Nutrient Management in Biofuel Crop Production

Transcription

1 Nutrient Management in Biofuel Crop Production Investigators: Tim Reinbott, Bradford Research and Extension Center, University of Missouri, Manjula Nathan, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Kelly Nelson, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Robert Kremer, USDA-ARS, Department of Environmental Soils and Atmospheric Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Missouri Objectives and Relevance: 1. To determine the optimum nutrient management practices for environmentally safe and economically viable biofuel production. 2. To evaluate long-term effects of biofuel crop production on selected chemical, physical and microbiological properties of crop land. Corn acreage has increased in Missouri as a result of higher corn prices due in part to ethanol demand. This has resulted in more corn on corn rotations. There is also considerable interest in cellulosic ethanol production using corn stover, annual crops such as sorghum, and perennial grass crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus. Removal of above ground biomass could adversely result in alterations of soil properties as well as changes in soil fertility recommendations. This research is designed to answer these questions through a cropping systems approach. Procedures: Experimental plots established for research on biofuel crops production and management practices at Research and Extension Centers near Columbia and Novelty will be used in this study. The experimental design will be 8x3 factorial laid out in a split-plot design. The main plots will have 8 bio-fuel cropping systems that were established in 2007 as listed below: 1. Continuous Corn for grain only 2. Continuous Corn for grain and stover removal 3. Corn-soybean rotation for grain only 4. Soybean-corn rotation for grain only 5. Sweet Sorghum /Wheat double crop 6. Miscanthus 7. Switchgrass 8. Tall Fescue The subplots will receive the following three fertilizer treatments: 1. University of Missouri Fertilizer and lime recommendations with a 4 year P and K Buildup 2. Fertilizer recommendations based on annual crop removal values with one year P and K buildup 3. Control- 0 P, 0K The following soil chemical, physical and microbiological measurements made each year. 1. Initial Soil fertility measurements (ph, NA, P, K, Ca, Mg, OM, CEC) 2. Organic C and total N measurements 3. Wet aggregate stability measurements to determine structural changes

2 4. Carbon and Nitrogen mineralization using selected soil enzyme assays 5. End of season soil fertility measurements Plant measurements: 1. Dry matter production (Treatments 2, 5-8) 2. Grain yield (Treatments 1-4) 3. Nutrient uptake (based on dry matter production and grain yield) Current Status and Importance of Research: Concern over higher energy prices as well as environmental issues such as global warming has increased interest and use of alternative energy sources such as ethanol and biodiesel. The federal government has issued tax incentives for the production of ethanol and has set goals of future renewable energy use. The largest source of ethanol has been derived from corn grain and use has increased rapidly in the past decade with 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol produced using approximately 20% of the US corn crop in This trend will continue since more ethanol plants are coming on line and the federal government set a target in 2005 of 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol blended by 2012 and in 2007 increased that target to 35 billion gallons by Other federal programs have set goals as high as 30% of the gasoline demand to be derived from cellulosic materials by 2025 (45 billion gallons). To meet this and other goals, sources other than corn grain must be used since the entire US corn crop can only produce 35 billion gallons of ethanol. Most analyst put the cap on ethanol derived from corn grain at approximately 14 billion gallons leaving over 30 billion gallons coming from cellulosic sources. The conversion of corn stover as well as forage and biomass crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus into ethanol is necessary to meet this demand. To meet the demands for biofuel production, farming practices will change from an annual rotation of corn and soybean to continuous corn production for both grain and stover. The entire above ground biomass production of annual and perennial crops will also need to be harvested and removed for cellulosic ethanol production. Removal of the entire above ground biomass can result in changes in many soil properties through the loss of organic matter and degradation in the quality of soil structure resulting in a loss of water exchange, aeration, and biological activity. Cellulosic ethanol production from perennial crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus may be a better choice than from annual crops such as corn and sorghum since their root systems are more extensive, may not result in a loss of soil organic matter, and provide more consistent soil biological activity critical for nutrient cycling. Current Missouri fertilizer recommendations do not reflect removal of the entire biomass and will need to be adjusted to meet the demands from these practices. Simple calculations of the removal of 2/3 s of the corn stover per acre is equal to removal of 10 lb P /acre and 80 lb K 2 0/acre with a cost of nearly $70/acre. Utilizing switchgrass as a biofuel has the potential to take off as much as 45 lb P 2 O 5 /acre and 230 lb K 2 O/acre when dry matter yields are 5 tons/acre/. These numbers are only estimates and do not reflect data collected in Missouri in replicated trials. We also do not know if luxury consumption by plants due to a buildup of soil P and K levels within one year will result in a larger than expected removal of soil nutrients. For Missouri producers to be competitive with new market opportunities using biofuels, they will need to know how to manage soil fertility inputs and crop selection.

3 Economic Impact: With rising cost of N, P and K fertilizers, efficient use for Missouri farmers is increasingly important. At the same time, farmers are facing new opportunities to grow and market nontraditional crops in the biofuel industry which will demand new and adjusted rates of such fertilizers. The impact of fertilizer management and the impacts on soil properties may have unforeseen economic impacts since this research will be establishing basic evaluations of these decisions on soil properties. Timetable: 2007-Swithgrass, Miscanthus, tall fescue, and crop rotations established at the Greenly Research Center and the Bradford Research and Extension Center March-April 2009 Soil sample collection April-June 2009 Planting and treatment applications June-August 2009 Sampling for bio-mass production September November 2009 Harvest, yield measurements, and soil and plant sample collection. May- November 2009: Lab analysis on soil chemical, physical properties and micro-biological activity measurements December: Summarize results, statistical analysis and write annual research report. Year 2010 and 2011 will be the same as 2009 except that winter wheat will be planted in October in treatment 5 after sorghum harvest. Strategy for Application/Transfer of Knowledge: The results from this project will be used to evaluate environmentally safe and economically viable nutrient management practices for biofuel crop production in Missouri soils. The effects of biofuel crop production on selected chemical, physical and biological soil properties will enhance the understanding of the long term effects on sustainability and soil health. In addition, it will improve the soil test-based fertilizer recommendations used for biofuel crop production in Missouri. This information will be incorporated into University of Missouri recommended soil test procedures, research and extension publications and will be disseminated to the growers, researchers and industry personnel through field day presentations at the Bradford Research and Extension Center and the Greenly Research Center, grower meetings, regional and national meetings. References: 1. Andrews, S Crop residue removal for biomass energy production: effects on soils and recommendations. White Paper. USDA-Natural Resources and Conservation Service. 2. Fixen, P Potential biofuels influence on the fertilizer market. Proceedings of the 2007 Fluid Fertilizer Forum. Feb 18-20, Scottsdale, AZ. 3. Kovar, J Will sulfur limit bio-fuel corn production? ASA Abstract. ASA-SSSA- CSSA 4. Service, R.F Biofuel researchers prepare to reap a new harvest Science. 315: Wilhelm. W.W., J.M. F. Johnson, D.L. Karlen, and D.T. Lightle Corn stover to sustain soil organic carbon further constrains biomass supply. Agon. J. 99:

4 Budget CATEGORIES Year 2009 Year 2010 Year 2011 A. Salaries Senior Lab Technician (20%) General Labor for help with field work at the rate of $9:00 per hour 1000 man hours $5,200 $9,000 $5,356 $9,000 $5,517 $9,000 B. Fringe Benefits Fringe for Lab Technician (25%) $1,560 $1,607 $1,656 TOTAL SALARIES AND FRINGE BENEFITS $15,760 $15,963 $16,173 C. Travel Travel to field site To present research findings at National Meetings $1,000 $500 $600 $600 $600 $600 TOTAL TRAVEL COSTS $1,500 $1,200 $1,200 D. Equipment $0 $0 $0 TOTAL EQUIPMENT use and maintenance COSTS $1,000 $1000 $1000 E. Other Direct Costs Soil analysis Plant Analysis Soil physical and Microbiological measurements Field supplies Publication cost $2240 $5880 $1150 $400 $1680 $5880 $3100 $100 $1680 $5880 $3100 $500 TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS $9,670 $10,860 $11,160 TOTAL REQUEST $27,930 $28,923 $29,533 Justification: Salaries and Fringe Benefits: Funds are requested support of a senior lab technician for 4 months based on an annual salary of $26,000, 30% fringe benefits. Travel: Covers cost of travel to farm research centers filed sites for treatment application, sample collections, taking field measurements, harvesting in Missouri and for field days presentations and to present the research work in national meetings. Field supplies: seeds, fertilizer, soil and plant samplers, sample bags and other field supplies.

5 Resume for TIMOTHY MARTIN REINBOTT Home Address: Work Address: N Hwy 124 Bradford Research & Ext. Center Centralia, MO Rangeline Road Columbia, MO Home Telephone: reinbottt@missouri.edu Work Telephone: Education: BS-Agronomy, University of Missouri, 1984 MS-Agronomy, University of Missouri, 1986 Thesis Title: Intercropping soybeans into standing green wheat Advisor: Dr. Zane Helsel Professional Experience: October 2000-present:Superintendent Bradford Research & Extension Center January 2000-October 2000: Interim Superintendent Agronomy Research Center Supervisor-Dr. John Gardner-Associate Director of Agriculture Experiment Station September 15, 1987-January 2000: Research Associate at the University of Missouri, Agronomy Department. Supervisor-Dr. Dale Blevins-Professor of Agronomy Refereed Journal Articles: Reinbott, T.M., Z.R. Helsel, D.G. Helsel, M.R. Gebhardt, and H.C. Minor Intercropping soybeans into standing green wheat. Agron. J. 79: Reinbott, T. M. and D. G. Blevins Phosphate interaction with uptake and leaf composition of magnesium, calcium, and potassium in winter wheat seedlings. Agron. J. 83: Morris, R.O., Blevins, D.G., Dietrich, J.T., Durley, R.C., Gelvin, S.B., Gray, J., Hommes, N.G., Kaminek, M., Matthews, L.J., Meilan, R., Reinbott, T.M. and Sayavedrasoto, L Cytokinins in plant pathogenic bacteria and developing cereal grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20: Reinbott, T.M. and D.G. Blevins Phosphorus and temperature effects on magnesium, calcium and potassium in wheat and tall fescue leaves. Agron. J. 86: Reinbott, T.M. and D.G. Blevins Response of soybean to foliar-applied boron and magnesium and soil-applied boron. J. Plant Nutrition 18: Reinbott, T. M. and D. G. Blevins Multi-year use of killed-strips for forage and grain sorghum production in a tall fescue pasture. J. Production Agriculture 8: Dietrich, J.T., M. Kaminek, M., D.G. Blevins, T.M. Reinbott and R.O. Morris Changes in cytokinins and cytokinin oxidase in developing maize kernels and the effects of exogenous cytokinin on kernel development. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 33: Blevins, D.G., C.L. Scrivner, T.M. Reinbott and M. K. Schon Foliar boron increases berry number and yield of two highbush blueberry cultivars in Missouri. J. Plant Nutrition 19: Reinbott, T.M. and D.G. Blevins Phosphorus and magnesium fertilization interaction with soil phosphorus level: Tall fescue yield and mineral element content. J. Production Agriculture 10: Reinbott, T.M., D.G. Blevins and M.K. Schon Content of boron and other elements in main stem and branch leaves and seed of soybean. J. Plant Nutrition 20: Blevins, D.G. and T.M. Reinbott Impact of phosphorus nutrition on magnesium, calcium, and water status of plants. In Pennsylvania State Root Biology Proceedings. J. Lynch (ed). Pp Reinbott T. M. and D.G. Blevins Phosphorus nutritional effects on root hydraulic conductance, xylem water flow and flux of magnesium and calcium in squash plants. Plant and Soil 209:

6 Lock, T.R., Kallenbach, R.L., Blevins, D.G., Reinbott, T.M., Bishop-Hurley, G.J., Crawford, R.J., Massie, M.D., and Tyler, J.W Adequate soil phosphorus decreases the grass tetany potential of tall fescue pasture. Online. Crop Management. Doi: /CM RS. Lock, T.R., Kallenbach, R.L., Blevins, D.G., Reinbott, T.M., Crawford, R.J., Massie, M.D., and Bishop-Hurley, G.J Phosphorus Fertilization of Tall Fescue Pastures May Protect Beef Cows from Hypomagnesaemia and Improve Gain in Nursing Calves. Online. Crop Management. Doi: /CM RS. Reinbott, T.M., Conley, S.P., and Blevins, D.G No-Tillage Corn and Grain Sorghum Response to Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy Journal:96: Extension/Popular Articles: Reinbott, T. M. and D. G. Blevins Winter Annual Cover Crops for Missouri. UMC Agronomy Technical Report, Vol. 7, No. 10. December. Pp Reinbott, T. M. and D. G. Blevins A Strip Kill Forage Production System for Fescue Pastures. UMC Agronomy Technical Report, Vol. 9, No. 2. February. Pp Blevins, D. G. and T. M. Reinbott Foliar Fertilization of Soybeans in Missouri. Proc. North Central Ext.-Indust. Soil Fert. Conf., Vol. 7: Scrivner, C. L., D. G. Blevins, M. K. Schon and T. M. Reinbott Effects of foliar boron applications on yield of Collins and Blueray blueberries. In: P. L. Byers, ed., Missouri Small Fruits Conf. Proc., State Fruit Exp. Stn., Mountain Grove, Vol. 11, pp Blevins, D. G., M. LeNoble, K. Lukaszewski, T. Reinbott and R. Miles Physiological aspects of alfalfa root growth. In: Alfalfa Production in Missouri. A manual, Ed. Craig Roberts. Blevins, D.G., Reinbott, T.M. and Boyce, P.J Foliar fertilization of soybeans with boron and magnesium: Plant physiology. PPI/FAR Technical Bulletin , Potash & Phosphate Inst. and Foundation for Agronomic Research Publ., Norcross, GA, p.1-6. Reinbott, T, Mattas, R., and Blevins, D Low phosphorus soils cause major problems with forage and livestock production. Better Crops with Plant Food 81: Lock, T.R., Kallenbach, R.L., Blevins, D.G., Reinbott, T.M., Crawford Jr., R.J., Massie, M.D., and Bishop-Hurley, G.J Soil Phosphorus may be important to beef herd health and performance. Better Crops with Plant Food 85:4-5. Current Grants: : Improve Propagation Techniques, Conduct Research and Increase Landowner Outreach and Agricultural Applications of Select Native Plant Species- $150,000 Missouri Department of Conservation : Demonstration of farm profitability utilizing management techniques that promote soil and water conservation practices and improve pastures.-$236,151 USDA-NRCS : Evaluating Native Grasses and Forbs for Suitability in the Ozarks-$5,000 Wurdack Endowment

7 Resume of Manjula V. Nathan Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri 23 Mumford Hall, Columbia, MO WEB: Tel.: (573) (work), FAX.: (573) Education Ph.D. in Agronomy (1989), South Dakota State University Major: Agronomy- Soil Fertility Minor: Chemistry M.Phil. in Agric. (1981), Post Graduate Institute of Agriculture University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Major: Soil Chemistry Minor: Statistics B.S. (Hons.) in Agric. (1978), University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Major: Agronomy Specialization: Soil Science WORK EXPERIENCE to date: Extension Associate Professor/ Director of Soil Testing & Plant Diagnostic Laboratories University of Missouri, Columbia, MO : Associate Soil Scientist - Land Reclamation Research Center, North Dakota State University, Mandan, ND : Postdoctoral Associate - Dept. of Soil Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Honors and Awards 2007: Promoted from Assistant to Associate Professor, Univesrity of Missouri 2002: Honored Member of Who Is Who in Agriculture Higher Education (WWAHE). Professional Service and Activities National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Panel Chair for Division of Plant & Animal Sciences (2005) Chair and State representative for NCR -13 Committee on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis (Chair: ; Secretary: 1999; State Rep: to date) Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Committee of SSSA - S 877 (2003 to date) External Grant Reviewer for US and Canadian Federal Funding Organizations (USDA: to date; USDE-FIPSE ; and CAAS: ). North American Proficiency Testing Program Oversight Committee of SSSA S 890 (2002 to date) Editorial Board for Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Journal (2002 to date) National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Panelist ( ; 2005, 2006) Membership and Affiliations American Society of Agronomy Soil Science Society of America Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Council Sigma Delta Epsilon Gamma Sigma Delta AOAC International National, Regional and State Assignments National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Panel Chair for Division of Plant & Animal Sciences (2005) Chair and State representative for NCR -13 Committee on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis (Chair: ; Secretary: 1999; State Rep: to date) Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Committee of SSSA - S 877 (2003 to date)

8 Publications Refereed 1. Nelson, K. A.., Motavalli, P. P., and M. Nathan Response to No-Till Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to Timing of Preplant and Foliar Potassium Applications in a Claypan Soil. In Agron. J. 97: Mottavalli, P. P., J. Lory, M. Nathan and C. Fulcher Increased access to soil and plant testing database: Opportunities and Issues. Commun. In Soil Sci. and Plant Anal. 33: Book chapters: 1. Nathan, M Reagents and Standards. Chapter 5. In Quality Assurance and Quality Control Model Plan for Soil Testing Laboratories. Soil Science Society and Oregon State University Publication. P Combs, S. M. and M. V. Nathan Soil Organic Matter. In Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for North Central Region. Ed. J. R. Brown. Chapter 12: Missouri Ag. Expt. Station SB 1001, University of Missouri-Columbia Abstracts 1. Nathan, M. V., Sun, Y., Abernathy, S., and D. Dunn Summary of Soil Fertility Status in Missouri by County, Soil Regions and Cropping Systems Annual Meetings Abstract. ASA, SSSA, CSSA Madison, WI. 2. Nathan, M. V Evaluation of Soil ph Buffers for Determining Lime Requirement in North Central Region. Soil and Plant Analysis Workshop Proceedings Abstracts. North Central Extension & Research Activity 13 Group publication. 3. Nathan, M. V., Scharf, P., and Y. Sun Evaluation of Mehlich Buffer as an Alternative to the Woodruff Buffer for Lime Recommendations in Missouri. Annual Meetings Abstract. ASA, SSSA, CSSA Madison, WI. 4. Nelson, K., Motavalli, P., and M. Nathan Response of No-till Soybean to Timing of Pre-plant and Foliar Potassium applications in a Clay Pan Soil. Annual Meetings Abstract. ASA, SSSA, CSSA. Madison, WI. 5. Nathan, M. V., Mallarino, A., Eliasan, R and R. Miller ICP vs. Colorimetric Determination of Mehlich III Extractable Phosphorus. International Symposium on Soil & Plant Analysis. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 33: Nathan, M. Starbuck, C. and Y. Sun Making recommendations Based on Laboratory Analysis of Compost: Science or Art? Annual Meetings Abstract. ASA, SSSA, CSSA. Madison, Wisconsin. Miscellaneous Publications: 1. Nathan, M., Sun, Y., and D. Dunn Nutrient Removal Values for Major Agronomic Crops in Missouri. In: Missouri Soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update Agronomy Miscellaneous Publ. #07-01, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri. P Nathan, M., Scharf, P. Sun, Y., and D. Dunn Evaluation of Modified Mehlich Tests for Determining Lime Requirement in Missouri Soils ( ). In: Missouri Soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update Agronomy Miscellaneous Publ. #07-01, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri. P Scharf, P., Miles, R., and M. Nathan P and K Fixation by Missouri Soils. In: Missouri Soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update Publ. #07-01, College of agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri. P Nathan, M., Scharf, P. and Y. Sun Evaluating Mehlich III extractants for Available Nutrients for Missouri Soils using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry. In: Missouri soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update Agronomy Miscellaneous Publ. #06-01, College of agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri. P Nathan, M., Scharf, P. and Y. Sun Comparison of Woodruff Buffer and Modified Mehlich buffer Tests for Determining Lime requirement in Missouri Soils. In: Missouri soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update Agronomy Miscellaneous Publ. #06-01, College of agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri. P Nelson, K.A., P.P. Motavalli, and M. Nathan The impact of foliar potassium fertilizer source on crop response and weed control in a no-till weed and feed glyphosate-resistant soybean production system. pp Vol. 21. Proceedings of the 2004 Fluid Forum, Scottsdale, AZ. 7. Nelson, K., P.P. Motavalli, and M. Nathan The impact of foliar potassium fertilizer source on crop response and weed control in a no-till weed and feed glyphosate-resistant soybean production system. pp. 70-

9 Field Day Report of the Greenley Memorial Research Center. University of Missouri, Novelty, Missouri. Extension Presentations and Publications Field Days Presentations: 1. Nathan, M Importance of Submitting Representative Soil and Plant Samples from Golf Courses for Analyses in Golf Course Nutrient Management. Turf Grass Field Day, South Farm, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. July 11, Nathan, M., Wright. S., and R. Heinz Soil Fertility and Nutrient Deficiency in a Drought Year. MU Soil Testing and Plant Diagnostic Services. Huntley Whaley Filed Day Presentation, University of Missouri, Albany, Missouri. Sept 8, Nathan, M., Wright. S., and R. Heinz Services Available at the MU Soil Testing and Plant Diagnostic Laboratories. Greenley Filed Day Poster Presentation, University of Missouri, Novelty, Missouri. August 4, Nathan, M How can the MU Soil & Plant Diagnostic Labs help the turf Industry in meeting the diagnostic needs? and Submitting a good sample for diagnostics. Turf Grass Field Day, South Farm, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. July 13, Nathan, M., Wright. S., and R. Heinz MU Soil Testing and Plant Diagnostic Services Available for Clients. Huntley Whaley Filed Day Poster Presentation, University of Missouri, Albany, Missouri. Sept 8, Nathan, M., Wright. S., and R. Heinz MU Soil Testing and Plant Diagnostic Services Available for Clients. Graves Filed Day Poster Presentation. University of Missouri, Corning, Missouri. Aug. 24, 2004 Program Implementation Experience and In Service Training 1. Nathan, M., Crocker, D, Scharf, P and J. Lory, Soil Test Interpretations and Recommendations and Diagnostic Services. In Service Education Training for Regional Specialists, Agricultural Extension Program, University of Missouri. February 2, Nathan, M Soils, Plant Nutrition, and Soil Testing. Train the Trainers Master Gardner PDE. Oct 16, Workshops, Conferences, Short Courses and Certified Crop Advisor Training: 1. Nathan, M., Rehm. G. Eliason, R., Godsey, C., and D. Mengel Evaluation pf Soil ph Buffers for Determining Lime Requirement in North Central Region. Soil & Plant Analyst Workshop. February 27, Bettendorf, IA. 2. Nathan, M., Soil Testing Fundamentals NRCS Nutrient Management Certification Training, Columbia, MO. March 29, Nathan. M Why Test Soil? Better Lawns and Gardens. Children Gardening Educational Conference. Spink Pavilion, Missouri Botanical Gardens. St. Louis, MO. April 26, Nathan, M., Soil Testing Fundamentals NRCS Nutrient Management Certification Training, Columbia, MO. March 16, 2004 Extension Guides and Fact Sheets: 1. Nathan, M., Steps in Fertilizing Garden Soil: Vegetables and Annual Flowers. Extension Publication G University of Missouri Extension Publications. 2. Nathan, M., J. Stecker, E. Ervin, L. Jett, M. Warmund and P. Scharf Commercial Fruits, Vegetables and Turf Soil Test Interpretations and Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (Electronic Publication). 3. Nathan, M. and B. Freesenberg Soil Testing for Lawns. MU Guide G6954. University of Missouri Extension Publications 4. Nathan, M., Stecker, J., and Y. Sun Soil Testing Guide. University of Missouri Soil Testing Lab Publication. (Electronic Publication). Extension Manuals: 1. Nathan, M Chapters: (i) Soils; (ii) Plant Nutrition; (iii) Soil Testing. In: Master Gardner Core Manual, University of Missouri Extension Publication (in print).

10 2. Nathan, M., Scharf, P., Lory, and D. Crocker Soil Test Interpretations and Recommendations Hand Book. Division of Plant Science Extension, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia. 3. Stevens, G., Motavalli, P., Scharf, P., Nathan, M., and D. Dunn Crop Nutrient Deficiencies & Toxicities. IPM Publication, Plant Protection Programs, MU Extension Publication. IPM 1016

11 Resume of KELLY A. NELSON University of Missouri Greenley Research Center P.O. Box 126, Hwy 156 E Novelty, MO Phone: or Fax: nelsonke@missouri.edu EDUCATION: Ph.D. Weed Science, Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State University, May 2000 M.S. Weed Science, Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State University, May 1997 B.S. Plant Science, Dep. of Agronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, May 1995 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: University of Missouri, Novelty, MO. June, 2000 to present. Research Agronomist and Associate Professor. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. May, 1995 to May, Graduate Research Assistant. Ciba Crop Protection, Lee's Summit, MO. May, 1994 to August, Research Technician. MU Integrated Pest Management, Columbia, MO. May, 1992 to August, Gypsy Moth Trapper. Nelson Family Farm, Skidmore, MO to Farm operator and employee. PUBLICATIONS: Nelson, K.A., P.C. Scharf, W.E. Stevens, and B.A. Burdick Rescue N applications for corn. Agron. J. In review. Nelson, K.A., G.E. Rottinghaus, and T.E. Nelson Effect of lactofen application timing on yield and isoflavone concentration in soybean seed. Agron. J. 99: Nelson, K.A., and P.P. Motavalli Foliar potassium fertilizer sources affect weed control in soybean with glyphosate. Online. Crop Management doi: /cm rs. Fang, M., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, and K.A. Nelson Assessing changes in soil microbial communities and carbon mineralization in Bt and non-bt corn residue-amended soils. Applied Soil Ecology 37: Nelson, K.A Glyphosate application timings in twin- and single-row corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). Weed Technol. 21: Nelson, K.A., W.G. Johnson, J.D. Wait, and R.L. Smoot Winter annual weed management in corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) and the impact on soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) egg population densities. Weed Technol. 20: Donald, W.W., and K.A. Nelson Practical changes to single-boom sprayers for zone herbicide application. Weed Technol. 20: Nelson, K.A., P.P. Motavalli, and M. Nathan Response of no-till soybean to timing of pre-plant and foliar potassium applications in a claypan soil. Agron. J. 97: Mungai, N.W., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, and K.A. Nelson Differences in yields, residue composition, and N mineralization dynamics of Bt and non-bt maize. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 73: Mungai, N.W., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, and K.A. Nelson Spatial variation of soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in temperate alley cropping systems. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 42: Donald, W.W., W.G. Johnson, and K.A. Nelson Zone herbicide application controls annual weeds and reduces residual herbicide use in corn. Weed Sci. 52:

12 Donald, W.W., W.G. Johnson, and K.A. Nelson In-row and between-row interference by corn (Zea mays) modifies annual weed control by postemergence residual herbicides. Weed Technol. 18: Li, J., R.J. Smeda, K.A. Nelson, and F.E. Dayan Mechanism of resistance to diphenyl ether herbicides in waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis). Weed. Sci. 52: Dewell, R.A., W.G. Johnson, K.A. Nelson, J. Li, and J.D. Wait Weed management in no-till, double-crop, glyphosate-resistant soybean grown on claypan soils. Plant Management Network News. Online. Crop Management doi: /cm rs. Nelson, K.A., K. A. Renner, and R. Hammerschmidt Cultivar and herbicide selection affects soybean development and the incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot. Agron. J. 94: Nelson, K.A. and K. A. Renner Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control and tuber production with glyphosate and ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Technol. 16: Nelson, K.A. and K. A. Renner Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control and tuber yield with glyphosate and glufosinate. Weed Technol. 16: Nelson, K.A., K. A. Renner, and R. Hammerschmidt Effects of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth response, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease development, and phytoalexin production by soybean. Weed Technol. 16: Nelson, K.A. and K. A. Renner Glyphosate-resistant and nonresistant soybean growth and development as affected by glyphosate and postemergence herbicide tank mixtures. Agron. J. 93: PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: American Society of Agronomy Crop Science Society of America Weed Science Society of America North Central Weed Science Society of America AWARDS: 2005: Gamma Sigma Delta Outstanding Junior Faculty Award

13 CURRICULUM VITA of ROBERT J. KREMER Microbiologist Phone: USDA-ARS Cropping Systems & Water Quality Research Unit Fax: University of Missouri 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Bldg. Columbia, MO EDUCATION 1981 Ph.D., Soil Microbiology & Biochemistry, Mississippi State University 1975 M.S., Soil Science, University of Missouri 1972 B.S., Agronomy, University of Missouri PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 10/1983-Present Microbiologist, USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems & Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 9/ /1983 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Missouri 6/1981-8/1982 Postdoctoral Fellow, Mississippi State University 7/1977-5/1981 Research Associate, Department of Agronomy, Mississippi State University 1/1976-6/1977 Microbiologist, Research Seeds, Inc., St. Joseph, MO 9/ /1975 Grad. Research Asst., Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri 9/1972-9/1974 Medical Specialist, U.S. Army, Fort Detrick, MD PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) / American Society of Agronomy (ASA) International Soil Science Union / European Society of Agronomy American Society for Microbiology Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) / North Central Weed Science Society (NCWSS) International Weed Science Society Soil Ecology Society Soil & Water Conservation Society PROFESSIONAL SERVICE Chairman, WSSA Biological Control of Weeds Committee Member, WSSA Liaison Committee (WSSA representative to Technical Advisory Group on Introduction of Agents for Biological Control of Weeds), Associate Editor, Weed Science Associate Editor, Weed Technology 2002-present Member, WSSA Publications Board 2002-present WSSA Abstracts Editor 2003-present Member, WSSA Environmental Quality Committee Program Chairman, WSSA Environmental Quality Section Member, Reviews of Weed Science Committee, WSSA Member, Legislative Information Committee, NCWSS Member, Fellow Nominating Committee, NCWSS, 1996-present Editorial Board, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Member, Membership Committee & Missouri State Chair, ASA 2000-present Member, Soil Quality Working Group, SSSA/ASA Member, SSSA Emil Truog Award Committee Member, Glossary of Soil Science Terms Committee, SSSA 2002 Co-organizer, SSSA/ASA Symposium on Effects of Transgenic Crops on Soil Biological Processes AWARDS AND HONORS

14 2007 Fellow, Weed Science Society of America 2003 Fellow, American Society of Agronomy 1999 Distinguished Research Achievement Award, NCWSS 1993 & 2005 Distinguished Service Award, USDA-ARS 1990 Outstanding Paper in Weed Technology, Weed Science Society of America 1980 Inducted into Sigma Xi Honor Society 1974 Commendation Medal, U.S. Army 1972 Certified Soil Scientist, Soil Science Society of America TEACHING EXPERIENCE Co-instructor, Advanced Weed Science, University of Missouri Co-instructor, Crop & Soil Science Seminar, University of Missouri 1986, 1991, 1994 Instructor, Environmental Soil Microbiology, University of Missouri SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (last 3 years) Fang, M., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, K.A. Nelson Assessing changes in soil microbial communities and carbon mineralization in Bt and non-bt corn residue-amended soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: Means, N.E. and R.J. Kremer Influence of soil moisture on root colonization of glyphosate-treated soybean by Fusarium species. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 38: Means, N.E., R.J. Kremer, C. Ramsier Effects of glyphosate and foliar amendments on activity of microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere. J. Environ. Sci. Health B42: Kremer, R.J., A.J. Caesar, and T. Souissi Soilborne microorganisms of Euphorbia are potential biological control agents of invasive weed leafy spurge. Appl. Soil Ecol. 32: Li, J., and R.J. Kremer Growth response of weed and crop seedlings to deleterious rhizobacteria. Biol. Contr. 39: Pengthamkeerati, P., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, and S.H. Anderson Soil compaction and poultry litter effects on factors affecting nitrogen availability in a claypan soil. Soil Till. Res. 91: Kremer, R.J Deleterious rhizobacteria. Pp in Gnanamanickam, S.S. (ed.) Plant-associated Bacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. (Book chapter) Kremer, R.J Applications of soil and rhizosphere microorganisms in sustainable weed management. Pp in H.P. Singh, D.R. Batish, and R.K. Kohli (eds.) Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management. The Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY. (Book Chapter) Mungai, N.W., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer Soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in temperate alley cropping systems. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 37: Kremer, R.J The role of bioherbicides in weed management. Biopest. Internat. 1: Kremer, R.J., N.E. Means, and S-J. Kim Glyphosate affects soybean root exudation and rhizosphere microorganisms. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 85: Kim, S-J. and R.J. Kremer Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of root colonization of Ipomoea seedlings by rhizobacteria. Symbiosis 39: Fang, M., R.J. Kremer, P.P. Motavalli, and G. Davis Bacterial diversity in rhizospheres of non-transgenic and transgenic corn. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:

15 Means, N.E., C.J. Starbuck, R.J. Kremer, and L. Jett Effects of a food-waste-based soil conditioner on soil properties and plant growth. Compost Sci. Utilizat. 13: Mungai, N.W., Motavalli, P.P., Kremer, R.J., and K.A. Nelson Spatial variation of soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in temperate alley cropping systems. Biol. Fert. Soils 42: Mungai, N.W., P.P. Motavalli, K.A. Nelson, and R.J. Kremer Differences in yields, residue composition and N mineralization dynamics of Bt and non-bt maize. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 73: Jung, W-K., N.R. Kitchen, K.A. Sudduth, R.J. Kremer, and P.P. Motavalli Claypan soil quality indicators can be characterized using apparent soil electrical conductivity. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: Lerch, R.N., N.R. Kitchen, R.J. Kremer, W.W. Donald, E.E. Alberts, E.J. Sadler, K.A. Sudduth, D.B. Myers, and F. Ghidey Development of a conservation-oriented precision agriculture system: Water and soil quality assessment. J. Soil Water Conservat. 60: Pengthamkeerati, P., P.P. Motavalli, R.J. Kremer, and S.H. Anderson Soil carbon efflux from a claypan soil affected by surface compaction and applications of poultry litter. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 109:75-86.