 13,61 13,19 14,27 13,87 Turkey 12,91 14,21 12,891 1,131 1,711 1,711 248,334 248,77 27,1 28,168 26,83 29,971 96,498 946,73 1,28,41 1,26,222 1,48,46 1,48,974 311,339 312,99 327,23 327,71 329,8 332,73 1,276,837 1,28,672 1,3,933 1,33,932 1,378,126 1,381,727 Ending Stocks 4,274 3,279 6,79 4,616 6,616 6,616 8,23 7,1 14,492 1,864 9,9 1,42 3,13 4,974,63 4,313 4,228 3,993 11,917 112,86 11,949 8,18 9,8 9,38 18,88 1,71 1,23 1,794 13,6 12,82 Mexico 4,832,889 6,9,364 3,2 3,224 3,291 3,171 2,997 2,696 2,771 2,781 2,121 48,8 47,34 43,8 37,772 37,292 197,68 2,6 199,996 167,47 136,796 136,63 46,948 48,112 62,168,296 42,997 46,473 244,16 248,172 262,164 222,73 179,793 183,18 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 ust 218

Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 16,648 19,962 19,43 21,14 22,42 22,42 Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,69 2,84 2,84 2,84 South America 13,3 13,84 1,47 14,261 1,14 1,14-28 9,48 14,274 1,683 17,92 16, 18,8 Former Soviet Union - 12 74 1 828 7 7 72 Middle East 27,68 29,73 3,17 32,6 33,126 33,26 North Africa 18,228 2,819 19,337 2,332 21,172 2,947 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,83 6,7 6,689 4,31 4,621 4,221 East Asia 6,684 49,97 46,733 48,31 48,31 48,31 Southeast Asia 14,786 1,89 14,13 14,81 16,2 1,7 1,967 3,12 2,942 3,138 4,76 4,76 Total 169,412 18,286 177,817 183,948 189,21 19,31 Production North America 432,3 42,16 462,498 442,971 434,1 444,8 South America 139,743 122,16 163,18 139,731 162,11 16,673-28 17,67 12,66 12,9 12,971 14,661 1,428 Other Europe 1,927 9,271 11,41 7,188 9,476 1,76 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,963 82,74 92,737 88,798 88,73 89,668 Middle East 17,36 21,6 18,83 2,82 19,89 19,89 North Africa 1,927 12,289 9,263 11,177 12,32 12,32 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,74 12,96 116,918 114,69 11,232 19,36 East Asia 22,83 234,218 229,2 226,2 23,24 23,24 South Asia 4,649,66 6,63 8,888 8,179 8,179 Southeast Asia 3,949 31,988 34,6 34,218 34,243 34,243 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,883 12,388 12,978 12,978 4,76 4,392 4,927 4,938 4,996 4,996 Total 1,311,76 1,262,828 1,369,92 1,314,471 1,336,914 1,342,132 Domestic Consumption North America 374,87 378,214 396,37 399,26 43,4 46,628 South America 98,737 98,42 13,17 17,67 111,286 112,336-28 162,92 17,12 16,84 162,32 164,37 164,32 Other Europe 8,347 8,2 9,2 7,926 8,277 8,277 Former Soviet Union - 12 8,467 3,74 6,364 4,479,988,983 Middle East 4,6 1,6,391 3,26 4,281 3,911 North Africa 3,168 32,142 31,43 31,789 32,93 32,713 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,473 18,14 11,642 114,9 113,37 113,37 East Asia 262,487 273,16 286,371 296,144 3,112 3,112 South Asia 2,617 3,832 6,99 6,413 61,4 61,4 Southeast Asia 41,23 44,41 4,96 46,84 48,28 47,48 Oceania,846 6,429 6,79,786,261,261 1,34 1,897 11,328 11,676 11,936 11,936 Total 1,26,69 1,276,177 1,33,119 1,31,669 1,371,236 1,373,877 Ending Stocks North America,293 8,97 73,78 64,973,43 3,69 South America 1,927 13,631 24,42 18,211 18,746 19,763-28 18,88 1,71 1,23 1,794 13,6 12,82 Other Europe 1,12 963 1,647 91 1,22 1,244 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,874 6,21 6,81,86,364,24 Middle East 8,999 9,2,912 6,18 4,17 4,833 North Africa,412,87 3,7 3,366 3,796 3,622 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,434 1,242 12,498 12,923 1,644 1,69 East Asia 1,819 116,44 16,16 84,333 63,17 62,98 South Asia,312 3,21 4,173 4,438 3,688 3,688 Southeast Asia 4,171,7 3,889 2,927 2,86 2,82 Oceania 1,66 1,62 2,778 1,727 1,244 1,249 1,123 1,141 1,198 1,213 1,98 1,98 Total 244,16 248,172 262,164 222,73 179,793 183,18 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 ust 218

World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 18,448 21,678 22,91 24, 27, 27, 21,99 3,382 19,794 24, 29, 27, 39 1,767 1,38 1,7 1, 1, 4,27 1,93 2,189 1, 1, Mexico 784 1,9 1,39 1, 1, 1, Paraguay 3,12 2,662 1,77 3,213 4,691,89, 3, 4, Serbia 2,964 1,6 2,414 7 1,6 2,2 South Africa 746 79 1,816 2, 2, 2, 19,661 16,9 21,334 18, 24, 24, 6,4,14,16, 4,93 4,68 81,9 93,71 86,77 87,6 98,68 98,3 46,831 1,98,93 6 6, 9, 128,39 144,849 141,67 149,6 1,18 17,3 TY Imports Algeria 4,116 4,329 3,91 4,4 4,8 4,8 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, Chile 1,16 1,39 1,484 1,7,16 3,174 2,464 4,,, Colombia 4,496 4,48 4,748,,2,2 Cuba 886 83 964 1, 1, 1, Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,839 8,722 8,773 9,4 9,7 9,7 8,98 13,792 1,23 17, 16, 18, Guatemala 881 1,27 91 1, 1, 1, Iran 6, 6,6 7,8 8, 8, 8, Israel 1,294 1,12 1,1 1,6 Japan 14,67 1,21 1,169 1,2 14, 14, Kenya 6 2 1, 1,2 1, 1, Korea, South 1,168 1,121 9,231 9,8 1,2 1,2 Malaysia 3,243 4,122 3,31 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,341 14,11 14,69 16,2 16,2 16,2 Morocco 1,941 2,224 2,164 2, 2,6 2,6 Peru 2,741 2,98 3,269 3, 3,4 3,4 Saudi Arabia 2,94 3,83 3,421 4,,2,2 Taiwan 3,81 4,66 4,163 4, 4, 4, Tunisia 1,42 1,17 1,244 1, 1, 1, Turkey 2,377 67 1,421 2, 2,2 2,2 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,238 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,7 8,6 8, 9,2 1, 9, 17,69 19,69 18,84 1,73 16,188 1,788 124,888 136,723 137,867 14,93 1,188 11,288 Unaccounted 2,693 6,344 2,32 2,72 3,692 4,442 89 1,782 1,41 1, 1, 1, 128,39 144,849 141,67 149,6 1,18 17,3 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 ust 218

World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 29,7 29, 41, 33, 41, 41, 8, 67, 98, 83, 96, 94, 11,66 13,68 13,889 14, 14,8 14,8 21,646 224,632 219,2 21,891 22, 22, Ethiopia 7,23 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,734 8,748 61,888 62,277 61, 9,8 India 24,17 22,7 2,9 26,88 26, 26, Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 2,48 2,971 27,7 26,8 26, 26, Nigeria 1,9 1,62 1,7 11, 11, 11, Philippines 7,671 6,966 8,87 8,4 8, 8, 11,32 13,168 1,3 13,229 1 1 Serbia 7,7 6, 7,6 4, 6, 6,6 South Africa 1,629 8,214 17,1 13,8 14, 13, 28,4 23,333 27,969 24,11 3, 31, 12,11 99,91,6 17,811 12,24 12,4 661,7 627,73 693,777 662,343 692,84 69,4 361,91 34,6 384,778 37,96 361,49 37,14 1,22,661 973,241 1,78, 1,33,33 1,4,34 1,61,4 Total Consumption 9, 9, 11,2 1,8 1 1 7, 7, 6, 64, 6, 66, 12,823 12,29 12,9 14, 13,9 13,9 2 217, 23 241, 21, 21, Egypt 13,9 14,8 1, 1,9 16, 16, 77,88 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, India 22,3 23, 24,9 26, 26, 26, Indonesia 12,2 12, 12, 12,2 12, 12, Iran 7,4 8,8 9, 9, 9,8 9,8 Japan 14,6 1,2 1,2 1,2 14,8 14,8 Korea, South 1,2 1,123 9,41 9,8 1, 1, Mexico 34, 37, 4,4 42, 43,2 43,2 Nigeria 9,9 1,6 11,2 11, 11, 11, South Africa 11,6 1,97 12,663 12, 12,6 12,6 Vietnam 9,4 12,2 12,9 13,4 13,9 13, 163,81 164,9 168,466 174,299 177,838 178,188 686,63 671,127 746,966 7,33 77,83 778,78 31,792 298,844 313,828 317,768 318,277 32,817 987,8 969,971 1,6,794 1,67,81 1,94,8 1,98,89 Ending Stocks 2,898 1,49,284 3,489,494,494 7,842 6,769 14,19 1,19 9,219 1,219 1,18 2,4 2,74 2,374 2,424 2,224,472 11,774,713 79,4 8,4 8,4 9,626 6,713 7,43 8,212,3,12 Korea, South 1,86 1,936 1,832 1,98 1,884 1,884 Mexico 4,9,213,418 4,818 2,318 2,318 34,17 3,63 32, 3,98 27,178 26,62 162,823 16,944 169,7 141,832 112,24 112,717 43,974 44,123 8,23 1,498 39,432 42,772 26,797 21,67 227,828 193,33 11,96 1,489 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 ust 218

Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 13,686 16,71 16,76 18,7 18, 18, Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, South America 12,42 12,462 13,713 13,2 13,76 13,76-28 8,98 13,792 1,23 17, 16, 18, Former Soviet Union - 12 361 374 47 38 38 Middle East 1,17 14,886 16,92 19,2 2, 2, North Africa 1,622 16,873 16,77 18,2 19, 19, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323,48,97 3,148 3,693 3,293 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,12 33,1 33,7 33,7 Southeast Asia 14,72 1,781 13,968 14,4 16,9 1,9 Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,67 2,84 2,84 2,84 1,69 2,47 2,36 2,68 3,66 3,66 Total 12,697 138, 139,318 146,93 11,488 12,88 Production North America 398,177 38,17 426,242 411,86 42,29 411,314 South America 127,7 18,837 149,824 127,22 148,43 146,93-28 7,734 8,748 61,888 62,277 61, 9,8 Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,432,33 7,9 8,19 Former Soviet Union - 12 44,188 4,147 47,791 42,69 46, 47,7 Middle East 6,94 7,791 6,99 7,786 6,736 6,736 North Africa 6,8 6,96 6,13 6,61 6,1 6,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,89 62,466 71,79 73,8 69,12 68,22 East Asia 217,99 227,71 221,888 218,24 227,46 227,46 South Asia 34,398 33,2 37,73 39,4 39,86 39,86 Central America 3,88 3,278 3,78 3,84 3,8 3,8 Southeast Asia 3,6 31,693 33,716 33,928 33,93 33,93 1,43 1,28 1,349 1,21 1,313 1,313 Total 1,22,661 973,241 1,78, 1,33,33 1,4,34 1,61,4 Domestic Consumption North America 349,16 348,173 367,183 374,68 37,377 377,917 South America 87,61 87,971 91,723 96,39 99,91,91-28 77,88 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, Other Europe 6,297 6,22 6,932,89 6,2 6,2 Former Soviet Union - 12 21,71 19,82 2,11 18,74 18,3 19,3 Middle East 21,738 23,2 24,33 26,31 27,8 27,8 North Africa 22, 22,99 23,39 24,8 2,6 2,6 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,881 67,26 7,144 72,2 71,627 71,477 East Asia 233,127 249,467 263,62 272,3 282,6 282,6 South Asia 33,123 3,63 37,88 4,939 42,81 42,81 Southeast Asia 4,849 43,634 4,497 46,28 47,84 47,4 Central America 6,76 7,18 7,2 7,74 7,91 7,91 3,984 3,99 3,942 4,1 4,1 4,1 Total 97,76 989,266 1,36,322 1,66,67 1,87,1 1,91,6 Ending Stocks North America 49,82 1,786 66,24 8,69 44,174 47,314 South America 13,743 11,22 22,193 16,412 16,97 17,97-28 9,626 6,713 7,43 8,212,3,12 Other Europe 896 849 1,487 78 1,97 1,1 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,1 2,62 3,79 2,83 2,73 2,683 Middle East 3,727 2,747 2,11 2,2 1,911 1,913 North Africa 3,29 2,988 2,4 2,446 2,387 2,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,8 7,686 1,1 1,838 8,639 8,64 East Asia 13,922 114,71 14,43 83,383 61,839 61,839 South Asia 3,924 2,489 3,198 3,234 2,769 2,769 Southeast Asia 4,16,1 3,879 2,917 2,796 2,81 Central America 79 794 8 868 793 793 49 432 443 41 388 388 Total 26,797 21,67 227,828 193,33 11,96 1,489 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ust 218

World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 1,99 2,836 2,696 2, 2,8 2,8 Australia,266,41 9,193 6, 6, 6, 1,386 1,147 1,89 2, 2, 1,642 8,644,683,7 6,8 6, Kazakhstan 479 87 869 1, Moldova 81 9 143 1 1 1,87 3,73 3,626,6 4,8 4,8 Turkey 4 14 2 4,332 4,673,337 4, 3, 4, Uruguay 43 42 111 1 12 1 164 82 47 71 29,83 27,426 29,28 28,11 28,37 28,6 291 161 12 13 3,94 27,87 29,63 28,281 28,47 28,7 TY Imports Algeria 723 864 33 Belarus 1 7 19 3 489 1 737 6 6 16 131 74 6 9,89,869 8,14 8,2 9, 9, Colombia 249 31 28 28 28 28 269 31 447 6 India 2 67 324 Iran 1,9 1,7 2,2 3, 3, 3, Israel 278 319 376 2 2 2 Japan 1,97 1,14 1,197 1,2 1, 1, Jordan 79 92 79 7 6 6 Kuwait 412 11 69 4 2 2 Libya 1,1 1,324 1,84 6 Morocco 276 98 47 Peru 122 98 169 1 1 Saudi Arabia 8,2 1,4 8,4 7,7 8, 8, Tunisia 483 696 1 6 67 6 United Arab Emirates 393 668 1 2 4 4 Vietnam 2 79 147 9 12 12 1,742 1,166 1,96 1,816 1,66 966 28,472 28,8 28,492 27,281 28,46 28,21 Unaccounted 1,192-84 944 77 24 279 43 32 217 23 4 4 3,94 27,87 29,63 28,281 28,47 28,7 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 ust 218

World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 968 1, 1, 1, Algeria 4, 4, 3,74 3, 4,94 2,9 8,8 8,8 8,9 13,6 8,993 8,646 Australia 1,7 1,7 1,42 1,23 1,849 1,988 Belarus 8,8 8,8 7,9 8,839 8,27 7,117 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,72 1,87 1,81 2,17 2,17 2, 2,2 2,47 1,93 Ethiopia 9,1 6, 9,64 9,978 62,9 6,69 1,79 1,79 1,7 1,44 1,613 1,831 India 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,2 Iran 3, 3, 3,3 3,231 2,67 2,412 Kazakhstan 2, 2, 62 3,4 1,638 Morocco 17, 17, 2,183 17,47 17,83 2,26 7,4 7,4 6,4 4,7 7,4 4, Turkey 8, 7, 8,69 9,874 8,71 9,4 9,811 9,71 9,844 1,694 9,1 9,148 14,971 141,261 141,169 142,89 14,24 138,28 3,4 3,366 3,9 4,33 4,7 3,93 144,371 144,627 144,29 147,162 149,774 141,981 Total Consumption 1,9 1,9 1,7 2, 2,1 2, Algeria 2,7 2,7 3, 3, 3, 3, Australia 1,7 1,7 1,4 1,8 Belarus 6,9 6,9 6,8 6,762 6,96 6,471 11, 11, 1, 9,8 7,9 11,6 2,12 2,12 2,7 2,2 1,99 1,97 Ethiopia 4, 4, 4,2, 1,37,937 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,2 India 6,,9 6, 4,,2 4,6 Iran 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,2 Kazakhstan 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,2 3,3 2,638 Morocco 12,6 12,6 14,7 14,7 13,7 14, 8,42 8,82 8,82 9,82 1,22 8,2 Saudi Arabia 7, 7, 6,7, 6,9,3 Turkey 3,6 3,6 4, 4,9 4,, 16,9 16,77 17,36 18,839 18,486 17,43 141,898 142,223 144,81 146,12 143,22 138,283 3,71 3,71 3,43 4,37 4,48 4,23 14,99 14,924 148,24 1,477 147,61 142,18 Ending Stocks 783 783 1,183 1,883 1,69 1,12 Australia 986 986 1,86 2,121 1,26 1,26,81,231,331,667 6,6,834 639 68 39 48 78 1,8 Iran 1,114 714 1,29 2,344 4,9 3,74 Saudi Arabia 871 918 771 338 961 332 Turkey 1,47 1,47 1,137 1,237 1,69 1,6,21,39,48 6,669 8,83 8,23 1,731 1,732 16,984 2,717 24,12 22,473 2,88 2,4 2,63 2,316 2,223 1,711 17,819 17,786 19,47 23,33 26,348 24,184 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 ust 218

Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters Million Metric Tons/Hectares Country Mktg Year Area Harvested Yield Productio n MY Imports MY Exports Feed and Residual Total Consumpti Ending Stocks Australia 21/11 3.7 2.2 8.. 4.7 3. 4.2 1. 211/12 3.7 2.2 8.2..4 2.1 3.3. 212/13 3.6 2.1 7.. 4. 1.8 3.. 213/14 3.8 2.4 9.2. 6.2 1. 2.8.7 214/1 4.1 2.1 8.6..2 1.7 3. 1.1 21/16 4.1 2.2 9...7 2. 3.3 1.1 216/17 4.8 2.8 13.. 9.2 2.2 3. 1.9 217/18 3.9 2.3 8.9. 6. 1.8 3.1 1.2 4.3 2. 8.8. 6. 1.4 2.7.8 21/11 2.4 3.2 7.6. 1.2 6.3 7. 1. 211/12 2.4 3.3 7.9. 1.3.7 6.9 1.2 212/13 2.8 2.9 8.. 1.4.7 6.8 1. 213/14 2.7 3.8 1.3. 1.6 6. 7.7 2. 214/1 2.2 3.3 7.1.1 1..3 6. 1.3 21/16 2.4 3. 8.3.2 1.2.8 7. 1. 216/17 2.3 3.9 8.8.1 1.. 6.8 2.1 217/18 2.1 3.8 7.9.1 2.2.6 6.8 1.1 2.4 3.7 8.8.1 2.1.7 6.9 1. 21/11 12. 4.3 3.7.2 4.9 41.3 6.6 7.9 211/12 11.9 4.3 1.9. 3. 3.8 1.2 6.1 212/13 12. 4.4 4.9.1. 3. 1.. 213/14 12.4 4.8 9.7..7 38. 3.4.6 214/1 12.4 4.9 6.6.1 9. 3.7.9.8 21/16 12.2.1 62.1.3 1.8 36. 1.4 6.1 216/17 12.3 4.9 6..4.7 4.1.1.7 217/18 12.1 4.9 9.1..7 39.2 4.2.3 12.1 4.9 9.2.6 6. 38.8 4..1 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 ust 218

Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 779 61 293 3 1 1 South America 1,169 1,133 1,249 1,6 1,1 1,1-28 269 31 447 6 Other Europe 124 81 121 11 12 12 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 436 22 3 3 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,63 13,1 12,77 12,67 North Africa 2,81 3,914 2,42 2,12 2,14 1,92 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 4 112 8 8 8 East Asia 11,8 7,136 9,413 9,3 1,74 1,74 South Asia 22 133 34 131 136 136 Oceania 32 7 2 3 2 2 Total 28,92 28,432 28,79 27,11 28,446 28,421 Production North America 11,916 13,742 14,17 11,994 13,166 13,2 South America 3,794,92 4,714 4,823,33,39-28 6,69 62,9 9,978 9,64 6, 9,1 Other Europe 1,241 1,28 1,388 1,284 1,32 1,32 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,42 32,47 34,17 3,63 31,47 32,47 Middle East 8,896 12,674 1,118 11,69 12,88 12,88 North Africa 3,913,27 2,23 3,646 4,3 4,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,49 2,6 2,77 2,69 2,69 East Asia 2,134 2,18 2,47 2,18 2,19 2,19 South Asia 2,461 2,121 1,943 2,247 2,247 2,247 Oceania 9,2 9,43 13,87 9,196 9,18 9,18 Total 141,981 149,774 147,162 144,29 144,627 144,371 Domestic Consumption North America 11,6 12,293 12,87 11,24 11,61 11,61 South America 3,398 3,33 3,449 3,41 3,436 3,466-28,937 1,37, 4,2 4, 4, Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,449 1,372 1,377 1,377 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,44 23,889 2,429 24,913 22,37 22,37 Middle East 22,369 26,961 24,834 2,699 2,84 2,214 North Africa 7,12 8,23 6,697 6,49 6,348 6,18 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,6 2,69 2,63 2,7 2,7 East Asia 13,162 9,481 11,441 11,99 12,7 12,7 South Asia 2,23 2,93 2,423 2,63 2,368 2,368 Oceania 3,4 3,7 3,9 3,4 3, 3, Total 143,424 14,614 149,76 147,786 14,876 14,246 Ending Stocks North America 3,369 4,13 4,82 3,63 3,414 3,448 South America 772 1,14 837 74 749 783-28,834 6,6,667,331,231,81 Other Europe 16 79 17 84 84 84 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,719 2,96 2,926 2,498 2,43 2,3 Middle East,28 6,38 3,86 3,411 2,46 2,86 North Africa 2,1 2,838 1,196 864 1,33 1,179 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 436 488 1 8 8 East Asia 1,9 94 923 66 7 76 South Asia 294 274 23 239 24 24 Oceania 1,199 1,141 1,941 1,217 817 822 Total 24,184 26,348 23,33 19,47 17,786 17,819 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 ust 218