THE TROPICAL PERMACULTURE GUIDEBOOK - A GIFT FROM TIMOR-LESTE. Cover to be designed

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1 THE TROPICAL PERMACULTURE GUIDEBOOK - A GIFT FROM TIMOR-LESTE Cover to be designed

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3 Contents INTRODUCTION 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND MANY MANY THANKS... FORWARDS WELCOME TO THE TROPICAL PERMACULTURE GUIDEBOOK! AIM OF THE GUIDEBOOK OUR CHALLENGES Pollution Natural resource depletion Climate change Population Urbanisation Focus on finance and competition OUR TOOLS Permaculture Transition towns Food sovereignty Global change Education HOW TO USE THE GUIDEBOOK ABOUT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY THINK FOR YOURSELF USE YOUR COMMUNITY AND JOIN WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES IMPORTANT IDEAS FOR IMPLEMENTING PERMACULTURE X X X X CHAPTER 1 PERMACULTURE ETHICS AND PRINCIPLES PERMACULTURE THE ETHICS OF PERMACULTURE Earth care People care Fair share THE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF PERMACULTURE 1. Observe and interact Understanding the land See solutions not problems 2. Catch and store energy Quality is the best use of energy 3. Obtain a yield Make the system work for you 4. Apply self-regulation and accept feedback Personal responsibility Work smart not hard 5. Use and value renewable energy and resources 6. Produce no waste 7. Design from pattern to detail 8. Integrate rather than segregate Cooperation not competition 9. Use small and slow solutions Design the big pattern, work slow and small 10. Use and value diversity 11. Use edges and value the marginal Edge effect 12 Creatively use and respond to change Positive change Succession and evolution: using natural change The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 3

4 CHAPTER 2 NATURAL PATTERNS NATURAL PATTERNS Patterns and design Natural patterns in practice Gardens Fishponds Edges Water collection and storage Buildings and outdoor spaces Meeting and training spaces CHAPTER 3 DESIGN STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES PERMACULTURE DESIGN Why? Outcomes of good design Climate resilience Energy efficiency Food and Water security Environmental protection and restoration DESIGN TECHNIQUES MAPS ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS SITE ANALYSIS A site analysis map 1. Water Access 2: Human Access 3. Sun 4. Water Flow and Land Slopes 5. Flooding 6. Wind 7. Fire 8. Soil Types 9. Sacred or Cursed Land 10. Extra issues ZONES Using Zones Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION Local Knowledge Local Government Intuition Designs that grow DESIGN TECHNIQUES Multifunction Micro-climates Identifying natural micro-climates Creating micro-climates Water Wind Sun Shade Moderating Heat Moderating Cold Plastic Houses Using the house as a micro-climate Imitating natural ecosystems Catching water: Swale and terrace systems Benefits of Swales Swale sizes How to make a swale system A-Frame How to use the A-Frame Water Level How to use a water level Types of Swales Trench Swales Swale Overflow points Connecting the swales together Ploughed contour lines Rock Swales Boomerang Swales Water moving swales (off-contour swales) Windbreaks Windbreak Location Windbreak Construction Windbreak Maintenance Include beauty in design DESIGNING STEPS AND STAGES Design implementation priorities Accelerating your results Short and long term plans Design changes over time Creating new work habits 4 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

5 CHAPTER 4 HOUSES, WATER AND ENERGY HOUSES, WATER AND ENERGY House is part of land design Community ideas HOW DO YOU CREATE A HEALTHY HOUSE? 1. House location 2. Reduce risks Community ideas: preventing disasters 3. Suitable for climate 4. Good health and disease prevention 5. A house that is easy to clean 6. Efficient water use 7. Good drainage 8. Smart energy use with renewable energy sources 9. Recycling and waste management Burning waste BUILDING A HOUSE Start with a design House designs House building materials Clay Stone Bamboo Earth bags Wood Mixed material design IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR HOUSES Ventilation Protection from insect and weather damage Bamboo Wood Dry ground Render Render for bamboo and palm leaf stalk panels Roofs Insulation Roof insulation Curtains Natural light Sky light Insect screens OUTSIDE IMPROVEMENTS Creating and using micro-climates The house Pergola / shade structure Ponds Trees and windbreaks Ground covers and dust protection Water flows Gardens KITCHENS Kitchen improvements Stoves and ovens Ventilation Lots of light Kitchen health and management Sanitation Food preparation area Food storage Floor Animals Washing area Cleaning and using waste water Oil trap Pond system Trench and pit system Sloped land trench and swale system Cement waste water garden (WWG) system Management techniques WASHROOMS Compost showers Washroom design COMPOST TOILETS Compost toilet pit How to use a compost toilet pit Compost toilet systems 2-Box compost toilet Septic tanks WATER SUPPLY AND STORAGE Reforestation Collecting water Water pumps Ram pump Foot pumps and treadle pumps Solar power water pump Windmills Elevated water storage Family / house techniques Community water collection The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 5

6 CHAPTER 4 (CONTINUED) Storing water Keeping water clean Cleaning water for drinking Moringa seeds Water cleaning filters Combining water cleaning techniques Reducing mosquito problems RENEWABLE ENERGY Climate change Benefits of renewable energy Minimising energy use Hydro-electric systems Biogas system Solar system Wind systems Transport and transport fuels Coconut oil for diesel cars and diesel engines Other energy technologies CHAPTER 5 SOILS ABOUT HEALTHY SOIL WHAT IS HEALTHY LIVING SOIL? BENEFITS OF HEALTHY LIVING SOIL Do Do not DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL CLAY AND SANDY Improving soil structure Ideas for improving clay soil Ideas for improving sandy soil SOIL PH ACID AND ALKALINE ph chart Identifying soil ph ph balance solutions Other solutions for acidic soil Other solutions for alkaline soil NUTRIENT CYCLES Nutrient deficiencies Magnesium and calcium balance SOIL NUTRIENTS THE PLANT BUILDERS Natural nutrient sources Different ways to introduce new nutrients BIOTA THE SOIL BUILDERS Importance of worms in soil ORGANIC SOIL IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES MICRO-ORGANISM ACTIVATORS How to make micro-organism activators How to use micro-organism activators BIOCHAR ACTIVATED CHARCOAL What is biochar? Activating biochar Benefits Food production Soil quality and nutrients Biota and micro-organisms Water efficiency Climate change and healthy environments Dangers How to make biochar Biochar pit Biochar drum Biochar cooking stoves Large biochar production How to use biochar Activating biochar Compost Family gardens and sustainable agriculture Fruit trees and productive trees Using biochar as animal bedding LIQUID COMPOST Standard liquid compost Methods for continual use Fermented cow urine liquid compost Moringa liquid fertiliser COMPOST Plants for compost and liquid compost Quick compost A complete quick dry compost recipe Small quick compost Slow compost Animal house compost Using compost 6 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

7 BIODYNAMIC AGRICULTURE Tree competition WORM FARMS Closeness to house In-ground worm farm How to make an in-ground worm farm Container worm farms HUMANURE Diluted human urine INTEGRATED GARDEN DESIGN Water flow and water management Garden access and paths Garden beds Fences ORGANIC AND NATURAL MULCH What is mulch? Mulch types and sources Why use mulch? The mulch experiment proving the benefits of mulch Garden structures Trellising Hot period shade Sculpture and other art Compost and compost resources storage Small nurseries How to mulch Wet season mulching Trees, shrubs, and flowers Ponds LEGUMES How do legumes work? Techniques for using annual legumes Rotation of crops Annual crop integration Animal grazing and legumes Techniques for using perennial legumes Living fences Legume tree terraces Terrace and rice paddy edges Perennial crop integration Pioneers GREEN MANURE CROPS Crop waste and weeds as soil improvers Crop waste Weeds GARDEN BED DESIGNS Raised beds Garden bed width No-dig garden beds Wicking garden beds Spiral gardens Sloping land garden beds Swales Terraces Wet season planting ideas Dry season planting ideas Garden and compost integration African keyhole garden Compost baskets and trenches Banana pit/ pit composting garden Direct composting rotation system LIVING SOILS Garden beds with fish ponds and paddies CHAPTER 6 FAMILY GARDENS STEP BY STEP GARDEN SITE ANALYSIS Garden location and access Sunlight Water supply Soil Land characteristics Wind GARDEN MAINTENANCE Adding plant food Water-saving techniques Weed control Problem weeds Other weeds Grow your own weeds Pest and disease control Chicken control Climate control The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 7

8 CHAPTER 6 (CONTINUED) PLANTING METHODS AND PLANTING TIMES Drying and storing meats Drying meat Storing meat Preserving food Seed planting ideas Pedal powered food processors Seedling transplanting ideas Oil extraction Succession plantings Using different plant growth times Using different plant heights Crop rotation Integrating crops together COOKING WITH OVENS AND STOVES Clay stoves Cement and sawdust stoves How to make the stove Using the cement stove Vegetable combinations Sweet potatoes and taro Tin metal stoves Gas stoves using biogas Integration with mushrooms Mushrooms types for eating Mushroom maintenance Integration with animals Integration with fish Clay ovens Drum oven Cooking bricks Compressed bricks Charcoal bricks CHAPTER 7 FOOD, HEALTH AND NUTRITION GOOD FOOD FROM GOOD AGRICULTURE Solar cookers and solar ovens CHAPTER 8 SEEDS AND PROPAGATION Traditional cuisine WHY SAVE SEEDS? GOOD NUTRITION Good sources of nutrition Good drinks Food as medicine Fermented foods Natural medicines Kitchen and bathroom cleaners Bad nutrition Important plants to grow around your house Plan an all year food supply Food calendar Creating a strategic food reserve Plant relations Pollination Cross-pollination Keep your seed stock strong Non-hybrid seeds Hybrid seeds Genetically modified (GM) seeds Local seed calendars HOW TO SAVE SEEDS STEP 1: Healthy strong plants STEP 2: Choose the best plants STORING, DRYING AND PRESERVING VEGETABLES STEP 3: How to collect the seeds STEP 4: Cleaning the seeds Natural cold food storage Clay pots The Coolgardie safe Natural food drying Plastic solar dryer Wood and glass solar dryer STEP 5: Drying the seeds STEP 6: Storing the seeds Methods to reduce insect problems Containers for seed storage Fruit tree seeds storage Planting material storage STEP 7: Using the seed and plant material 8 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

9 PLANT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES Tree propagation Cutting propagation Marcotting - new trees from branches Grafting Root propagation Collecting young seedlings COMMUNITY SEED AND PLANT GROUP 1. Seed and plant exchange 2. Seed and plant bank Seed bank Plant bank 3. Seed and plant selection 4. Seed collecting and drying 5. Seed drying room 6. Seed storage 7. Seed and plant supply 8. Seed and plant material garden 9. Seed and planting material list 10. Seed testing 11. Exchanging and selling seeds and plant materials 12. Community nursery RESPONSIBLE SEED AND PLANT USE Do not introduce new pests or diseases Research any potential weed problems CHAPTER 9 PLANT NURSERIES PLANT NURSERY Nursery location Nursery design and construction Good materials to use for construction Nursery tables and workbenches Seedling boxes and containers Potting mixes General potting mix Potting mix for seeds Potting mix for cuttings and propagation Potting mix for long-term productive trees and plants Potting mix for native trees Problems of too many nutrients and fungus Planting seeds Improving the seeds success rate When to plant Root propagation plants Garden plot nurseries NURSERY MAINTENANCE Watering Fertilising Transplanting Weed control Pest and disease control Preventing root problems Hardening plants before planting CHAPTER 10 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ABOUT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Protect the surrounding environment Beware of chemicals Working together for a healthy environment CREATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 1. Seeds 2. Natural fertilisers and soil improvers Liquid fertiliser Compost and manure Mulch Cover crops living mulch Green manure crops Bacterial activators Biochar Legumes annual Legumes perennial 3. Water supply Irrigation Water catchments and small dams Underground water Peddle pumps and animal driven pumps The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 9

10 CHAPTER 10 (CONTINUED) CREATING THE RIGHT CONDITIONS 1. Land design using natural patterns 2. Windbreaks 3. Terraces and swales for water storage and soil protection For agriculture land For protecting agriculture land 4. Raised vegetable beds 5. Plastic houses or roofs 5. Fences 6. Stop burning Why stop burning? Ash in fertilisers 7. Increase the number and types of trees 8. Improving very poor soil Soil with long term diseases LAND AND CROP MANAGEMENT 1. Pre-planting techniques 2. Natural pest and disease management 3. Weed maintenance Valuable weeds 4. Crop rotation 5. Intercropping vegetables, grains and small trees Combinations Swale planting ideas Wet season Dry season 6. Reduce soil compaction 7. Planting times in the wet season 8. Using land for its BEST use 9. Use buffaloes/cows to prepare the land About tractors 10. Integration with other systems SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) SRI techniques 1. Early transplanting 2. Careful transplanting 3. Wide spacing 4. Well-drained soil 5. Early and frequent weeding 6. Apply compost and mulch Using SRI MUSHROOMS Intensive mushroom cultivation Integrated mushroom production Mushrooms types to grow Mushroom maintenance WORKING TOGETHER 1. Community consultation 2. Community participation and understanding 3. Community ceremonies 4. Working with government 5. Community cooperatives and farmers groups Shared labour cooperative POST-HARVEST STORAGE AND USE Natural protection from insects for seed storage Storage systems for food Containers for grains Fresh harvest Ground Storage Using excess produce CHAPTER 11 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT? What are pests and diseases? Changing from chemical to organic Local knowledge and observation I.P.M. STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES 1. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY, LIVING SOIL 2. BEST GROWING CONDITIONS 3. NATURAL PEST PREDATORS Biological control 4. HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT Diversity 5. USE NON-HYBRID, OPEN POLLINATED SEEDS 6. GOOD CROP MANAGEMENT Crop rotation Plant spacing Controlling nematodes Companion planting techniques Reasons and examples for companion planting 10 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

11 7. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES Garden hygiene Cuttings, root stock and seeds Plant diseases and fungus Pest control for seeds and seedlings Making and using baits and traps General pest trap Baits for fruit fly Snail and slug traps Citrus skin traps Hand nets 8. USING CHICKENS AND DUCKS FOR PEST CONTROL 9. NATURAL PESTICIDES Recipes and techniques Hand picking Neem spray Crushed insect sprays Gliricidia sepium leaf spray Soap spray Chilli /garlic/soap spray White oil spray Papaya spray Ginger juice Taro leaf spray Tomato leaf spray Glue sprays Pyrethrum spray Marigold spray Ash Citrus skin spray Lime powder spray Custard apple (Annona squamosa) Tobacco leaf spray Coffee (used grounds/powder) Betel nut juice Betel leaf Traditional Sprays Traditional ritual pest removal NATURAL FUNGICIDES Neem spray Seaweed tea Betel leaf and cloves Garlic Papaya Coffee (used grounds/powder) Diluted urine Burnt bone ash (for phytophthora and other root fungus) Casuarina Milk How to apply natural pesticides and fungicides Storage Monitoring results Make a sprayer from bamboo DANGER: CHEMICAL PESTICIDES, FUNGICIDES AND HERBICIDES OTHER PESTS Ants Rats and mice People Chickens, ducks, pigs, goats, cows and buffaloes Monkeys and other native animals CHAPTER 12 TREES TREES ARE LIFE HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST SYSTEMS 1. Store water in the ground 2. Protect soils and stop erosion 3. Control animals 4. Stop burning! 5. Community management plan PRODUCTIVE TREES AND PERMACULTURE TREE SYSTEMS PREPARING THE LAND For sloped land - Swale and tree terrace systems Types of swales Boomerang water catchments Net and pan water catchments Tree terrace swale systems Planting the swales or ploughed contour lines For flat land Water management for flat land For dry lands PLANTING PLANS Introducing new tree species Food forests Food forest stages Integrated orchard and agro-forestry systems Designing the system Planting stages Tree combinations The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 11

12 CHAPTER 12 (CONTINUED) CHAPTER 13 BAMBOO FRUIT TREE AND TREE CROP MAINTENANCE Planting Fencing and tree guards Watering Fertilising and soil improvement Soil Improvers Biochar and bacterial activators Where, when and how much to fertilise? Compost and manures Liquid compost Humanure fertilisers Green manure crops Living mulch plants Mulching Weed control Pruning Pruning for good production Pruning legumes Reviving sick and unproductive fruit trees REFORESTATION Choosing the trees and plants Site selection Site Preparation Seed balls and direct seeding How to make seed balls Placing seed balls Reforestation tree maintenance Planting Watering Fertilising Mulching Pruning How to assist natural reforestation Protection from animals, fire, wind and erosion Community Participation Community ownership Traditional law for natural forest management Protection from fire Protection from animals Protection from wind Protection from erosion BAMBOO Bamboo varieties THE YEARLY BAMBOO CYCLE BAMBOO PROPAGATION Time to propagate Rhizome propagation Culm cutting propagation Planting the culms Nursery propagation WHERE TO GROW BAMBOO FOR THE BEST RESULTS Quality culms Edible shoots Land and environmental management HOW TO GROW HIGH QUALITY BAMBOO CULMS Fertilising and mulch Clump management Thinning Branch pruning New shoot cutting and marking Growing bamboo for edible shoots Bamboo plantations Intensive plantations Mixed plantations HOW TO HARVEST HIGH QUALITY BAMBOO CULMS 1. The right species 2. The age of bamboo The age of the bamboo clump The age of the culms 3. Harvest time 4. Natural preservation of the culms Clump curing Water treatment Seawater treatment Derris treatment Boron treatment 5. Drying and storage Oil and varnish BAMBOO PRODUCTS Building bamboo structures Securing bamboo to concrete footings 12 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

13 Food Compound poles Bamboo reinforced concrete Food for people Food for animals House and market products Bamboo plywood, laminated panels and beams (structural building material) Furniture building materials Clothing Musical instruments Cooking containers Water containers Storage containers Plant containers Candle and light holders Bamboo charcoal and waste bricks for cooking BAMBOO FARM PRODUCTS AND FUNCTIONS Bamboo biochar Bamboo leaves Mulch Chicken nest material Compost and liquid compost material Bamboo ash for gardens Living fences Trellising Fencing materials and fences Complete bamboo fence Windbreaks Irrigation pipes Erosion control, water bodies and reforestation Swale systems Rivers and springs Water channels, ponds and aquaculture Roads CHAPTER 14 ANIMALS THE IMPORTANCE OF ANIMALS Small animals Animal system design CHICKENS Chicken needs Night house Permanent chicken house and yard Food Shade Fence Friends Clipped wings Health Chicken products Chicken workers Chicken systems Chicken and vegetable systems Chickens and fruit trees Community chicken management Ducks needs Water Food Duck house Shade Health Duck products Duck systems Night house Duck house with fruit tree yard Ducks and orchards Duck and rice paddies Ducks and vegetable gardens Ducks and irrigation water PIGS Simple needs Simple pig house Food and water Health Pig yard Pig products Pig tractors GOATS Goat needs Simple goat house Food Food rotation Health Goat products Goat milk Manure Land clearing DUCKS The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 13

14 COWS Cow needs Food Water Cow yard Shade Health Cow products Manure Cows and sustainable agriculture Agro-forestry, orchard and cow integration Wild legume paddy rotation BUFFALO Buffalo needs Food Water Health Buffalo yard and shade Water hole Buffalo products Labour Manure Buffalo systems Agro-forestry, orchard and buffalo integration Rice paddies Crop rotation in rice paddies Rice paddy preparation LEATHER How to cure leather SMALL ANIMALS Rabbits Rabbit house Food Breeding Health Products Pigeons OTHER ANIMALS Bees Beeives Horses and ponies Dogs WORKING TOGETHER WITH COMMUNITIES Animal health Community animal breeding Community land animal feeding Community animal yards and houses Community agreement on animal management Land, river and spring protection from animals MARKETING ANIMAL RIGHTS CHAPTER 15 AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE WHY IS AQUACULTURE IMPORTANT? AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT STEP BY STEP AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS Objectives Location Sun Size Depth Shelf Sloped sides Shape Construction Clay or cement? Clay pond techniques Cement pond techniques Water for the Fishponds Drainage pipe Water Overflow points FISH PRODUCTION Creating an aquaculture ecosystem STEP 1: Prepare the fishponds Lime Manure Plant material Bacterial activator STEP 2: Provide shade and fences if needed STEP 3: Add water plants and animals STEP 4: Provide homes for the fish STEP 5: Plants around the pond edge STEP 6: Add the Fish!! Different types of fish together Stocking rates 14 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

15 TYPES OF FISH Carp Tilapia Catfish Gourami Freshwater prawns Eels Breeding fish Water plant production POND MANAGEMENT Fish food Food for herbivore and omnivore fish Extra feeding Types of natural feed for herbivore and omnivore fish Types of natural feed for carnivore fish Processed feed for all fish types Fish diseases and pests Diseases Pests Oxygen Cleaning the ponds Potential problems Pollution Over feeding Mosquitoes Poisonous toads Other fishpond benefits CHAPTER 16 COOPERATIVES IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY COOPERATIVES Benefits to the whole community Easier and cheaper to collect and buy materials Increased product range Better community representation and opportunities Using different skills Improved marketing, transporting and selling goods Individual benefits HOW TO SET UP AND MANAGE Produce ideas the seed Value adding Providing services Ecotourism Resource and product analysis the seed grows Product questions Resource questions Marketing questions Management structure the tree trunk 1. Vision statement 2. Ethical structure 3. A management system 4. A set wage, price and profit structure 5. A thorough bookkeeping system 6. A plan for future change and development WET SEASON FISHPONDS Salt water fishponds FISH INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEMS Chicken and Fish System Pigs and Fish System Rice paddy and Fish Systems Ducks and Fish Systems Dry season vegetable growing Integration with water catchments Swales Water Trenches Sloped land water trenches Flat Land water trenches Floating vegetable gardens Chinampa Systems Using house water for fishponds TYPES OF COOPERATIVES Small business cooperatives Women s groups or cooperatives Plant nursery Stoves, ovens and water filters Bamboo Biochar Recycling waste Food drying and storage cooperatives Farmers cooperatives Food cooperatives Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Tool and resource cooperatives DRYING AND STORING FISH The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 15

16 CHAPTER 17 URBAN AND COMMUNITY PERMACULTURE URBAN AND COMMUNITY PERMACULTURE Capacity to change with future changes Urban and community design Community Site Analysis Community Zones Disaster and disease risk reduction Land allocation and use ELEMENTS OF URBAN AND COMMUNITY LIFE Building design Water collection, storage, use and reuse Community water supply Cleaning water for drinking Keeping water moving and clean Flood mitigation and prevention Energy creation and use Waste Management Human waste Repair and recycling Waste dumps Food waste/compostables Transport Urban food production Appropriate techniques for urban production Community gardens Roof top and vertical gardens Park and roadside gardens Community Centres Small businesses and cooperatives Markets Community supported agriculture (CSA) Urban environment and ecology Bird and small animal habitats LOCAL ECONOMY Product Zones Keep money in the local economy Buy Less Stuff Trading methods Bartering Local Enterprise Trading Scheme (L.E.T.S.) L.E.T.S. How does it work? Direct Trade Part money part trade Local currency Micro-finance Reversing urbanisation STRONG COMMUNITY Food Sovereignty Six Principles to Achieve Food Sovereignty Transition towns Community growth, inclusion and conflict resolution 16 The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor-Leste. introduction

17 TRAINERS GUIDE GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE PERMACULTURE TRAINERS GUIDE Course planning Women and permaculture training Barriers to learning for women Problems and Solutions A PERMACULTURE COURSE Type of course(s) to choose Permaculture Design Course (PDC) Smaller trainings and long-term partnerships PERMACULTURE COURSE PLANNING Pre-training preparation 1. Choose the community 2. Meet the community leaders 3. Survey community needs 4. Course planning 5. Prepare course schedule 6. Prepare the site DELIVERING THE COURSE Trainers Women trainers Women only trainings Classroom techniques Teaching Handouts Creativity Practical demonstrations Discussion groups Design and mapping exercises Role-play Films and photos with discussion Training in different and natural locations Field trips and ongoing exchange visits Celebration Training feedback and monitoring Post-training follow up Individual and group projects Community projects GLOSSARY THE INTERNET Using the internet WEBSITES FOR PERMACULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES General websites Ch 1: Permaculture Ethics and Principles Ch 2: Natural Patterns Ch 3: Permaculture Design: Strategies and Techniques Ch 4: Houses, Water and Energy Ch 5: Soils Ch 6: Family Gardens Ch 7: Food, Health and Nutrition Ch 8: Seed Saving Ch 9: Plant Nurseries Ch 10: Sustainable Agriculture Ch 11: Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) Ch 12: Trees Ch 13: Bamboo Ch 14: Animals Ch 15: Aquaculture Ch 16: Cooperatives Ch 17: Urban and community permaculture Trainers Guide BOOKS Books referenced for this guidebook TO FINISH... Step by step is the key this book is just the beginning... The Tropical Permaculture Guidebook - A gift from Timor Leste. introduction 17