Weed Control in Berries Research Update. Tim Miller WSU Mount Vernon, NWREC
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1 Weed Control in Berries Research Update Tim Miller WSU Mount Vernon, NWREC
2 Selected Small Fruit Trials, 2010! Strawberry!Established strawberries! Blueberry!Herbicide combination trial! Raspberry!Cane burning trial
3 Established Strawberry Trial
4 Established Strawberry Trial!!Hood" strawberry transplanted in July, 2009! Treated with Spartan and Prowl H2O shortly after transplanting! Roto-tilled several times during establishment, and once more prior to dormancy! Split-block treatment of simazine was applied December 18, 2009 and herbicide combinations were applied January 26, 2010! Herbicides included Devrinol, Spartan, simazine, Chateau, Goal, Prowl H2O, Outlook, Dual Magnum, Gallery, and Stinger
5 Established Strawberry Trial Results! Whether used alone or in sequence, every treatment in 2010 caused 18 to 33% injury by March!In 2009, 29% of the treatments caused greater than 10% injury by March!When used with simazine in 2009, 83% of the products caused greater than 10% injury by March! Hand weeded check plots also were rated at 23% injury
6 Established Strawberry Trial Results! Differences in crop injury and weed control due to simazine were not significant in 2010! In 2009:!Crop injury (with/without):! April, 15% vs. 8%; May, 3% vs. 2%!Weed control:! April, 89% vs. 53%; May, 82% vs. 56%! Berry yield and average fruit weight were not affected by simazine
7 % Established Strawberry Trial Crop Injury from Prowl H2O pt 3.2 pt 4.2 pt 5.3 pt 5 0 March April March April With simazine Without simazine
8 Established Strawberry Trial Weed Control from Prowl H2O % March April March April 2.1 pt 3.2 pt 4.2 pt 5.3 pt With simazine Without simazine
9 % Established Strawberry Trial Crop Injury from Spartan fl.oz 6.4 fl.oz 8.0 fl.oz 9.6 fl.oz 5 0 March April March April With simazine Without simazine
10 Established Strawberry Trial Weed Control from Spartan % March April March April 4.8 fl.oz 6.4 fl.oz 8.0 fl.oz 9.6 fl.oz With simazine Without simazine
11 Established Strawberry Trial Crop Injury from Chateau % March April March April 0.8 oz 1.1 oz 1.5 oz 1.9 oz With simazine Without simazine
12 Established Strawberry Trial Weed Control from Chateau % March April March April 0.8 oz 1.1 oz 1.5 oz 1.9 oz With simazine Without simazine
13 % Established Strawberry Trial Crop Injury from Devrinol and Gallery D6.0 lbs D8.0 lbs G10.7 oz G1.3 lbs 5 0 March April March April With simazine Without simazine
14 Established Strawberry Trial Weed Control from Devrinol and Gallery % March April March April D6.0 lbs D8.0 lbs G10.7 oz G1.3 lbs With simazine Without simazine
15 Two-year Conclusions Established Strawberry Trial! Weed control was excellent through harvest with most combinations!simazine improved weed control in 2009, but not in 2010! Crop injury was generally high in March, but less than 10% by April, with or without simazine! Berry size and yield not reduced by any treatments
16 Blueberry Trial
17 POST Herbicides for Perennial Weed Control in Blueberry! Conducted 2009 and 2010 in Mount Vernon (Mark Erickson, cooperator)! Same!Duke" plots used both years! Products tested were:!sandea (1.5 and 2 oz/a)!matrix (2 and 4 oz/a)!callisto (6 oz/a)!stinger (5.3 fl.oz/a)!two-way combinations! Applied late June or early July
18 Weed Control in Blueberry After Two POST Applications % NS Sandea 1.5 Sandea 2 Matrix 2 Matrix 4 Callisto Stinger San + Mat Cal + San Stin + San Cal + Mat Stin + Mat
19 Blueberry Herbicide Screen 2010 Results! No observable crop injury! Weed control ranged from 74 to 93%! Yield parameters did not differ significantly! All these herbicides look good for perennial weed control, particularly when used in combination
20 Red Raspberry Cane Burning Trial The graduate student conducting this research is Yushan Duan
21 Some Background! Cane burning is the practice of chemically removing the first primocanes produced by raspberry plants in the spring! The practice was first described by scientists in Washington and Oregon in the early 1970"s! It was developed to aid in the machine harvest of the predominant raspberry variety!willamette" using the herbicide dinoseb! It is now commonly practiced in red raspberry production
22 Raspberries after three dormant-season Casoron treatments
23 Raspberries after three cane burning Goal treatments
24 Raspberries after three years of dormant-season Casoron treatments followed by Aim
25 Why Cane Burn?! There are several suspected benefits to this practice! First, it may force raspberry plants into partitioning more photosynthates into berry production and less into vegetative growth, hopefully resulting in increased yield! Second, cane burning may decrease the labor involved in pruning and training overly long or numerous primocanes during the dormant season
26 Why Cane Burn?! Third, early-season primocane suppression may increase berry picking efficiency by thinning out the fruiting canopy and increasing the percentage of fruit caught by machine harvest equipment! Fourth, cane burning in Scotland reduced injury from:! Cane botrytis (Botrytis cinerea)! Spur blight (Didymella applanata)! Raspberry cane midge (Resseliella theobaldi) and associated cane blight or midge blight (Leptosphaeria coniothyrium)
27 Why Cane Burn?! Improved weed control is also sometimes offered as a reason to chemically suppress primocanes!a trial at WSU Vancouver (early 2000"s) showed that while weed control is improved by cane burning compared to non-treated raspberries, residual herbicides such as Casoron can control annual weeds at least as well as cane burning herbicides
28 Does Cane Burning Increase Yield?! Cane burning was reported in early to mid-80"s to increase yield in red raspberry cultivars with average to high vigor, such as!willamette",!chilcotin",!nootka", and!skeena"!northeastern cultivars!titan" and!royalty" also showed good yield response! Yield increases ranged from 0 to 12%, depending on the year and the cultivar
29 What Has Changed Over the Years?! Over the twenty or more years since these trials, however,!willamette" has been almost completely replaced!cane burning has not been evaluated in a systematic way for many recently-developed cultivars!in the three-year WSU-Vancouver trial with!meeker", cane burning did not significantly affect yield! Berry harvesting machinery has also changed tremendously!with new designs, are harvest efficiencies still appreciably improved by cane burning?
30 Cane Burning Project: Trial #1! Two cultivars (!Meeker" and!coho")! Established at Sakuma Brothers Farms near Burlington! Whole-row cane burning for each treatment: Aim, Goal, Sinbar, Sinbar + Aim, Sinbar + Goal, and non-treated! Harvest with grower equipment! 2010 through 2012, using the same plots
31 Weed Control in!meeker" (2010) % Aim Goal Sinbar Aim + Sin Goal + Sin 0 late May early Jun late Jun early Jul late Jul early Aug late Aug
32 Weed Control in!coho" (2010) % Aim Goal Sinbar Aim + Sin Goal + Sin 0 late May early Jun late Jun early Jul late Jul early Aug late Aug
33 lbs/acre Sakuma Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars bc a ab ab a b Aim Goal Sinbar Aim + Sin Goal + Sin Check
34 lbs/acre Sakuma Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars bc a ab ab a b Aim Goal Sinbar Aim + Sin Goal + Sin Check
35 lbs/acre Sakuma Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars bc a ab ab a b Aim Goal Sinbar Aim + Sin Goal + Sin Check
36 Cane Burning Project: Trial #2!!Meeker" (root rot susceptible) and!cascade Bounty" (root rot resistant) currently established at WSU Mount Vernon NWREC! Machine harvest, weekly primocane growth, and cane numbers! 2010 through 2012, using the same plots
37 lbs/acre On-Station Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars a a b Aim Goal Check
38 lbs/acre On-Station Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars a a b Aim Goal Check
39 lbs/acre On-Station Berry Yield (2010) Both Cultivars a a b Aim Goal Check
40 !Meeker" Primocane Height (2010) inches y y z ab ab a ab b a Aim Goal 40 Sinbar 30 Aim + Sin Goal + Sin 20 Check 10 0 On Station Sakuma
41 Cane Burning Project: Trial #3! New planting of!meeker",!chemainus",!saanich", and!cascade Bounty" at WSU Mount Vernon NWREC in April, 2010! Cane burning with Aim, Goal (registered products), Rely, or Kixor (non-registered but promising treatments! Measurements to include:! Fruiting architecture (number and length of secondary branches, number of fruit clusters, and number of fruits produced per cane)! Weed control! Primocane measurements (count, diameter, and length)! 2011 and 2012, using the same plots
42 Many Thanks! Funding for these trials was provided by:!washington State Red Raspberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry Commissions!Washington State Commission for Pesticide Registration!USDA/WSDA Specialty Crop Research Program!Industry support from Valent, Dupont, Syngenta, and Gowan! Sakuma Brothers Farms for plant material! Carl Libbey, Mike Particka, and the gang at WSU Mount Vernon NWREC
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