ricultural Testing Making Better Decisions Crops Experiment Station 2017 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials Technical Report TR 17-4

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1 Technical Report Ag TR 17-4 ricultural Experiment Station College of Agricultural Sciences Department of Soil & Crop Sciences Extension Making Better Decisions 2017 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials Crops Testing

2 Table of Contents Authors...3 Overview of Eastern Colorado Winter Wheat Trials...5 Summary of 2017 Dryland Winter Wheat Variety Performance Results...12 Rank of Variety Yield in 2017 Dryland Trials...13 Summary of 2-Yr (2016 and 2017) Dryland Variety Performance Results...14 Summary of 3-Yr (2015, 2016, and 2017) Dryland Variety Performance Results...15 Graphs of Head-to-Head Yield Comparisons Collaborative On-Farm Test (COFT) Variety Performance Results Wheat Variety Decision Tree for Dryland Production...21 Summary of 2017 Irrigated Variety Performance Results...23 Summary of 2-year (2016 and 2017) Irrigated Variety Performance Results...24 Summary of 3-year (2015, 2016, and 2017) Irrigated Variety Performance Results...25 Variety Selection for Irrigated Production Conditions in Eastern Colorado...26 Important Variety Selection Considerations...27 Description of Winter Wheat Varieties in Eastern Colorado Trials (2017)...28 Acknowledgments...32 Disclaimer: **Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.** Colorado State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution and complies with all Federal and Colorado State laws, regulations, and executive orders regarding affirmative action requirements in all programs. The Office of Equal Opportunity is located in 101 Student Services. In order to assist Colorado State University in meeting its affirmative action responsibilities, ethnic minorities, women, and other protected class members are encouraged to apply and to so identify themselves. 2

3 Authors Dr. Jerry Johnson - Professor & Extension Specialist - Crop Production, CSU Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: , jerry.johnson@colostate.edu Dr. Scott Haley - Professor & Wheat Breeder, CSU Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Phone: , scott.haley@colostate.edu Sally Jones - Research Associate - Crops Testing, CSU Dept. of Soil & Crop Sciences, Phone: , sally.jones@colostate.edu Ed Asfeld - Research Associate - Crops Testing, CSU Dept. of Soil & Crop Sciences, Phone: , ed.asfeld@colostate.edu Ron Meyer - Extension Agent - Agronomy, CSU Extension, Phone: ext. 302, rf.meyer@colostate.edu Dr. Wilma Trujillo - Area Agronomist, CSU Extension, Phone: , wilma. trujillo@colostate.edu Dennis Kaan - Area Director - Agriculture and Business Management, CSU Extension, Phone: , dennis.kaan@colostate.edu Kelly Roesch - Area Agronomist, CSU Extension, Phone: , kelly.roesch@ colostate.edu Kevin Larson - Superintendent & Research Scientist, CSU Plainsman Research Center, Phone: , kevin.larson@colostate.edu Dr. Merle Vigil - Director & Research Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, Phone: , merle.vigil@ars.usda.gov Brett Pettinger - Research Associate, CSU Plainsman Research Center, Phone: , brett.pettinger@colostate.edu Wheat Information Resources Rick Novak - Director of Colorado Seed Programs, CSU Dept. of Soil & Crop Sciences, Phone: , rick.novak@colostate.edu Dr. Frank Peairs - Professor & Extension Specialist - Entomology, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: , frank.peairs@colostate.edu 3

4 Dr. Kirk Broders - Assistant Professor - Plant Pathology, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: , kirk.broders@colostate.edu Dr. Patrick Byrne - Professor - Plant Breeding and Genetics, CSU Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Phone: , Patrick.byrne@colostate.edu Dr. Todd Gaines - Assistant Professor - Molecular Weed Science, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: , todd.gaines@ colostate.edu Dr. Philip Westra - Professor & Extension Specialist - Weed Science, CSU Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: , philip.westra@ colostate.edu Thia Walker - Extension Specialist - Pesticide Education, CSU Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Phone: , thia.walker@colostate.edu Brad Erker - Executive Director - Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, Colorado Association of Wheat Growers, and Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, Phone: WHEAT-10, brad.erker@coloradowheat.org Additional Resources on the Internet Colorado State University Crop Variety Testing Program: csucrops.com Colorado State University Wheat Breeding Program: wheat.colostate.edu Colorado Wheat Variety Performance Database: ramwheatdb.com Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee (CWAC), Colorado Association of Wheat Growers (CAWG), and Colorado Wheat Research Foundation (CWRF): coloradowheat.org 4

5 Overview of Eastern Colorado Winter Wheat Trials Jerry Johnson and Sally Jones Colorado State University researchers work hard to provide current, reliable, and unbiased wheat variety information to Colorado producers. Support of our research keeps public variety testing thriving in Colorado. Farmer support of public variety testing is our hope for the future. Our work in Colorado is possible due to the support and cooperation of the entire Colorado wheat industry, especially support from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee (wheat assessment) and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation (seed royalties). We test under a broad range of environmental conditions to best determine expected performance of new varieties. We have a uniform variety testing program, meaning that all dryland varieties are tested in all eleven dryland test locations and all irrigated varieties are tested in all three irrigated trials. There were 46 varieties including experimental lines in each of the 11 dryland trials. The three irrigated trials each had 32 varieties and the 30 collaborative on-farm tests (COFT) each had four varieties. The trials included a combination of public and private varieties and experimental lines from Colorado, Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. Seed companies with entries in the variety trials included WestBred (Monsanto), AgriPro (Syngenta), Limagrain Cereal Seeds, and AGSECO. There were entries from four marketing organizations: PlainsGold (Colorado), Husker Genetics (Nebraska), the Crop Research Foundation of Wyoming, and the Kansas Wheat Alliance. All dryland and irrigated trials were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plot sizes were approximately 175 ft 2 (except the Fort Collins IVPT, which was 80 ft 2 ) and all varieties were planted at 700,000 seeds per acre for dryland trials and 1.2 million seeds per acre for irrigated trials. Plot sizes for the COFT ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 acres per variety and seeding rates conformed to the wheat seeding rate of the collaborating farmer. Yields were corrected to 12% moisture. Variety trial plot weight, test weight, and grain moisture content information was obtained from a Harvest Master weighing system on the plot combine. General Growing Season Comments The growing season can be characterized by three factors: Planting followed by rain later in the fall resulted in good stands, except in SE and westcentral Colorado where drought conditions prevailed and wheat didn t emerge until spring. Drought conditions and high winds led to severe blowing in some locations in SE Colorado. Very long fall without freezing temperatures into November favored movement of the wheat curl mite (harboring viruses) from corn and other mite refuges to winter wheat fields. A severe cold snap in November stopped fall growth abruptly. Dry weather conditions in the winter and early spring. Very warm temperatures in February throughout Colorado. In the spring there were widespread virus symptoms showing on large areas in eastern Colorado. 5

6 Above-average and well distributed precipitation at the end of April and in May and June that led to high yields despite prevalence of spring emergence and widespread virus infections. A heat wave in late May reduced the threat of widespread stripe rust infections. General Growing Conditions in Southeast Colorado - Kelly Roesch In the Southeast, a very dry fall and warm, dry winter conditions made it challenging to establish good wheat stands. The southernmost part of the area was the most challenging with some fields in Baca County not being planted and some emerged wheat was blown out. Planting conditions were better in the central and northern parts of the area but some fields had spots that didn t germinate until spring. Temperatures were average to slightly warmer in November through February. Moisture during this period followed the historic average. As a result of warm temperatures and moisture in March, the wheat grew rapidly causing concern for potential damage from a late freeze. Pale western cutworm, army cutworm, and Russian wheat aphid were observed at levels that required treatment in many fields. Very beneficial April rain saved the 2017 wheat crop. An April 29th blizzard brought heavy wet snow and strong winds causing some stem breakage and it laid some fields flat, particularly in areas south of highway 50. In most cases the wheat stood back up and could be harvested. Freeze damage resulting from the storm was minimal as temperatures did not drop as low as predicted and the accumulated snow provided insulation. As the crop progressed throughout May and June, disease issues were more widespread than in previous years with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) being the most prevalent. Stripe rust was present but was less of an issue in 2017 than in the past two years. Harvest was well underway by June 20th and warm, dry weather in June allowed for the harvest to progress well. Moisture throughout the first two weeks of July caused the remaining harvest to be delayed; however the majority of the crop was completed by mid-july. Variation in yield was wide, ranging from 15 to 90-plus bu/ac across the area. Yields for the area as a whole were above-average. General Growing Conditions in Northwest High Plains of Colorado - Wilma Trujillo 2017 was another challenging year for wheat producers. Most producers in Adams, Arapahoe, Morgan, Southwest Washington and Weld counties planted into low soil moisture, resulting in spring germination and emergence. Warm and dry conditions prevailed during the fall, which favored an outbreak of the wheat curl mite and widespread WSMV, TriMV, and/or High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) infections. September and October were warmer than they have been in previous years. Warm conditions continued into November. Snowfall in December was one of the lowest in recent winters. Wheat that emerged in the fall began breaking dormancy in mid-february. Warm temperatures and dry conditions prevailed. Moisture stress was observed in several locations. Dry conditions 6

7 persisted into late-april. As the wheat continued to mature the expression of virus symptoms, WSMV, TriMV and/or HPWMoV became more evident. Symptoms included yellow streaking or mosaic patterns on young leaves, stunting and poor tillering on infected plants. The second part of April and May were characterized by widespread precipitation events. Accumulated precipitation averaged 3 inches in April and 4 inches in May across the area. Also, April and May were marked by cooler temperatures. The wet and cool conditions were favorable for the development of stripe rust with damage ranging from very mild to severe depending on whether the farmer sprayed and if the wheat variety was susceptible or tolerant of the disease. The abundance of heat and moisture generally improved wheat conditions in June. However, persisting stripe rust and other fungal diseases on wheat were still observed where surplus soil moisture and cool temperatures occurred in greater frequency. Harvest activities gradually began in the first week of July. In mid-july, producers made significant progress in harvesting wheat in the midst of scattered precipitation. Wheat harvest was wrapped up by the last week of July. Yield ranged from 14 bu/ac to 82 bu/ac across the area. Yield variability could be attributed to the weather pattern during the growing season, selection of adapted wheat varieties, and pest and disease control at the right time. Although many wheat producers reported high yields, grain protein content tended to be low. General Growing Conditions in Northeast Colorado - Dennis Kaan The majority of Northeast Colorado wheat producers planted into adequate soil moisture last fall. September and October were unusually warm and complemented with timely rains beneficial to planting. Precipitation and warm temperatures were beneficial for wheat germination and emergence and the warm conditions continued into November. Temperatures were seasonal at the beginning of December. Colder temperatures prevailed during the remainder of the month, but without the dramatic cold spells early in the winter that have caused winterkill the past couple of years. The exception was an area of central and southern Washington and Yuma counties, extending into northern Kit Carson county where soil moisture conditions were extremely dry, delaying plant germination into the spring months. Late 2016 growing conditions favored an outbreak of wheat curl mite populations and subsequent virus disease infections. Snowfall during the winter months was above average and provided good moisture and cover for the wheat. Wheat began breaking dormancy in mid-march. Many of the poor stand establishment areas began to catch up to the better areas in northeastern Colorado. Late April and early May were characterized by widespread rainfall. Accumulated precipitation ranged from 3 inches during April to 4 inches during May across the area. April and May were also marked by cool temperatures. The abundance of heat and moisture generally improved wheat conditions in June. However, persisting stripe rust and other fungal diseases on wheat were still observed where surplus soil moisture and cool temperatures occurred in greater 7

8 frequency. Producers had to balance the increased cost of production due to chemical application decisions against low commodity prices. Harvesting activities gradually began in the first week of July. In mid-july, producers made significant progress in harvesting wheat in the midst of scattered precipitation. In Northeast Colorado, wheat harvest was wrapped up by mid-july with yields ranging from 40 to 80-plus bu/ ac across the area. Areas where late germination occurred saw yields in the 15 to 40 bushel range with harvest operations carrying into late July. Yield variability could be attributed to the weather pattern during the growing season, selection of adapted wheat varieties, and pest and disease control. General Growing Conditions in East Central Colorado - Ron Meyer Just prior to planting in the fall of 2016, locations in Kit Carson County received enough rainfall from a single event that wheat stands were very good. However, as locations moved west and north from Burlington, soil moisture levels remained dry and wheat stands were spotty or nonexistent as the fall progressed. A warmer and dryer than normal fall persisted into winter. The dry situation persisted until March, when precipitation events began to take place region-wide. March, April, and May recorded adequate rainfall to produce an above-average crop at most locations. The next production issues in wheat were observations of stripe rust and virus. Stripe rust levels ended with moderate infestations and were not as bad as the last two seasons. However, the long, warm fall enabled serious virus activity at some locations. Some wheat samples sent for virus testing came back positive for three viruses: wheat streak mosaic, High Plains wheat mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus. Dryland wheat yields in the Burlington area were very good with fields producing 65 to 100 bu/ ac. Test weight was variable, ranging from 56 to 62 lb/bu, and protein content was mostly below 11%. Dryland Variety Performance Trials - Southeast Locations Arapahoe, Cheyenne County: Planted 9/13/16 and harvested 7/5/17. Trial was planted into moisture. Plants had six tillers and soil moisture was good in early November. Average-to-good root development. Some freeze damage was noted in early spring and drought stress, brown wheat mite, and RWA symptoms were apparent. Trial was jointing by mid-april and significant drought stress symptoms were noted at that time. WSMV was prevalent in the trial and symptoms of BYDV were observed in November. GPS: , Lamar, Prowers County: Planted 9/12/16. Dusted in at 1.5 inch depth at planting. At trial visit in mid-november, soil was very dry and plants had very poor root development with inconsistent stands. Very dry winter and RWA along with pale western cutworms were observed in the trial by mid-april. There was very little moisture in the top 4 inches of soil. Trial was not harvested after suffering severe hail damage in mid-june. Lost trial. GPS: ,

9 Sheridan Lake, Kiowa County: Planted 9/13/16 and harvested 6/30/17. Trial was planted shallow into dry soil and received timely rain a week after planting. The rest of fall was very dry and warm, and February was one of the warmest on record. No disease was noted in the fall. The trial had very good weed control and some minor winterkill was observed in early spring. The trial received good rains in late March, but the soil was very dry by mid-april, and then timely rains occurred from late-april through early June. The trial was sprayed for stripe rust in late May. GPS: , Walsh, Baca County: Planted 9/23/16. Trial planted into dry soil and experienced a very dry fall and winter. Field blew badly in the winter due to lack of emergence and stand establishment in the fall. Most seed germinated in the spring and stands were inconsistent. Lost trial. GPS: , Dryland Variety Performance Trials - Northeast Locations Akron, Washington County: Planted 9/14/16 and harvested 7/7/17. Planted into moisture and rained the day after planting. Had average stand establishment. Topsoil was dry down to 4 inches by mid-november. Trial was very dry from mid-october through mid-march. It received consistent and significant rainfall from late March through mid-june. By early May, growing degree-day accumulation was 10 days ahead of the long-term average. Significant infection of stripe and leaf rusts was observed in addition to mite-transmitted virus diseases (WSMV and HPWMoV). A few RWA were also found. GPS: , Burlington, Kit Carson County: Planted 9/13/16 and harvested 7/6/17. Planted trial into moisture but very little moisture received during fall and winter. In November, good growth and root development were noted. Trial received timely and large amounts of rainfall from late March through grain-fill in June. Substantial WSMV in the field but much less was noted in the variety trial due to a later planting date. Significant lodging was observed at harvest. GPS: , Genoa, Lincoln County: Planted 9/21/16. Planted into adequate moisture but topsoil was very dry by early November. Roots were poorly developed and stands were generally poor in the variety trial. Trial had good moisture in mid-april and had mix of fall and spring emerged plants. Trial received timely rains in late spring into early summer but was severely damaged by hail in early July. Lost trial. GPS: , Julesburg, Sedgwick County: Planted 9/14/16 and harvested 7/6/17. Good planting conditions, with dry topsoil but good sub-soil moisture in mid-november. Fall stands were generally good with lush growth and many tillers. Early spring drought stress was noted by yellowing of lower leaves, but this was relieved by good precipitation from mid-march through May. Significant wheat streak mosaic virus infection noted. GPS: , Orchard, Morgan County: Planted 9/16/16 and harvested 7/11/17. Trial planted into moisture in wheat stubble. By mid-november there were very good stands and good fall growth. The top few inches of soil were very dry but trial had good sub-soil moisture. Little moisture during the

10 winter but timely rainfall occurred from mid-april through May. In early April, some varieties were showing drought symptoms. Trial had moderate to severe stem cutting from wheat stem sawfly. GPS: , Roggen, Weld County: Planted 9/28/16 and harvested 7/11/17. Trial planted into moisture (after delaying planting, waiting for moisture) into wheat stubble. By mid-november the trial had very dry topsoil and little growth due to late planting, but stands were even. Little moisture during the winter but timely rainfall occurred from March through May, including snow in May. In early April, trial had good moisture and even growth. Significant virus infection from WSMV and BYDV was noted. GPS: , Yuma, Yuma County: Planted 9/14/16 and harvested 7/7/17. Trial dusted in at planting into very hard ground. Trial received moisture a few days after planting and in early October. Very good fall growth, plants had average stand establishment. Very dry by mid-november and very little moisture received from mid-october through early March. Plants had many tillers by mid-april and some plants had yellow lower leaves, indicative of early season drought stress. By mid-may rains were received and the trial rebounded considerably. Timely rains received through the spring and early summer. Significant mite-transmitted virus symptoms observed in trial, which were confirmed as due to WSMV, TriMV, and HPWMoV. GPS: , Irrigated Variety Performance Trials Fort Collins, Larimer County: Planted 9/26/16 and harvested 7/17/17. Trial planted into good moisture, good stand establishment and fall growth. Good spring precipitation prior to start of spring irrigation. Wheat was laid flat from snow storm on May 18. Entries with good straw strength rebounded but those with poor straw strength showed significant lodging. Stripe rust found at relatively low levels in susceptible entries, but very hot temperatures in late June accelerated ripening of the trial. GPS: , Haxtun, Phillips County: Planted 10/15/16 and harvested 7/12-13/17. Trial planted into moist soil in tilled silage corn residue. Even stands and uniform growth by mid-november. Trial didn t have much growth by mid-april but sub-soil moisture was good. Irrigation was turned on after mid-april. Trial showed significant symptoms of virus infection and was confirmed to have WSMV, TriMV, and HPWMoV. No significant lodging was noted in the trial. GPS: , Burlington, Kit Carson County: Planted 10/11/16 and harvested 7/19/17. Planted into moist soil in tilled silage corn residue. Irrigation was turned on after mid-april. Significant lodging was observed by June. GPS: ,

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12 Summary of 2017 Dryland Winter Wheat Variety Performance Results 2017 Individual Trial Yield a 2017 Multi-Location Average Variety b Akron Arapahoe Burlington Julesburg Orchard Roggen Sheridan Lake Yuma Yield Yield Test Weight Height bu/ac bu/ac % of avg lb/bu in Langin % Byrd % Avery % Antero % Joe % Snowmass % Sunshine % Oakley CL % WB-Grainfield % LCS Mint % Tatanka % SY Rugged % Denali % SY Wolf % Hatcher % Ruth % Brawl CL Plus % WB % SY Monument % Larry % Winterhawk % Cowboy % TAM % LCS Chrome % Settler CL % WB % Loma % Experimentals CO13D % CO12D % CO13D % CO12D % CO13D % CO13D % CO12D % CO13D % CO12D % CO13D % CO13003C % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO13W % CO12M % CO14A % CO14A % Average c LSD (P<0.30) a Varieties in the top LSD yield group in each location are in bold. b Varieties ranked according to multi-location average yield in c If the difference between two variety yields equals or exceeds the LSD value then they are significantly different with less than 30% probability that the difference is due to random error. 12

13 Rank of Variety Yield in 2017 Dryland Trials 2017 Multi-Location Average 2017 Individual Trial Rank Rank Variety Akron Arapahoe Burlington Julesburg Orchard Roggen Sheridan Lake Yuma Varieties Ranked by Yield 1 Langin Langin Byrd Langin Snowmass Langin Antero Antero Byrd 2 Byrd Joe Avery Byrd Byrd Avery Avery Avery Langin 3 Avery WB-Grainfield Antero Sunshine Langin Sunshine Byrd Byrd Joe 4 Antero Sunshine Langin Antero Avery Antero Langin Oakley CL Snowmass 5 Joe Antero Snowmass Avery Antero Snowmass SY Wolf Snowmass Avery 6 Snowmass Oakley CL Hatcher Joe Joe Byrd SY Rugged LCS Mint Oakley CL 7 Sunshine SY Rugged Oakley CL Tatanka Oakley CL Tatanka Joe Joe Denali 8 Oakley CL Ruth LCS Mint WB-Grainfield SY Rugged SY Monument LCS Mint Langin LCS Mint 9 WB-Grainfield Byrd Joe Larry WB-Grainfield Joe Snowmass Cowboy Hatcher 10 LCS Mint SY Wolf WB-Grainfield Denali LCS Mint WB4462 Tatanka Denali Tatanka 11 Tatanka Tatanka Sunshine LCS Mint Sunshine WB-Grainfield Winterhawk WB-Grainfield Cowboy 12 SY Rugged Hatcher Tatanka WB4462 WB4462 Winterhawk Denali SY Monument WB-Grainfield 13 Denali Snowmass SY Wolf Brawl CL Plus Tatanka SY Rugged Oakley CL SY Wolf TAM SY Wolf Larry Brawl CL Plus Ruth Winterhawk Denali WB4462 Larry SY Rugged 15 Hatcher SY Monument TAM 114 WB4721 Larry LCS Mint Sunshine SY Rugged SY Wolf 16 Ruth Avery Settler CL Winterhawk Brawl CL Plus WB4721 Settler CL Sunshine Brawl CL Plus 17 Brawl CL Plus LCS Mint Ruth SY Rugged Denali TAM 114 Hatcher Tatanka Ruth 18 WB4462 WB4462 Cowboy SY Wolf TAM 114 Brawl CL Plus Cowboy Hatcher Antero 19 SY Monument Brawl CL Plus Denali SY Monument SY Wolf Oakley CL WB-Grainfield Settler CL Sunshine 20 Larry LCS Chrome SY Rugged Settler CL SY Monument Ruth LCS Chrome Winterhawk SY Monument 21 Winterhawk WB4721 SY Monument Oakley CL LCS Chrome Settler CL Brawl CL Plus LCS Chrome Winterhawk 22 Cowboy TAM 114 Larry Snowmass Ruth SY Wolf Ruth WB4462 LCS Chrome 23 TAM 114 Denali LCS Chrome TAM 114 Hatcher Larry SY Monument WB4721 Larry 24 LCS Chrome Winterhawk WB4462 Hatcher Cowboy LCS Chrome WB4721 Brawl CL Plus WB Settler CL Cowboy Winterhawk Cowboy WB4721 Cowboy Larry TAM 114 Settler CL 26 WB4721 Settler CL WB4721 LCS Chrome Settler CL Hatcher TAM 114 Ruth WB Loma Loma Loma Loma Loma Loma Loma Loma Loma This table shows the stability of variety performance across the 2017 trial locations. Follow any variety (top 10 are color-coded) from the left multi-location average column across to the right to see how each variety ranked at each location

14 Summary of 2-Yr (2016 and 2017) Dryland Variety Performance Results 2-Year Average a Market Test Plant Variety b Brand/Source Class c Yield Yield Weight Height bu/ac % trial average lb/bu in Langin PlainsGold HRW % Antero PlainsGold HWW % Avery PlainsGold HRW % Byrd PlainsGold HRW % CO12D2011 Colorado State University exp. HWW % Joe Kansas Wheat Alliance HWW % Sunshine PlainsGold HWW % WB-Grainfield WestBred Monsanto HRW % LCS Mint Limagrain HRW % Oakley CL Kansas Wheat Alliance HRW % Hatcher PlainsGold HRW % Snowmass PlainsGold HWW % Denali PlainsGold HRW % TAM 114 AGSECO HRW % Cowboy Crop Res. Foundation of WY HRW % SY Monument AgriPro Syngenta HRW % Winterhawk WestBred Monsanto HRW % Ruth Husker Genetics HRW % SY Wolf AgriPro Syngenta HRW % Brawl CL Plus PlainsGold HRW % WB4721 WestBred Monsanto HRW % Settler CL Husker Genetics HRW % LCS Chrome Limagrain HRW % CO14A065 Colorado State University exp. HRW % CO14A058 Colorado State University exp. HRW % Average a The 2-year average yield, test weight, and plant heights are based on eight 2017 and eight 2016 trials. b Varieties ranked according to average 2-year yield. c Market class: HRW=hard red winter wheat; HWW=hard white winter wheat. 14

15 Summary of 3-Yr (2015, 2016, and 2017) Dryland Variety Performance Results 3-Year Average a Market Test Plant Variety b Brand/Source Class c Yield Yield Weight Height bu/ac % trial average lb/bu in Joe Kansas Wheat Alliance HWW % Antero PlainsGold HWW % Langin PlainsGold HRW % Oakley CL Kansas Wheat Alliance HRW % Avery PlainsGold HRW % SY Monument AgriPro Syngenta HRW % WB-Grainfield WestBred Monsanto HRW % Byrd PlainsGold HRW % LCS Mint Limagrain HRW % Denali PlainsGold HRW % Sunshine PlainsGold HWW % TAM 114 AGSECO HRW % Ruth Husker Genetics HRW % Winterhawk WestBred Monsanto HRW % Snowmass PlainsGold HWW % Hatcher PlainsGold HRW % SY Wolf AgriPro Syngenta HRW % Cowboy Crop Res. Foundation of WY HRW % Settler CL Husker Genetics HRW % Brawl CL Plus PlainsGold HRW % Average a The 3-year average yield and plant heights are based on eight 2017, eight 2016, and nine 2015 trials. Test weights are based on eight 2017, eight 2016, and six 2015 trials. b Varieties ranked according to average 3-year yield. c Market class: HRW=hard red winter wheat; HWW=hard white winter wheat. 15

16 Graphs of Head-to-Head Yield Comparisons The following regressions are intended to compare the predicted performance of one variety relative to another variety. The regressions use results from multiple Dryland Variety Performance Trials and Collaborative On-Farm Test results over the past five years (2013 through 2017). These (or any other) yield comparisons can be made online at ramwheatdb.com, which uses the Dryland Variety Performance Trial data. The equation shown in each graph can be used to predict the yield of a variety given a yield of the variety listed on the bottom (x-axis) of the graph. The R 2 value of the regression is a statistical measure that represents how well a regression line fits the actual data. An R 2 value equal to 1.0 means the regression line fits the data perfectly. It is important to point out that the comparisons are expected to be more reliable when they include results over multiple locations from different years 100 Yield Regression of Langin and WB-Grainfield UVPT Results (data from 34 location-years, ) 90 Langin (dashed) Avg. Yield = Yield (bu/ac) y y = = 1.058x 1.08x R 2 = 0.85 WB-Grainfield (solid) Avg. Yield = WB-Grainfield Yield (bu/ac) The graph above compares two early maturity varieties that are high-yielding, Langin and WB- Grainfield. The regression line of Langin (dashed) is above the WB-Grainfield line at all yield levels shown, meaning that Langin is predicted to yield higher than WB-Grainfield in both low and high yield environments. If WB-Grainfield yielded 50 bu/ac, then we would predict Langin to yield 53 bu/ac. 16

17 100 Yield Regression of Denali and SY Monument UVPT Results (data from 34 location-years, ) Yield (bu/ac) Langin Denali (dashed) Avg. Yield = y =.964x R 2 = SY Monument (solid) Avg. Yield = SY Monument Yield (bu/ac) The above graph compares two medium-late maturity HRW wheats, Denali and SY Monument. Yields of the two varieties are so close together across all yield environments that we would not expect a significant difference between them. If SY Monument yielded 40 bu/ac, then we would expect Denali to yield 40.7 bu/ac. The two varieties differ for non-yield characteristics. 100 Yield Regression of Avery, Byrd, and LCS Mint UVPT Results (data from 34 location-years, ) Avery (dots) Avg. Yield = 70.1 Yield (bu/ac) y =.968x R 2 = 0.93 LCS Mint (dashes) Avg. Yield = 66.5 y =.86x R 2 = Byrd (solid) Avg. Yield = Byrd Yield (bu/ac) The graph above shows the comparison among three medium maturity hard red varieties, Avery, Byrd, and LCS Mint. At low yield levels, Avery and LSC Mint are predicted to have slightly higher yields than Byrd. At higher yield levels, Byrd and Avery are predicted to yield higher than LCS Mint. When Byrd yields 30 bu/ac, Avery is predicted to yield 32.8 bu/ac, and LCS Mint is predicted to yield 33.2 bu/ac. When Byrd yields 90 bu/ac, Avery is predicted to yield 90.9 bu/ac and LCS Mint is predicted to yield 84.8 bu/ac. 17

18 Yield Regression of Antero and Joe UVPT Results (data from 25 location-years, ) Yield (bu/ac) Joe (dashed) Avg. Yield = 78.6 y =.962x R 2 = 0.81 Antero (solid) Avg. Yield = Antero Yield (bu/ac) This graph shows a comparison between two non-premium hard white winter varieties, Antero and Joe. Yields of the two varieties are so close together across all yield environments that we would not expect a significant difference between them. If Antero had a yield of 90 bu/ac, we predict Joe would yield 89.6 bu/ac. The two varieties differ for non-yield characteristics. 100 Yield Regression of Snowmass and Sunshine UVPT and COFT Results (data from 58 location-years, ) Yield (bu/ac) Sunshine (dashed) Avg. Yield = 61.3 y = 1.01x R 2 = 0.88 Snowmass (solid) Avg. Yield = Snowmass Yield (bu/ac) The final graph shows a comparison between two hard white wheat varieties that generally bring a premium at harvest for high quality, Snowmass and Sunshine. Sunshine is expected to yield higher than Snowmass at all yield levels. If Snowmass yielded 50 bu/ac, we would predict Sunshine to yield 52.2 bu/ac. 18

19 2017 Collaborative On-Farm Test (COFT) Variety Performance Results Jerry Johnson, Kelly Roesch, Wilma Trujillo, Dennis Kaan, Ron Meyer, and Sally Jones The objective of our on-farm testing program is to compare the performance of wheat varieties that are of most interest to Colorado farmers. In 2017, four varieties were included: Denali (HRW), Sunshine (high quality HWW), Avery (newer HRW) and Langin (newly released HRW). Varieties in the COFT program are tested under farm field-scale conditions with farmer equipment. Colorado State University Extension agents oversee all aspects of the program. The COFT program is in its 21st year and the majority of Colorado s winter wheat acreage is planted to varieties that have been tested in the program. On-farm testing leads to more rapid replacement of older inferior varieties and wider and faster adoption of improved varieties. In the fall of 2016, thirty eastern Colorado wheat producers received seed of the four varieties and planted them in side-by-side strips under the same conditions as the wheat in the rest of the field. Twenty-four viable harvest results were obtained. Failed tests were due to drought conditions and hail. In 2017, there were extremes in yield across Colorado. The highest yielding strip was over 100 bu/acre while the lowest recorded yield this year was 9 bu/acre. Results were affected by winter drought, viruses, and hail. The varieties tested in COFT this year fit different farmer needs. A new HRW option for farmers is Langin, the top-yielding variety in on-farm tests (and variety trials) this year. Langin is early maturing and has good test weight, stripe rust resistance and carries wheat curl mite resistance from the Byrd parent. Avery is a newer HRW option that yielded very well in the COFT and is medium-maturing with above-average test weight and carries wheat curl mite resistance from TAM 112 parent. However, it is moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Farmers wanting to grow white wheat with high exceptional quality should consider Sunshine. It does not have the same quality package as Snowmass but is part of the CWRF-Ardent Mills Premium Program. It is early maturing with excellent quality but is moderately susceptible to stripe rust and susceptible to wheat streak mosaic virus. Denali is a reliable HRW option for medium-late maturing varieties where wheat streak mosaic virus is a concern. It is susceptible to stripe rust but resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus. Don t select a variety to plant based upon the results from a single on-farm test. It is very important to use results from multiple locations. Summary of 2017 COFT Variety Results (24 tests included) Variety Yield a Test Weight Protein bu/ac lb/bu percent Langin Avery Sunshine Denali Average LSD (0.30) a Yield corrected to 12% moisture. 19

20 County/Nearest Town Yield a Weight Protein Yield a Weight Protein Yield a Weight Protein Yield a Weight Protein Yield a Langin Avery Sunshine Denali COFT Average Weight Protein Test Test Test Test Test bu/ac lb/bu percent bu/ac lb/bu percent bu/ac lb/bu percent bu/ac lb/bu percent bu/ac lb/bu percent Adams/Bennett N Arapahoe/Deer Trail Bent/Lamar Cheyenne/Cheyenne Wells Kiowa/Haswell Kiowa/Towner Kit Carson/Bethune Kit Carson/Burlington N Kit Carson/Stratton Logan/Leroy Morgan/Orchard Phillips/Haxtun Prowers/Granada Prowers/Holly Prowers/Lamar Washington/Akron Washington/Akron S Washington/Anton Washington/Central Weld/Keenesburg Weld/New Raymer Weld/New Raymer SW Weld/Roggen Yuma/Yuma Average Yield Significance b A B C C LSD (P<0.30) for yield = 1.8 bu/ac LSD (P<0.30) for test weight = 0.4 lb/bu 2017 Collaborative On-Farm Test (COFT) Variety Performance Results 2017 Varieties (ranked left to right by highest yield) a All yield and protein data are corrected to 12% moisture. b Yield significance: varieties with different letters have yields that are significantly different from one another. 20

21 2017 Wheat Variety Decision Tree for Dryland Production Jerry Johnson and Sally Jones The decision tree on the following page helps Colorado growers make variety selection decisions based on important traits. All of the varieties shown in the decision tree have been tested in our trials for at least three years, across multiple locations. Varieties considered high-yielding in the decision tree had a three-year ( ) yield above trial average. Under each variety name are the letters YR for stripe rust and WSMV for wheat streak mosaic virus with one being very resistant and nine being very susceptible. For farmers growing hard white wheat, Joe (from KSU) and Antero, top yielders among all varieties in the last three years, are highly recommended unless growers want to get into a HWW premium program. Joe is later maturing, better coleoptile length, very resistant to stripe rust, and good wheat streak resistance compared to Antero. Snowmass is in the CWRF-Ardent Mills Ultragrain Premium Program. Superior in quality to all other HWW varieties, Snowmass is medium-maturing and medium-tall. It has good WSMV resistance, is moderately susceptible to YR, and has moderate sprouting tolerance. Sunshine has excellent quality, good sprouting tolerance and straw strength, and an intermediate reaction to stripe rust. For growers planting a Clearfield variety, the double-gene Clearfield variety Brawl CL Plus is recommended for control of winter annual grasses that are not easily controlled using singlegene Clearfield varieties. The double-gene trait allows the herbicide Beyond to be mixed with methylated seed oil to make it more potent. Brawl CL Plus has good test weight, excellent quality, and is early-maturing but below average yield. The single-gene Clearfield variety, Oakley CL, is recommended for those seeking high yield, good YR and WSMV resistance and control of grassy weeds. It can lodge in high yield environments. Most producers will plant non-clearfield, high-yielding varieties. Recommended early maturing HRW varieties are Langin and WB-Grainfield, both with excellent YR resistance but WB- Grainfield is susceptible to WSMV whereas Langin has moderate resistance. Langin is a newer CSU release, substantially higher yielding than WB-Grainfield, although it has marginal straw strength. For the high-yielding, medium-maturing varieties, there are three recommendations: Avery, Byrd, and LCS Mint. Avery is a doubled haploid-derived line similar to Byrd with a higher yield potential, larger kernels, slightly improved quality, and above-average test weight. Like Byrd, Avery carries wheat curl mite resistance and susceptibility to YR. LCS Mint has good test weight and is moderately resistant to YR. The recommended high-yielding medium-to-late maturity HRW varieties are SY Monument and Denali. SY Monument was higher yielding over three years and has good drought tolerance, winter hardiness, quality, resistance to both leaf and YR, but is susceptible to WSMV. Denali has some tolerance to wheat streak mosaic virus and excellent test weight but is susceptible to stripe rust. 21

22 Dryland Hard White Premium No Premium Snowmass Antero YR: 6 WSMV: 3 YR: 2 WSMV: 5 Clearfield Sunshine Joe YR: 5 WSMV: 8 YR: 1 WSMV: 3 Single-gene Doublegene Early Maturity High Yield Brawl CL Plus Langin YR: 5 WSMV: 7 YR: 3 WSMV: 6 Oakley CL YR: 1 WSMV: 2 WB-Grainfield YR: 2 WSMV: 8 YR=Stripe rust rating (1=resistant, 9=susceptible) WSMV=Wheat streak mosaic virus rating (1=resistant, 9=susceptible) 22 High Yield Medium Maturity Avery YR: 6 WSMV: 3 Byrd YR: 7 WSMV: 2 LCS Mint YR: 4 WSMV: 5 Hard Red Non-Clearfield Medium-Late Maturity SY Monument YR: 2 WSMV: 8 Denali YR: 7 WSMV: 3

23 Summary of 2017 Irrigated Variety Performance Results 2017 Individual Trial Yield a 2017 Multi-Location Average Fort Test Variety b Burlington Collins Haxtun Yield Yield Weight Lodging bu/ac bu/ac % of avg lb/bu scale (1-9) c SY Wolf % WB % Denali % Byrd % Langin % KanMark % Cowboy % SY Sunrise % Brawl CL Plus % Avery % Larry % Sunshine % Thunder CL % WB-Grainfield % Antero % WB % Experimentals CO13D % CO12D % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO12D % CO12D % CO12D % CO13W % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO13D % CO12M % CO13D % Average d LSD (P<0.30) a Varieties in the top LSD yield group in each location are in bold. b Varieties ranked according to multi-location average yield in c Lodging score: 1 equals no lodging and 9 equals severe lodging. d If the difference between two variety yields equals or exceeds the LSD value then they are significantly different with less than 30% probability that the difference is due to random error. 23

24 Summary of 2-year (2016 and 2017) Irrigated Variety Performance Results Market Test Weight Plant Height Variety b Brand/Source Class c Yield Yield Lodging bu/ac % trial average lb/bu in scale (1-9) d Denali PlainsGold HRW % SY Sunrise AgriPro Syngenta HRW % CO12D2011 Colorado State University Exp. HWW % WB4303 WestBred Monsanto HRW % KanMark Kansas Wheat Alliance HRW % SY Wolf AgriPro Syngenta HRW % Langin PlainsGold HRW % Brawl CL Plus PlainsGold HRW % Byrd PlainsGold HRW % Sunshine PlainsGold HWW % WB4458 WestBred Monsanto HRW % Thunder CL PlainsGold HWW % Avery PlainsGold HRW % Cowboy Crop Research Foundation of WY HRW % Antero PlainsGold HWW % Average b Varieties ranked according to average 2-year yield. c Market class: HRW=hard red winter wheat; HWW=hard white winter wheat. d Lodging scale: 1=no lodging, 9=severe lodging. 2-Year Average a a The 2-year average yield and test weight are based on three 2016 and three 2017 trials. Plant heights are based on three 2016 and one 2017 trial. Lodging based on three 2016 and two 2017 trials. 24

25 Summary of 3-year (2015, 2016, and 2017) Irrigated Variety Performance Results Market Test Weight Plant Height Variety b Brand/Source Class c Yield Yield Lodging bu/ac % trial average lb/bu in scale (1-9) d Denali PlainsGold HRW % SY Sunrise AgriPro Syngenta HRW % SY Wolf AgriPro Syngenta HRW % Langin PlainsGold HRW % KanMark Kansas Wheat Alliance HRW % Byrd PlainsGold HRW % Brawl CL Plus PlainsGold HRW % Sunshine PlainsGold HWW % Avery PlainsGold HRW % Cowboy Crop Research Foundation of WY HRW % Antero PlainsGold HWW % Thunder CL PlainsGold HWW % Average a The 3-year average yield and test weight are based on two 2015, three 2016, and three 2017 trials. Plant heights are based on two 2015, three 2016, and one 2017 trial. Lodging based on one 2015, three 2016, and two 2017 trials. b Varieties ranked according to average 3-year yield. c Market class: HRW=hard red winter wheat; HWW=hard white winter wheat. d Lodging scale: 1=no lodging, 9=severe lodging. 3-Year Average a 25

26 Variety Selection for Irrigated Production Conditions in Eastern Colorado The most important criteria for irrigated variety selection are yield, straw strength, and stripe rust resistance. Growth regulators can be used to economically mitigate risks from lodging in varieties with reduced straw strength. Under limited-irrigation conditions, drought stress tolerance can also be important. The top four above-average-yield varieties over multiple locations and years are described below. Denali Highest yielding in irrigated conditions over three years and multiple locations per year. A medium-late maturing HRW variety released in 2011 and marketed by PlainsGold for production in Colorado and marketed in Kansas by Kansas Wheat Alliance. It is photoperiod sensitive, which can cause late heading in years with abnormally warm early spring temperatures. It is medium-tall, has excellent test weight and average milling and baking quality, and is susceptible to stripe rust but carries resistance to the wheat curl mite that vectors virus diseases. It has above-average straw strength. SY Sunrise A short, late-maturing HRW released in 2015 by AgriPro Syngenta that has good stripe rust tolerance but is susceptible to WSMV. It ranked second highest in yield over three years and multiple locations. It has good-to-excellent straw strength and high test weight. SY Wolf A medium-maturing HRW released in 2010 and marketed by AgriPro Syngenta. It has a very broad disease resistance package, with good protection for leaf spotting diseases (tan spot and septoria), leaf rust, and good resistance to stripe rust. Very good straw strength and good quality. It has good test weight and quality. Langin An early maturing HRW, released in 2016, and marketed by PlainsGold. It has very good test weight, is short in height, and has good quality. It has good stripe rust resistance and carries wheat curl mite resistance. It is susceptible to lodging and would require growth regulators to mitigate risk in high yield conditions. 26

27 Important Variety Selection Considerations It is not possible to accurately predict which variety will perform best in each field every year. However, there are some selection guidelines to improve the ability to select superior varieties. The variety performance summary tables and decision tree in this report provide useful information to farmers for improving variety selections. Other guidelines that improve selections are below. Focus on multi-year and location yield summary results when selecting a variety use results from the three-year variety performance trials and from the on-farm tests. Pay attention to ratings for maturity, plant height, coleoptile length, disease and insect resistance, and end-use quality characteristics. Refer to the Description of Winter Wheat Varieties in Eastern Colorado Dryland and Irrigated Trials (2017) for variety-specific information. Use the decision tree to choose the variety with traits that are important to you. Some other factors that influence the success of a wheat crop that should not be neglected: Control volunteer wheat and weeds to avoid loss of valuable soil moisture and to avoid creating a green bridge that could lead to serious virus disease infections vectored by the wheat curl mite (wheat streak mosaic virus, High Plains wheat mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus) or vectored by aphids (barley yellow dwarf virus). Be aware of current ratings for stripe rust resistance as well as the potential of new races of stripe rust to develop unexpectedly (as occurred in 2010 and 2012). If variety susceptibility, market prices, expected yield, and fungicide and application costs warrant an application, consult the North Central Regional Committee on Management of Small Grain Diseases (NCERA-184) fungicide efficacy chart. Updates to this chart can be found on the CSU Wheat Breeding Program Wheat Links page (wheat.colostate.edu/links.html). Plant treated seed for protection against common bunt (stinking smut) and other seed-borne diseases. Information on seed treatments is available from Michigan State University and Kansas State University at: tinyurl.com/hv5m9js and tinyurl.com/jgeznub Soil sample to determine optimum fertilizer application rates. Sampling should be done prior to planting. Information on fertilizing winter wheat is available from Colorado State University Extension at: bit.ly/1k7pmga Plant seeds per acre and not pounds per acre. Different varieties and seed lots can vary widely in seed size. Refer to How to Calibrate Your Drill available online at csucrops.com (click on the winter wheat tab) or here: bit.ly/1ms5hdh 27

28 Description of Winter Wheat Varieties in Eastern Colorado Trials (2017) Descrip7on of Winter Wheat Varie7es in Eastern Colorado Dryland and Irrigated Trials (2017) Name, Class, and Pedigree Origin RWA* HD HT SS COL** YR LR WSMV + TW MILL BAKE Comments Antero CSU 2012 S Hard white winter KS01HW152-1/TAM 111 CSU release (2012), marketed by PlainsGold. Medium height and maturity, good test weight, fair straw strength, good resistance to stripe rust. Moderate sprou7ng tolerance. Avery CSU 2015 S TAM 112/Byrd CSU release (2015), marketed by PlainsGold. Doubled haploid-derived line, similar to Byrd with higher yield poten7al, larger kernels and slightly improved quality. Carries wheat curl mite resistance from TAM 112 parent. Moderately suscep7ble to stripe rust. Brawl CL Plus CSU 2011 S Teal 11A/Above//CO99314 CSU release (2011), marketed by PlainsGold. Two-gene Clearfield wheat. Excellent test weight, straw strength, milling and baking quality. Early maturity, medium height, long coleop7le. Intermediate reac7on to both stripe rust and leaf rust. Byrd CSU 2011 S TAM 112/CO CSU release (2011), marketed by PlainsGold. Excellent drought tolerance and quality. Average test weight and straw strength. Moderately suscep7ble to stripe rust. Carries wheat curl mite resistance from TAM 112 parent. CO12D2011 CSU EXP S Hard white winter Denali/HV9W07-482W//Antero CSU experimental HWW, on increase for possible release fall Good stripe rust resistance, sprou7ng tolerance, straw strength, and quality. Very high test weight, lower polyphenol oxidase (PPO) ac7vity for improved whole grain bread and noodle quality. CO14A058 CSU EXP S (AF28/Byrd)//(AF10/2*Byrd) CSU experimental HRW, on increase for possible release fall Carries novel proprietary Axigen herbicide tolerance traits for winter annual grassy weed control. Approximately 60% Byrd parentage and 40% Hatcher parentage. CO14A065 CSU EXP S (AF28/Byrd)//(AF10/2*Byrd) CSU experimental HRW, on increase for possible release fall Carries novel proprietary Axigen herbicide tolerance traits for winter annual grassy weed control. Approximately 60% Byrd parentage and 40% Hatcher parentage. Cowboy WY-CSU 2011 R* CO980829/TAM 111 CSU release (2011), marketed by Crop Research Founda7on of Wyoming. Sister selec7on to Denali, but slightly shorter, lower straw strength, and 1 lb/bu lower test weight. Similar disease reac7on and quality (except RWA biotype 1 resistant). Denali CSU 2011 S CO980829/TAM 111 CSU release (2011), marketed by PlainsGold and Kansas Wheat Alliance in Kansas. Excellent test weight. Medium tall, medium-late, medium-long coleop7le. Good straw strength and average quality. Moderate suscep7bility to stripe and leaf rust. Hatcher CSU 2004 R* Yuma/PI //TAM-200/3/4*Yuma/4/KS91H184/Vista CSU release (2004), marketed by PlainsGold. Medium maturing semidwarf. Good test weight, moderate resistance to stripe rust, good milling and baking quality. Develops leaf speckling condi7on. Column Key - Russian wheat aphid resistance (RWA), heading date (HD), plant height (HT), straw strength (SS), coleop7le length (COL), stripe rust resistance (YR), leaf rust resistance (LR), wheat streak mosaic virus tolerance (WSMV), test weight (TW), milling quality (MILL), and baking quality (BAKE). Ra7ng scale: 1 - very good, very resistant, very early, or very short to 9 - very poor, very suscep7ble, very late, or very tall/long. * RWA ra7ng denotes resistance to the original biotype (biotype 1) of RWA. All available cul7vars are suscep7ble to the new biotypes of RWA. ** Coleop7le length ra7ngs range from 1=very short (~ 50 mm or ~2 in) to 9=very long (~100 mm or ~4 in). Coleop7le lengths should be interpreted for rela7ve variety comparisons only. + WSMV ra7ngs are based on field evalua7ons in Colorado under pressure from wheat curl mite transmiked viruses. Scores may reflect both resistance to the wheat curl mite and resistance to mite-transmiked viruses. 28

29 Descrip7on of Winter Wheat Varie7es in Eastern Colorado Dryland and Irrigated Trials (2017) Name, Class, and Pedigree Origin RWA* HD HT SS COL** YR LR WSMV + TW MILL BAKE Comments Joe KSU 2015 S Hard white winter KS04HW101-3(98HW423/98HW170)/KS04HW119-3(TREGO*2/CO960293) KSU-Hays release (2015), marketed by the Kansas Wheat Alliance. First entered in CSU trials in Hard white wheat. Good leaf and stripe rust resistance, straw strength, test weight, and High Plains adapta7on. Lower pre-harvest sprou7ng tolerance. KanMark KSU 2014 S PRL/2*PASTOR//G980129W/3/KS KSU-Manhaban release (2014), marketed by the Kansas Wheat Alliance. First entered into CSU Variety Trials in Medium maturity, short semidwarf. Good leaf rust resistance, test weight, straw strength, and quality. Intermediate reac7on to stripe rust. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. Langin CSU 2016 S CO050270/Byrd CSU release (2016), marketed by PlainsGold. Early maturing semidwarf. Good test weight, stripe rust resistance, and quality. Medium coleop7le. Carries wheat curl mite resistance from Byrd parent. Straw strength marginal for irrigated produc7on. Larry KSU 2016 S KS EU/KS ~21//KS ~7 KSU-Manhaban release (2016), marketed by the Kansas Wheat Alliance. First entered into CSU Variety Trials in Good stripe rust resistance, straw strength, and test weight. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. LCS Chrome Limagrain 2016 S Not Disclosed Limagrain release (2016), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in Medium maturing, medium height, good straw strength and test weight. Good resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust. LCS Mint Limagrain 2011 S Overley/CO Limagrain release (2011), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in 2013, previously tested in 2010 under experimental designa7on CO Moderate resistance to stripe rust, good test weight, good milling and baking quality. Loma MT 2016 S Yellowstone//MTS0112/MTS0125 MT State release (2016), first entry in CSU trials in Late maturity, good stripe rust resistance. Carries solid stem trait conferring some resistance to wheat stem sawfly. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. Oakley CL KSU 2013 S Above/Danby//KS03HW10 KSU-Hays release (2013), marketed by the Kansas Wheat Alliance. First entered in CSU Variety Trials in Single-gene hard red Clearfield wheat. Good test weight, good stripe rust resistance, carries same WSMV resistance as Clara CL and Snowmass. Ruth NE 2015 S OK98697/Jagalene//Camelot Nebraska release (2015), marketed by Husker Gene7cs. First entered in CSU Variety Trials in Medium height, medium maturity, medium length coleop7le. Good stripe rust resistance and good test weight. Sebler CL NE 2008 S N95L164/3/MILLENNIUM SIB//TXGH *4/FS2 Nebraska release (2008), marketed by Husker Gene7cs. Single-gene Clearfield wheat. Later maturing, medium height. Moderately suscep7ble to stripe rust. Column Key - Russian wheat aphid resistance (RWA), heading date (HD), plant height (HT), straw strength (SS), coleop7le length (COL), stripe rust resistance (YR), leaf rust resistance (LR), wheat streak mosaic virus tolerance (WSMV), test weight (TW), milling quality (MILL), and baking quality (BAKE). Ra7ng scale: 1 - very good, very resistant, very early, or very short to 9 - very poor, very suscep7ble, very late, or very tall/long. * RWA ra7ng denotes resistance to the original biotype (biotype 1) of RWA. All available cul7vars are suscep7ble to the new biotypes of RWA. ** Coleop7le length ra7ngs range from 1=very short (~ 50 mm or ~2 in) to 9=very long (~100 mm or ~4 in). Coleop7le lengths should be interpreted for rela7ve variety comparisons only. + WSMV ra7ngs are based on field evalua7ons in Colorado under pressure from wheat curl mite transmibed viruses. Scores may reflect both resistance to the wheat curl mite and resistance to mite-transmibed viruses. 29

30 Descrip7on of Winter Wheat Varie7es in Eastern Colorado Dryland and Irrigated Trials (2017) Name, Class, and Pedigree Origin RWA* HD HT SS COL** YR LR WSMV + TW MILL BAKE Comments Snowmass CSU 2009 S Hard white winter KS96HW94//Trego/CO CSU release (2009), marketed by PlainsGold in CWRF-Ardent Mills Ultragrain Premium Program. Hard white wheat. Medium-maturing, medium-tall, poor straw strength. Good WSMV resistance, moderately suscep7ble to stripe rust, moderate sprou7ng tolerance. Sunshine CSU 2014 S Hard white winter KS01HW152-6/HV9W02-267W CSU release (2014), marketed by PlainsGold in CWRF-Ardent Mills Ultragrain Premium Program. Hard white wheat. Excellent quality, good sprou7ng tolerance and straw strength, intermediate reac7on to stripe rust. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. SY Monument Syngenta 2014 S BC /00x Syngenta release (2014). First entered in CSU Variety Trials in Good drought tolerance, winterhardiness, quality, and resistance to both leaf and stripe rust. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. SY Rugged Syngenta 2017 S Greer/Doans Syngenta release (2016), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in Dryland adapted, good stripe rust resistance, good milling and baking quality. Very suscep7ble to mitetransmibed viruses. SY Sunrise Syngenta 2015 S BC /CDC Falcon//NE03458 Syngenta release (2015), first entered in 2015 CSU Irrigated Trials. Short semidwarf, good straw strength, winterhardiness, drought tolerance, stripe rust resistance, test weight. Marginal baking quality, very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. Stewardship Agreement requires no saved seed. Cer7fied seed only. SY Wolf Syngenta 2010 S W99-331/97x Syngenta release (2011). First entered in CSU Variety Trials in Good resistance to tan spot, septoria, leaf rust, and stripe rust. Best performance in Colorado trials under irriga7on and in the I-70 corridor coun7es and further north. TAM 114 TX 2014 S TAM 111/TX98A0050 Texas A&M release (2014), marketed by AGSECO. First entered in CSU trials in Good resistance to leaf, stripe, stem rust, and Hessian fly. Good test weight and quality characteris7cs. Tatanka KSU 2016 S KS07HW81/T151 KSU-Hays release (2016), marketed by Kansas Wheat Alliance. Medium maturity, medium height. Good resistance to stripe rust, moderate resistance to leaf rust. Good test weight. Thunder CL CSU 2008 R* Hard white winter KS /CO99W165 CSU release (2008), marketed by PlainsGold in CWRF-Ardent Mills Ultragrain Premium Program. Single-gene hard white Clearfield wheat. Good straw strength for irriga7on. Excellent quality, moderate stripe rust resistance, moderate sprou7ng suscep7bility. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmibed viruses. WB-Grainfield Monsanto 2012 S G982231/G982159//KS920709W Monsanto release (2012). First entered into CSU Trials in Early maturing tall semidwarf. Good leaf and stripe rust resistance, shorter coleop7le. Very suscep7ble to mitetransmibed viruses. Column Key - Russian wheat aphid resistance (RWA), heading date (HD), plant height (HT), straw strength (SS), coleop7le length (COL), stripe rust resistance (YR), leaf rust resistance (LR), wheat streak mosaic virus tolerance (WSMV), test weight (TW), milling quality (MILL), and baking quality (BAKE). Ra7ng scale: 1 - very good, very resistant, very early, or very short to 9 - very poor, very suscep7ble, very late, or very tall/long. * RWA ra7ng denotes resistance to the original biotype (biotype 1) of RWA. All available cul7vars are suscep7ble to the new biotypes of RWA. ** Coleop7le length ra7ngs range from 1=very short (~ 50 mm or ~2 in) to 9=very long (~100 mm or ~4 in). Coleop7le lengths should be interpreted for rela7ve variety comparisons only. + WSMV ra7ngs are based on field evalua7ons in Colorado under pressure from wheat curl mite transmibed viruses. Scores may reflect both resistance to the wheat curl mite and resistance to mite-transmibed viruses. 30

31 Descrip7on of Winter Wheat Varie7es in Eastern Colorado Dryland and Irrigated Trials (2017) Name, Class, and Pedigree Origin RWA* HD HT SS COL** YR LR WSMV + TW MILL BAKE Comments WB4303 Monsanto 2015 S PFAU/WEAVER/3/MASON/JGR//PECOS/4/FARMEC Monsanto release (2015), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in Medium short, medium-early, good straw strength, good quality. Moderately resistant to stripe and leaf rust. Lower test weight. Best adapted for irrigated produc7on condi7ons. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmiaed viruses. WB4458 Monsanto 2012 S KS //G982163/G Monsanto release (2012), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in Medium height, medium-early. Good straw strength, winter hardiness, shaaer resistance. Good drought and acid soil tolerance. Intermediate reac7on to stripe and leaf rust. WB4462 Monsanto 2015 S TAM 203//P25R47/Hitch Monsanto release (2015), first entered in CSU trials in Western adapted variety with a taller plant stature and medium maturity. Good winter hardiness and drought tolerance, moderately suscep7ble to stripe rust. Very suscep7ble to mite-transmiaed viruses. WB4721 Monsanto 2016 S Not Disclosed Monsanto release (2016), first entered in CSU Variety Trials in Good test weight, winterhardiness, drought tolerance, straw strength, quality, and resistance to stripe and leaf rust. Grower Agreement requires no saved seed. Cer7fied seed only. Winterhawk Monsanto 2007 S S10-1/X87807//HBK736-3 Westbred release (2007). Medium maturing, medium tall, long coleop7le. Intermediate reac7on to stripe rust, suscep7ble to leaf rust, very suscep7ble to stem rust. Good drought tolerance, test weight, and quality. Column Key - Russian wheat aphid resistance (RWA), heading date (HD), plant height (HT), straw strength (SS), coleop7le length (COL), stripe rust resistance (YR), leaf rust resistance (LR), wheat streak mosaic virus tolerance (WSMV), test weight (TW), milling quality (MILL), and baking quality (BAKE). Ra7ng scale: 1 - very good, very resistant, very early, or very short to 9 - very poor, very suscep7ble, very late, or very tall/long. * RWA ra7ng denotes resistance to the original biotype (biotype 1) of RWA. All available cul7vars are suscep7ble to the new biotypes of RWA. ** Coleop7le length ra7ngs range from 1=very short (~ 50 mm or ~2 in) to 9=very long (~100 mm or ~4 in). Coleop7le lengths should be interpreted for rela7ve variety comparisons only. + WSMV ra7ngs are based on field evalua7ons in Colorado under pressure from wheat curl mite transmiaed viruses. Scores may reflect both resistance to the wheat curl mite and resistance to mite-transmiaed viruses. 31

32 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for support received from Colorado State University and for the funding received from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. The Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee provides substantial financial support to Colorado State University for wheat breeding and wheat-related research. We are thankful to Kierra Jewell (CSU Extension); John Stromberger, Emily Hudson-Arns, Scott Seifert, Victoria Anderson and Alyssa Rosenow (Wheat Breeding Program); Karl Whitman, Mark Collins, and Bob Bee (Agricultural Research, Development and Education Center, Fort Collins); Delbert Koch, Cody Hardy, and Paul Campbell (USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Center, Akron); and Jeff Rudolph, Laura Newhard, and Darren Cockrell (Field Crops Entomology Program), for their work and collaboration that make these trials and this report possible. The authors are thankful for the cooperation and selfless contributions of land, labor, and equipment made by the following Colorado wheat farmers who consented to having winter wheat variety performance trials conducted on their farms: John and Jensen Stulp (Lamar, Prowers County), Burl Scherler (Brandon, Kiowa County), Dennis and Matt Campbell (Arapahoe, Cheyenne County), Clay Smith (Burlington, Kit Carson County), Jim Carlson (Julesburg, Sedgwick County), Steve and Bryce Boerner (Haxtun, Phillips County), Cooksey Farms (Roggen, Weld County), Ross Hansen (Genoa, Lincoln County), Wickstrom Farms (Orchard, Morgan County), and Bill and Steve Andrews (Yuma, Yuma County). We recognize valuable assistance provided by the CSU Extension agents who work with eastern Colorado wheat producers in all aspects of the COFT program. We are very thankful for the efforts and sacrifices made by Colorado wheat producers who contributed time, land, and equipment to the success of the Collaborative On-Farm Test program. We thank Syngenta Crop Protection for their generous donation of seed treatment product. Colorado State University is very grateful to the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee for printing this report. **Mention of a trademark proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. **Colorado State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution and complies with all Federal and Colorado State laws, regulations, and executive orders regarding affirmative action requirements in all programs. The Office of Equal Opportunity is located in 101 Student Services. In order to assist Colorado State University in meeting its affirmative action responsibilities, ethnic minorities, women, and other protected class members are encouraged to apply and to so identify themselves. 32

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