Drought Traits in Corn. Rob Aiken, K-State Northwest Research Extension Center, Colby 2014 No-till Oklahoma Conference

Transcription

1 Drought Traits in Corn Rob Aiken, K-State Northwest Research Extension Center, Colby 2014 No-till Oklahoma Conference

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4 Drought Traits in Corn Drought Gard, Monsanto, Transgenic, cold shock protein (CSPB), from bacteria Artisian, Syngenta, native genes, selected and incorporated into elite germplasm to create water-optimized hybrids AQUAmax, Pioneer, native genes, markerassisted selection in hybrid development program

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6 Experiment Station Field Trials CSU Central Great Plains Station, Akron, CO Joel Schneekloth, David Nielsen KSU Northwest REC, Colby, KS Rob Aiken KSU Southwest REC, Tribune, KS Alan Schlegel Texas A&M Agrilife Research Station, Etter, TX Thomas Marek, Quingwu Xue

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8 Grain Yield (bu/a) 160 Tillage and Population Effects Colby, CT early CT med early NT early NT med early Tillage and Relative Maturity

9 Relative Yield 1.2 Deficit Irrigation Timing Effects on Corn Yield, DroughtGard Colby, Kansas 2013 Well-watered Yield: 200 bu/a DG 111 DG 112 DG 113 DG 114 Check 0 V3-V8 V8-V14 VT-R3 R3-R6 Stress Timing

10 Impact of Drought Genetics on Irrigation Joel Schneekloth, David Nielsen and Rob Aiken Colorado State University, USDA-ARS, Kansas State University

11 Impact of Drought Genetics Study initiated in 2012 Akron, CO and Colby, KS Drought Genetics (Monsanto) Timing of water stress and impacts Withhold irrigation during 4 major reproductive time periods Approximately 10 days Pre-tassel Beginning Tassel (Pre-tassel-VT) Beginning Tassel to Silking (VT-R1) Silking to blister (R1-R2) Blister to milk (R2-R3)

12 Interesting results from prior study Average Crop Water Stress Index Inadequate Capacity ND4903 TXP151 NE5321 Hybrid Veg w/o DG Veg w/ DG Repro w/o DG Repro w/ DG

13 Akron CO R2-R3 R1-R2 VT-R1 Pre-tassell-VT CWSI /2/12 7/16/12 7/30/12 8/13/12 8/27/12 9/10/12 DATE

14 Grain Yield (bu/acre) 200 Drought Genetics Grain Yield Akron, CO, LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Average Stress Timing Yes No

15 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Drought Genetics Grain Yield Colby, KS, 2012 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Average Stress Timing Yes No

16 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 108 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 108 Day Yes 108 Day No

17 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 108 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 108 Day Yes 108 Day No

18 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 99 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 99 Day Yes 99 Day No

19 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 99 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 99 Day Yes 99 Day No

20 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 102 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 102 Day Yes 102 Day No

21 Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 102 CRM LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 102 Day Yes 102 Day No

22 Yield (bu/a, five ears) Water Deficit: Timing Effects on Corn Yield Colby, Kernels per Row I_1 I_2 I_3 I_4

23 Water Use (in) LIC Corn Water Use VT " 20871VT2P DKC " DKC " 24.56" NB5101 ND NH4329 NH R2-R3 R1-R2 VT-R1 Pre-tassel-VT Irrigation Treatment

24 Yield (bu/a) 155 Corn Hybrid Yield and Water Use Colby, KS, Water Use (in)

25 Crop ET (inches) 35 Crop ET by Hybrid Colby, KS Variety

26 Crop ET (inches) 35 Crop ET by Water Stress Timing 2012 Colby, KS Pre-Tassel-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Growth Stage Stress

27 Pre-tassel to VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R Akron CO CWSI /1/13 7/15/13 7/29/13 8/12/13 8/26/13 9/9/13 DATE

28 Grain Yield (bu/acre) 250 Average Yields by Water Stress Timing LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Water Stress Timing Akron Colby

29 Water Use (in) 2013 LIC Corn Water Use DG 20.90" 19.18" 20.02" DG VT DKC47 20 DKC50 DKC51 DKC52 DKC Pre-tassel -VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Irrigation Treatment

30 Crop ET (inches) 30 Crop ET by Hybrid Colby, KS Variety

31 Crop ET (inches) 30 Crop ET by Water Stress Timing 2013 Colby, KS Pre-Tassel-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Growth Stage Stress

32 Monsanto Corn LIC Experiment Bu/acre bu/a = (in ) r 2 = Water Use (in)

33 Conclusions Previous work has shown the potential of Drought Genetics when comparing isolines. However, the large variability in genetics dwarfs the what we could see in comparisons with currently available genetics. There were time periods with water stress where there could be potential benefits.

34 Marker-assisted selection Classic crop breeding program Elite breeding lines Testing hybrid combinations Managed environment Controlled water supply Statistical model for soil variability Genetic markers Method of associating genetic traits and plant performance Permits selection of superior hybrid combinations

35 Grain yield of a sequence of maize hybrids and two open-pollinated varieties plotted against the year of commercial release of the hybrids. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

36 Grain yield response to plant population for a drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive maize hybrid, indicated in Fig. 1, for a favourable (a) and drought (b) environmental breakout. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

37 Modelled (a) soil plant water balance, (b) biomass accumulation, and (c) yield for a droughtsensitive maize hybrid (dashed line) and a drought-tolerant maize hybrid (solid line) of similar maturity for an environment management scenario that results in progressive depletion of the available soil water from day 25 after planting. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

38 Measured difference in available soil water between a drought-sensitive and AQUAmax drought-tolerant hybrid in an environment management scenario comparable with that depicted in Fig. 6. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

39 Grain yield response to plant population for an AQUAmax, drought-tolerant and droughtsensitive maize hybrid for a favourable (a) and drought (b) environmental breakout. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

40 Comparison of grain yield for a set of commercial and pre-commercial maize hybrids, between a well-watered favourable environmental breakout and drought environmental breakout conducted under managed-environment conditions. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

41 Impact of Drought Genetics Drought is always a major concern in the Central Plains even under irrigation Capacity Breakdown GMO Technology Not new herbicide and insect resistance New Genetics? Can they influence water stress impacts? Higher drought tolerance?

42 Yield (bu/a) D1 Hybrids vs Conventional Hybrids