Tillage Systems to Sustain Soil and Yield in Continuous Corn. Tony J. Vyn & Graduate Students, T.D. West, Colleagues, & Farmers
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1 Tillage Systems to Sustain Soil and Yield in Continuous Corn Tony J. Vyn & Graduate Students, T.D. West, Colleagues, & Farmers
2 Does ethanol really change the conservation tillage decisions for corn production? Picture courtesy of B. Moebius, Cornell University, 2007
3 Tillage Choices for Corn after Soybean versus Corn after Corn? Photo credit: Greg Stewart
4 Answer: Depends on Soil Type, Erosion Risk, Technology Adoption and Crop Management Picture courtesy of Jeff Vetsch, Univ. of Minnesota
5 What Kind of Corn-Dominant Rotation? Continuous Corn Soybean-Corn-Corn Soybean-Corn-Corn-Corn Soybean-Corn-Corn-Soybean-Corn Soybean-Wheat-Corn-Corn-Corn Alfalfa-Alfalfa-Alfalfa-Corn-Corn-Corn
6 Triplett - Van Doren Tillage and Rotation Plots in Ohio Hoytville Wooster Western Coshocton
7 Corn Yield Response to Rotation/Tillage (Wooster, OH; ) 220 Plow No-Till % 9%++ 14% 15% CM CS CC CM CS CC Source: Dr. Warren Dick, OSU
8 Wooster Site Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) Plow No tillage Source: Dr. Warren Dick, OSU
9 Tillage Effects on Organic C (Wooster) from 1962 to No-Till Plow Till Wooster Organic Carbon in Soil (g kg -1 ) Source: Dr. Warren Dick, OSU Soil Core Sampling Year
10 Corn Yield Response to Rotation/Tillage (Hoytville, OH; ) Plow No-Till % 22% 11% -2% 160 5% 13% 17% 0% CM CS CC CM CS CC Source: Warren Dick, OSU
11 Tillage Effects on Organic C (Hoytville) (1980 to 2005) Hoytville (41 years) Source: Dr. Warren Dick, OSU
12 Long-term Rotation and Tillage Plots Silty clay loam, W. Lafayette, IN
13 Corn Yield Response to Tillage and Rotation, Silty Clay Loam, W. Lafayette, IN, Plow Chisel No-Till 4% 7%18% 2% 4%15% % 13% 13% 11% C-S CC C-S CC
14 Long-term Tillage Effects on Soil Organic Matter ( , West Lafayette, IN) 0 to 2" Soil Depth (in) 2 to 6" 6 to 12" 12 to 20" 20-30" No-till Plow 30-40" Organic Matter (%) Source: Gál, Vyn et al., 2007, Soil Tillage Research
15 Long-term Tillage and Rotation Effects on Total Soil Carbon to 40 depth ( ) Soybean-Corn Continuous Corn No-till Plow Mean Soil Organic C (tonnes/ha) Source: Gàl, Vyn et al., 2007, Soil Tillage Research
16 Continuous versus Short-term No-till Influence on Soil Carbon Weight Soil C Mass (t/ha) No-till 24 yr Plow 17 + NT 7 Plow 17 + Ch. 7 Chisel 24 yr a ab ab b 0 Tillage System Source: Omonode, Gál, Stott, Abney & Vyn* 2006, SSSAJ 70:
17 Strip Tillage for Corn after Corn?
18 Strip-Till Corn after Corn Split the middle w/o guidance Source: Norm Larson, Elburn Co-op, IL
19 Questions about Corn Stover Removal Feasibility for ethanol production? Effects on soil properties? Pictures from Dr. Stuart Birrell, Ag and Biological Engineering, Iowa State
20 Corn Yield Response to Residue Removal in Corn after Corn J. Coulter and E. Nafziger, Univ. of Illinois, ( ) Across 5 Mollisol environments in Illinois P 0.1 NS a a Chisel No-till Yield (bu/ac) 200 b All Half None b Across 2 Alfisol environments in Illinois Residue removed Yield (bu/ac) P 0.1 a b NS b a Chisel No-till All Half None Residue Removed
21 The rotation effect lasts two years increasing corn grain yield 19% for 1C and 7% for 2C Source: Source: Lauer, Lauer, unpublished unpublished
22 Corn Yield Response to Tillage After 5 Years of Soybean (Arlington, WI; 1987 to 2006; Control Treatments) Grain Yield (bushels/acre) Corn Yield Response Following Five Years of Soybean Conventional tillage No tillage Control treatments during at Arlington WI % 1% 5% 9% 9% 9% 12% A A A A B C BC DE BC D BC DE C E % 0% A B C C 100 Source: Source: Lauer, Lauer, unpublished unpublished Cropping Sequence C= Corn, S= Soybean, Number = consecutive year of corn CS 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C Cont
23 Management Issues Include Automatic Guidance, Fertility, Prior Compaction, and Seed Row Uniformity
24 Row Position in No-Till Continuous Corn
25 Corn Yield Response to Tillage and Rotation, Sebewa Loam soil, Wanatah, IN ( ) % 10% 13% Corn after Soy Cont. Corn Fall Chisel Fall Disk No-Till
26 Average Maximum Soil Temperatures in First 4 Weeks after Planting ( ) Wanatah, IN on Loam Soil Degrees F Corn after soybean Continuous Corn Fall chisel, disk, field cultivate No-till
27 What do Average Heights Tell us?
28 Uniformity More Difficult to Achieve in Corn after Corn
29 No-Till Chisel Plow
30 Grain Yield Response of No-till Continuous Corn vs. Plow + No-till Rotation Corn ( ) Boomsma and Vyn, 2007 (Purdue AY 329-W)
31 Tony s Top Five for Conservation-till Corn after Corn 1. Be realistic about costs before switching to 2 nd - year Corn or Continuous Corn. Rotation advantage very tillage & soil dependent, and may decline with time in corn-soybean rotations. 2. Pick your best drained and most productive fields. 3. Consider strip tillage as an alternative to no-till or conventional tillage. 4. Optimize conservation-till corn performance with superior management (e.g. hybrids, fertilizer rate and placement, pest control). 5. Aim for plant-to-plant uniformity in the row.
32 Acknowledgments Funding: USDA-CASMGS Purdue University (Mary S. Rice & Mission Oriented Funds) Foundation for Agronomic Research (PPI or IPNI) Fluid Fertilizer Foundation John Deere & Co. Equipment: John Deere Cropping Systems Unit Case-DMI (Goodfield, IL) Remlinger (Kalida, OH) Seed: Pioneer Hi-Bred, Int. Beck s Hybrids
33 Thanks! home page: //
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