2015 South Dakota Oat Variety Trial Results

Transcription

1 Jonathan Kleinjan Crop Performance Testing Director, Brookings Chris Graham SDSU Extension Agronomist, Rapid City Bruce Swan Ag Research Manager, Rapid City Kevin Kirby Ag Research Manager, Brookings Shawn Hawks Ag Research Manager, Brookings Crop Zones for Small Grains in South Dakota Recommended/Promising Oat Varieties for Spring 2015 by Crop Zone Zone - 1 Zone - 2 Zone - 3 Zone - 4 Zone - 5 Zone - 6 Zone - 7 Deon Deon Deon Hayden Hayden Goliath Hayden Goliath Hayden Horsepower Jury Hayden Horsepower Horsepower Jury Natty Not Shelby427 Jury Newburg Natty Newburg Newburg Evaluated Souris Newburg Souris Stallion Souris Rockford Stallion Rockford Souris Crop Zones for small grains are base on soil & climate information Varieties are not evaluated in this zone, however it is suggested to select a variety that appears frequently in the recommended list across all zones for the state or neighboring zones. South Dakota State University, South Dakota counties, and USDA cooperating. South Dakota State University adheres to AA/EEO guidelines in offering educational programs and services. 2015, South Dakota Board of Regents

2 Trial Highlights Oat variety selection is a significant and important management decision for producers. During the 2015 crop year in eastern SD, the difference between the high and low yielding oat varieties was 52 bu/acre (Table 1a). Assuming an average cash price of $2.00, the difference in revenue per acre attributed to variety selection could be as much as $104/acre. The 2015 average yield statewide in oat variety trials was 10 bu/ac higher than in 2014, at 106 bu/ac (Tables 1a, 1b, & 2). Lowest and highest yielding locations were at Bison (77 bu/ac) and Selby (141 bu/ac), respectively. South Dakota generally experienced a dry early spring until mid-may, followed by fairly normal precipitation and temperatures for the remainder of the growing season. Due to weather variation from season to season, producers need to select complementary varieties with a range of maturities each year. To maximize the utility of the crop performance testing trials, we encourage producers to identify varieties with a proven record of performance of over a 3-yr period (Tables 3 & 4) and, more specifically, those recommended varieties on page 1. Experimental lines are tested and occasionally later released as varieties (Table 4), i.e Hayden (2014 release). Also, producers should utilize the oat variety characteristics or qualities in Table 4 to select for factors that provide good protection against yield-limiting factors in their production system, i.e. lodging, test weight, or diseases. Practices and Methods East River: Four replications of each variety are planted at each location. Locations are seeded at 28 pure live seeds (PLS)/ft 2 or about 1.2 million seeds/ac by a drill with 7.5-inch row spacing. Plots are 5-ft wide and 13-ft long at harvest. Plots were fertilized appropriately to achieve a 150 bu/ac yield goal. The previous crop at South Shore was spring wheat and all other locations were soybeans. No-till planting was performed at the Aberdeen and Miller locations while conventional-tillage was used at the Beresford, Brookings, Selby, and South Shore locations. The Miller location was lost to hail just prior to harvest. The planting dates for Aberdeen, Beresford, Volga, Miller, Selby, and South Shore were Apr. 1, Mar. 31, Apr. 13, Mar. 23, May 1, and Apr. 10, respectively. West River: In 2015, the oats testing location at Wall was moved to Winner and the Okaton location was moved to Draper. Four replications of each variety are planted at each location. Locations are no-till seeded at 28 pure live seeds (PLS)/ft 2 or about 1.2 million seeds/ac by a drill with 10-inch row spacing. Plots are 5-ft wide and 25-ft long at harvest. Plots at Winner are planted in a similar manner to the East River locations. Plots were fertilized appropriately to achieve a 90 bu/ac yield goal. The previous crops at Bison, Draper, and Winner were winter wheat, winter wheat, and forage sorghum, respectively. The planting dates for Bison, Draper, and Winner were Apr. 15, Apr.1, and Mar. 30, respectively. Acknowledgments The efforts of the following SDSU staff are gratefully appreciated: Oat Breeding Project M. Caffe-Treml and N. Hall, Foundation Seed Stocks J. Ingemansen, Brookings Agronomy Farm D. Doyle, Southeast Research Farm (Beresford) P. Sexton and staff, and the Northeast Research Farm (South Shore) A. Heuer. The cooperation and resources of these cooperators are appreciated: G. & R. Locken (Aberdeen), D. Shea (Bison), B. Jorgenson (Winner), P. Patterson (Draper), P. Fulton (Miller), and T. Fieldler (Selby). Page 2

3 Table 1a East River Oat Perfomance - Average yield (14% moisture) and test weight, sorted by overall average yield. Crop Zone 1 Crop Zone 3 Crop Zones 1, 2, & 3 Aberdeen Selby# Beresford East River Average Variety Yield Test Wt. Yield Test Wt. Yield Test Wt. Yield Top 1/3 % Test Wt. Deon Stallion Hayden Natty Goliath Newburg GMI Shelby Jury Colt Jerry Souris Horsepower Rockford Buff* Streaker* Trial Average LSD(0.05) C.V # fungicide applied to protect the flag leaf. The Miller location was destroyed by hail. There was no test in Crop Zone 4 in Shading denotes varieties placing in the top 1/3 for yield at each location (Note: results for some experimental lines tested are not included in this publication). Yield or test weight value required to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another with 95% confidence. C.V. (Coefficient of Variation) is a measure of variability or experimental error, >15% is acceptable. * Hulless varieties Page 3

4 Table 1b East River Oat Perfomance, continued - Average yield (14% moisture) and test weight, sorted by overall average yield. Crop Zone 2 Crop Zones 1, 2, & 3 South Shore Volga Volga w/fung.# East River Average Variety Yield Test Wt. Yield Test Wt. Yield Test Wt. Yield Top 1/3 % Test Wt. Deon Stallion Hayden Natty Goliath Newburg GMI Shelby Jury Colt Jerry Souris Horsepower Rockford Buff* Streaker* Trial Average LSD(0.05) C.V # fungicide applied to protect the flag leaf. The Miller location was destroyed by hail. There was no test in Crop Zone 4 in Shading denotes varieties placing in the top 1/3 for yield at each location (Note: results for some experimental lines tested are not included in this publication). Yield or test weight value required to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another with 95% confidence. C.V. (Coefficient of Variation) is a measure of variability or experimental error, >15% is acceptable. * Hulless varieties Page 4

5 Table West River Oat Perfomance - Average yield (14% moisture) and test weight, sorted by overall average yield. Crop Zone 6 Crop Zone - 7 Crop Zones 6 & 7 Winner Bison West River Average Variety Yield Test Wt. Yield Test Wt. Yield Top 1/3 % Test Wt. GMI Hayden Rockford Jury Horsepower Souris Deon Newburg Goliath Jerry Shelby Stallion Colt Natty Buff* Streaker* Trial Average LSD(0.05) C.V The Draper location was destroyed by hail. Shading denotes varieties placing in the top 1/3 for yield at each location (Note: results for some experimental lines tested are not included in this publication). Yield or test weight value required to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another with 95% confidence. C.V. (Coefficient of Variation) is a measure of variability or experimental error, >15% is acceptable. * Hulless varieties Page 5

6 Table (3- Yr Average) East River Oat Variety Performance - sorted by overall yield 14% M). East River (Crop Zones 1-4) 3- Yr East Crop Zone- 1 Crop Zone- 2 Crop Zone- 3 Crop Zone- 4 River Variety Aberdeen Selby South Shore Volga Beresford Miller Averaage Deon Hayden Natty Newburg Stallion Goliath Jury Horsepower Souris Shelby Rockford Colt Jerry Buff* Streaker* Trial Average LSD(0.05) Miller data is a 2 year average from Shading denotes varieties placing in the top 1/3 for yield at each location. Yield or test weight value required to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another with 95% confidence. * Hulless varieties. Page 6

7 Table (3- Yr Average) West River Oat Variety Performance - sorted by overall yield 14% M). West River (Crop Zones 6 & 7) Crop Zone- 6 Crop Zone Yr West River Variety Wall Okaton Bison Average Jury Hayden Souris Rockford Newburg Deon Stallion Goliath Horsepower Natty Shelby Jerry Colt Streaker* Buff* Trial Average LSD(0.05) Bison and Okaton data are 2 year averages from Shading denotes varieties placing in the top 1/3 for yield at each location. Yield value required to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another with 95% confidence. * Hulless varieties. Page 7

8 Table 5. Oat variety origin, characteristics, grain quality, and disease ratings. Testing and Origin Agronomic Characteristics Grain Quality Disease Ratings# Years Tested in SD Origin - Year Rel. Hdg. days Rel. Height inches 2015 Lodging Score Grain Color 2015 Protein Stem Rust Crown Rust Variety PVP* Test Wt. Smut Colt PVP 5+ SD White Good 13.6 R MS S MS BYDV or Red Leaf Deon Pdg 5+ MN Yellow Good 14.0 R MR R MR GMI GM White Low 12.8 (R) (MS) (MS) (MR) Goliath Pdg 5+ SD White Good 13.4 R R MS MR Hayden Pdg 3 SD White Good 12.8 R MS MS R Horsepower Pdg 5+ SD White Low 12.3 MR R S MR Jerry PVP 5+ ND White Good 13.8 MS MS S MS Jury Pdg 4 ND White Adequate R S (MR) Natty Pdg 3 SD White Good 13.9 R MS MS MR Newburg PVP 5+ ND White Adequate 12.6 S R S MR Rockford PVP 5+ ND White Adequate 13.2 MR- MS S S MR Shelby427 PVP 5+ SD White Good 13.2 MR MS S S Souris PVP 5+ ND White Low 12.8 MR MS S MS Stallion PVP 5+ SD White Good 14.3 S S MR MR Buff 5+ SD Hulless Very High 14.2 R S MS MR Streaker PVP 5+ SD Hulless Very High 15.8 R MR MS R * Plant variety protection (PVP) status or PVP status that is pending (Pdg). GM - General Mills, MN - Minnesota, ND - North Dakota, SD - South Dakota; - (Year of Release) Days to heading as compared to Colt. Height compared to Colt (37 inches) at 2014 East River locations. Lodging score: Rating scale 1-5 (1=Standing perfectly to 5=Completely flat) based on 2015 East River locations. Based on 2015 East River test weight and protein. # Disease ratings: R - resistant, MR - moderately resistant, MS - moderately susceptible, S - susceptible, VS - very susceptible Ratings (X) based on information supplied by the entity submitting the variety. Page 8