PUBLIC PERCEPTION TOWARDS GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS AND FOODS IN KENYA
|
|
- Leslie Todd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PUBLIC PERCEPTION TOWARDS GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS AND FOODS IN KENYA Shauri, S. H. (PhD), Njoka F. M. (PhD) and Anunda H. N. Contacts ABSTRACT The broad objective of the study was to assess public perception towards Genetically Modified (GM) Crops and Foods in Kenya. The specific objectives were to find out the influence of background factors and Agro-ecological zones on the public perception towards GMCs and Foods in the country. A survey was carried out in Kenya covering all the 8 provinces between November 2007 and June 2008, targeting adult civilian population (aged 18+ years). The researchers set out to attain a sample size of 700 subjects so as to achieve a sampling error rate of +3.7%. Accordingly, four clusters comprising of general consumers, farmers, academicians, and resource persons were selected for the study. Efforts were made to ensure that the sample drawn was representative of the Kenyan population through Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, Convenient and Snowball Sampling as was appropriate. Data was collected using self administered questionnaires. Specifically, the survey instrument was designed to gather information on the participants background, ecological zones and perception towards GMCs and foods. Overall, well over one half (58%) of the respondents had positive perceptions towards GMCs and foods. Further, results of the study indicated that positive perception towards GMCs and foods was significantly related not only to the participant s demographics but also to their Agroecological zones. Findings of the study suggest the need for a well designed and effective program to create awareness and educate the public about various issues relating to GMCs and foods. Various stakeholder such as the government, scientists, Non Governmental Organizations and the private sector need to communicate proactively with the public, especially women, elderly people etc, with complete and accurate information about GMCs and Foods. Key words: Biotechnology, genetic engineering, genetically modified crops, Kenya, perceptions.
2 Public Perception towards Genetically Modified Crops and Foods in Kenya 1.1. Introduction A large number of Genetically Modified Crops (GMCs) and Foods have been developed to address hunger and malnutrition through out the world. These includes maize and cotton cultivars modified with the Bacillus thuringiensis gene for insect resistance (FAO, 2008), herbicide tolerant canola and soybean (FAO, 2008 and Rowe 2004), and Golden rice that has increased Vitamin A content (Bonny, 2003 and Hoban 2002). However, persistent controversy and claims that these products may be wanting and harmful to human life and the environment have created considerable concerns. In this respect, public perception towards Biotechnology/Genetic Engineering/Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) has been thoroughly investigated in industrialized countries (Loureiro et al 2005, Fischhoff et al 2001 and Eurobarometer 2002 and 2008). Apparently, not much is known about public perception towards GM technology in developing countries. Most people in developing countries are hardly informed about GMOs and probably more concerned about risks in everyday life rather than potential long-term hazards of the new Biotechnology. The few countries, in the developing world such as South Africa, that have chosen to embrace the technology have welcomed the benefits it has offered. This research study was aimed at extending the knowledge base that currently exists in the field of GM technology in Kenya, which is still in its infancy stage. It was expected that the findings of this study would impact positively on current debate and policy direction regarding the future development of transgenic crops and foods in Kenya. This research also aimed at expanding the general knowledge of GM crops and foods and their perception in Kenya. It was also anticipated that conclusions and recommendations of this research would complement other works done on GMCs and foods. Notably, however, a rich body of literature regarding consumer perception towards Genetic 2
3 Modification has emerged in recent years. The present study, therefore, contributes to the existing framework of knowledge by extending the understanding of how risk/benefit perceptions differ across Agro-ecological regions, age groups, level of education attained and gender. This knowledge will aid government agencies in developing new or revising existing crop and food policies as they make more informed and effective decisions on Genetic Engineering and agriculture Statement of the Problem Problems of drought, famine and climate change are real and widespread in developing countries begetting hunger and malnutrition. Indeed, millions of people are food insecure due to famine, draught, pests and climate change. Accordingly, these myriad predicaments lead to poor crop harvests placing the country and region in a situation of food insecurity. More precisely, most people, especially in sub-saharan Africa, depend on food aid to survive. More so, poverty levels are endemic affecting majority of the population. This further compounds the food crisis situation in the region. Apparently, various strategies have been put in place to mitigate food insecurity, among them GMCs and foods. The implementation of the latter strategy has been controversial in many countries, with two camps, one supporting and the other opposing Genetic Engineering. Notably, public perception of Biotechnology/Genetically Modified Organisms has been thoroughly studied in industrialized countries. However, little is known about the public perception towards GMCs and foods in developing countries such as Kenya. In addition, factors influencing public perception towards GMCs and foods have remained equivocal. Time seemed appropriate for this study to understand public perception towards GMCs and foods and the factors determining such perceptions. 3
4 1.3. Objectives The broad objective of the study was to assess public perception towards GMC and foods in Kenya. The specific objectives were first, to find out the influence of background factors on the perception of GMCs and foods in Kenya and two, was to establish the influence of Agro-ecological zones on the perception towards GMCs and foods in Kenya Research Questions This research was guided by three key research questions: (a) What is the public perception towards GMCs and foods in Kenya (b) Why is it that some people have a positive perception towards GMCs and foods while others do not? (c) How does Agro-ecological zone influence public perception towards GMCs and foods in Kenya 1.5. Methodology This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to generate both qualitative and quantitative data. Participants (n=700) were drawn from the country s 8 provinces using a combination of both probability and non probability sampling techniques. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires with questions on individual s background information, participants awareness, knowledge and perceptions regarding Genetically Modified Crops and Foods Inclusion Criteria Adult Kenyans (aged 18 years); literate and aware of GMOs were sampled. For convenience of analysis, the respondents were divided into 4 clusters. Cluster one, consisted of consumers including participants from NGOs, religious organizations, businessmen, government departments and agents. Cluster two, comprised of farmers sampled from the 3 Agro-ecological 4
5 zones namely High potential zone (including Central, parts of Eastern, Rift Valley, some parts of Nyanza and Western Provinces); Medium potential zones (most of Eastern, Coast, Rift Valley Provinces and North Nyanza); Low potential zone (Some parts of North Eastern, parts of Eastern and Rift Valley Province). Cluster three, was constituted of representatives from the country s academia (University students, lecturers and other middle level scholars). Cluster four, was comprised of resources persons/scientists from the academia, government and private research institutions. It also included representatives from producer organizations knowledgeable in GM work for scientific and technological input Significance of the Study This study was significant in three respects. First, with thousands of the world s poor dying from starvation, many desperate voices are calling on richer countries to use genetic science to wage a war on famine (FAO, 2004). Despite this enthusiasm, there are several factors which stand between the acceptance and rejection of this new technology. Taking this into consideration, it became necessary to ask Kenyans what they felt about the new technology in a bid to fill this gap in knowledge. Second, this research was significant to the domain of GM crop debate and policy makers as it was aimed at extending the knowledge base that currently exists in this field in the country since GE technology is new to most Kenyans. The few countries in the developing world that have chosen to embrace the technology have welcomed its benefits. It was expected that the findings of this study would have the capacity to impact positively to policy makers in the country for the future development of transgenic crops and foods. Finally, this research was also poised to expand the general knowledge of GMCs and Kenyan s perception towards them for further research. 5
6 1.8. Study Findings 1.8.1: Gender and Perception towards GMCs and Foods Consumers personal attributes may have significant influence on their views about various Genetic Modification issues. Although there is broad support for plant Biotechnology for health benefits, opinion differs on the issue of animal genetics for pure economic benefit (Hoban, 2002). This study examined the influence of gender on perception towards GMCs and foods. Findings of the study are contained in Table 1. Table 1: Respondents Gender and Perception towards GM Crops and Foods Perceptions Gender Male (%) Female (%) Average Positive (58%) Negative (23%) Neutral (19%) Total (100%) From Table 1, it is clear that well over one half (58%) of the total sample had a positive perception towards Genetic Modification. More specifically, the favourable perception towards GMCs and foods were reported by over three fifths (68%) of males and over two fifths (47%) of the female participants. Table 1 also reveals that less than one fifth (17%) of the males and over two fifths (29%) of the female participants respectively had negative perception towards GMCs and foods. However, only an average of less than one fifth (19%) of the respondents were undecided, of whom, 24% were females and 15% males. A further analysis of gender perception (negative or positive) towards Genetic Engineering 6
7 of Crops and Foods using Chi-square statistic was done. To prevent type 1 error Yates s correction (-0.5) was applied; with (d.f. =1, X 2 at 0.05 level of confidence =3.841, the calculated X 2 =13.46). This study concluded that there was a significant relationship (X 2 = 13.46) between gender and perception towards GMCs and foods. These results suggest that a significant divergence exists between men and women regarding their opinions about GMCs and foods. Kendal s tau-c is an appropriate measure of association, for this test, based on the number of concordant and discordant pairs, and with correction for ties, Kendal s tau-c also was used to indicate the direction of the relationship, as it assumes values between -1 and +1, and a value of 0 denotes a complete absence of an association, while -1 denotes a perfect decreasing relationship and +1 a perfect increasing relationship. In this test, the value of Kendal s tau-c was found to be implying a weak positive association between gender and perception towards GMCs and foods : Age and Perception towards GMCs and Foods The study also examined how age of the respondents affected perception towards GE of Crops and Foods. Public perceptions of GE have multiple dimensions and are likely to be influenced by multiple forces, preferences and events (Barker, 2001). Similarly, an individual s age is likely to affect their perception towards GE and hence acceptance or rejection of GM food products (Kim, 2001). Table 2 shows that young respondents (18-26 years) had a positive perception (65%), towards GMCs and foods, compared to those in the age bracket of between years (57%) and 51% for those aged 56 (+) years. The results indicate that the more advanced in age an individual becomes the more negative their perception towards GMCs and foods. 7
8 Table 2: Age and Perception towards GMCs and Foods Perception Age in Years (%) Average Positive (58%) Negative (23%) Neutral (19%) Total (100%) Further, Chi-square statistic was computed to test the relationship between the age of the respondents and their perception towards GMCs and foods. The analysis yielded a Chi-square test value (X 2 = at 2 d.f, level of confidence = 0.05, tabulated X 2 = 3.842). This showed that a significant relationship existed between age of respondents and their perception towards GMCs and foods. To test the strength of the association between age and perception towards GMCs and foods, Kruskal s Gamma statistic was done. This test was used because it is suitable to computations of the same coefficient value regardless of which is the independent variable and its values differ from -1 to +1 (the variables computed Gamma value was = _ 0.210). This signifies a weak negative association between age and perception towards GMCs and foods : Education Level and Perception towards GMCs and Foods Both opponents and proponents of Genetic Engineering (GE) argue that their goal is to educate the public so that they can make informed decision with regard to GMCs and foods. While opponents focus on educating people about the risks of GE, proponents focus on their benefits. Yet, if we consider education as an objective, neither group has been decidedly successful. It is 8
9 against this background that the present study hypothesized that public perception towards GMCs and foods may be influenced by an individual s level of education. Table 3 aptly summarizes the study results. Table 3: Education Level and Perception towards GMCs and Foods Perception Level of Education (%) Primary Secondary Tertiary Average Positive (58%) Negative (23%) Neutral (19%) Total (100%) It is clearly shown in Table 3 that well over four fifths (83%) of the respondents who had tertiary level of education had positive perception towards GE of Crops and Foods, followed by those with secondary (57%) and primary (33%) levels of education. However, it is also evident in Table 3 that there were more (39%) participants with negative perception towards GMCs and foods among those with primary level of education compared to 28% and 4% for secondary and tertiary levels respectively. Overall, over one half (58%) of the respondents had favourable perception towards GMCs and foods. Further, the Chi-square test at 2 d.f. and 0.05 level of confidence, yielded a test value of X 2 = 42, indicating a very significant relationship between level of education and perception towards GMCs and foods. To determine the strength of the association, Cramer s V statistic was performed. Cramer s V is a measure of association with values ranging from 0, for no association, to 1, for perfect positive association. The calculated value of Cramer s V was 0.73, which is close 9
10 to 1. This finding indicates a very strong relationship between the level of education of the respondent and perception towards GE of Crops and foods : Agro-ecological Zones and Perception towards GMCs and Foods It was assumed in this study that public perceptual differences on GMCs and foods may depend significantly on an individual s geographical area of residence. Compared with their more urban compatriots, members of the public in less developed areas may have more optimistic attitudes, perceive more benefits and are more risk tolerant in relation to GM foods and agricultural Biotechnology. This study collected data on farmers perception towards GMCs and foods from 3 Agro-ecological zones in the country namely high potential, medium potential and low potential zones, herein labeled as HZ, MZ and LZ respectively. Analysis of the responses from the three Agro-ecological regions is shown in Table 4 Table 4: Agro-ecological Zones and Perception towards GMCs and Foods Agro-ecological Zones Positive Negative Neutral Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % HZ (High potential) MZ (Medium Potential) LZ (Low Potential) Results in Table 4 indicate that farmers in high potential zone (areas with high rainfall and fertile soils) had negative perception towards GMCs and foods than those from medium potential and low potential zone (arid/semi arid areas with poor rainfall and soils). This may be explained by the fact that farmers in high potential regions usually have enough food because they receive reliable rainfall, rarely experience famine and hence are less likely to see the need for 10
11 GMCs and foods compared to farmers in arid and semi arid zone, who usually depend on food aid due to massive crop failure and rampant food insecurity. The relationship between Agro-ecological zone and perception towards GMCs and foods was found to be statistically significant (6.98) using Chi-square statistic at 2 d.f, and 0.05 level of confidence over the tabulated value of X 2 of This means that the perception of farmers towards GMCs and foods is not independent of their Agro-ecological zones. Further, to determine the strength of the association between Agro-ecological zone and the perception of farmers towards GMCs and foods, Kendall s tau C was performed (Tau C = (P + Q)* 2M/N 2 (M-1). The calculated tau C was = 0.67, clearly indicating a strong association between a farmer s Agro-ecological zone and their perception towards GMCs and foods Discussion of the Study Findings This section presents a discussion of four major findings of the study. First, it was found out that there was a significant relationship (X 2 = 13.46) between gender and perception towards GMCs and foods. The results suggested a significant divergence in perception towards GMCs and foods between males and females. These findings were attributed to differential access to science information and knowledge between males and females characteristic of developing countries such as Kenya. Apparently, these findings were not surprising as they corroborated those of Hoban s (2004) and IFIC (2002) studies which showed that men have positive attitudes towards science and technology than women. Further, it is evident from other studies that females, particularly from developing countries, are generally less interested, less knowledgeable and less supportive of science and technology than their male counterparts (Hossain et al, 2002 and Second, Chi-square statistic (X 2 =14.36) showed that age was significantly related to perception towards GMCs and foods. Further, Kruskal s Gamma statistic ( ) showed that an 11
12 increase in age leads to negative perception towards GMCs and foods. The explanation here was that the youth are more positive to science and new technologies, including GE, than the elderly. Additionally, perceived levels of risk by the younger respondents may be lower due to their trust in government institutions, positive perceptions of science and positive media influence. This is contrary to the lower benefits and higher perceived risks among the elderly population and hence the rationale for low or non-acceptance of GMCs and foods by this category of people. Third, it is clear from the findings of the study that over one half (58%) of the respondents had a positive perception towards GMCs and foods. Indeed, the Chi-square value (X 2 =42) suggested a very significant association between level of education and perception towards GMCs and foods. More so, the calculated value of Cramer s V (0.73) signified a very strong relationship between level of education and perception towards GMCs and foods. Thus, the study findings suggested that more educated individuals had a positive perception towards GMCs and foods. The differential acceptance of GE crops and foods based on respondent s level of education can be attributed to the different ways in which those with high and low levels of education access and process information regarding GMCs and foods. Imperatively, educated individuals are more likely to easily access and carefully weigh potential risks and benefits of GMCs and foods compared to the less educated. The latter may be basing their GE perceptions on sound bites they hear on Television, at work or through opinion formers/endorsers in the society, corroborating Wohl, 1998 findings. Similarly, these findings are very consistent with those of Moon s (2001); who found out that public acceptance of GE products was significantly related not only to their perception of risks and benefits, but also to the level of an individual s education or knowledge. The implication here is that level of education is associated with perception towards GMCs and foods or to science and technology ( 2008). 12
13 Finally, Chi-square test (6.98) revealed a very significant relationship between agro-ecological zone and perception towards GMCs and foods. The association between the two variables was also found to be very strong with a Kendall s tau C of The positive perception towards GMCs and foods by farmers from low and medium potential regions could have stemmed from more urgent need for adequate and nutritious diet. More so, people in these areas are food insecure and any attempt to improve their food security situation is likely to be accepted compared to people in high Agro-ecological zones where most people are food secure Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations Five key findings regarding public perception towards GMCs and foods are reported in this paper. First, that an individual s gender is significantly related to perception towards GMCs and foods. The implication here is that men have a positive perception towards GMCs and foods than their female counterparts. It is within the confines of this finding that we recommend that public awareness and education on GMCs and foods by the various stakeholders such as the government, research institutions, NGOs and the private sector should target females more than men. In this regard, the language used and the packaging of information should be done in such away to be sensitive and appealing to women, who are the prime target. Second, it was evident in this study that age and perception towards GMCs and foods were statistically related. Younger people were more receptive to GMCs and foods than the elderly. The implication here was that there exist hope in the adoption of GMCs and foods in Kenya given that most young people, who constitute the majority of the Kenyan population, had a positive perception towards GMCs and foods. Accordingly, it is recommended that awareness and education should focus more on the elderly population than the youth to support GMCs and foods as a strategy to enhance food security in the country. Third, findings of the study revealed that level of education was significantly related to 13
14 perception towards GMCs and foods. That is the higher the level of education the more positive the perception towards GMCs and foods. This suggests that those with low levels of education are the opponents of the introduction of GMCs and foods in the country. In this regard, it is recommended that more awareness and information be availed to those with low levels of education. This will enhance their knowledge on the benefits and risks of GMCs and foods engendering them firmly in the realm of those who are making informed decisions in support of GMCs and foods in the country and elsewhere. Fourth, Agro-ecological zones and perception towards GMCs and foods were found to be significantly associated. The findings indicated that those from low and medium Agro-ecological zones had favourable perception towards GMCs and foods than their counterparts from high Agroecological regions of the country. It was therefore recommended that GMCs and foods introduction in the country should be started in the low and medium Agro-ecological zones of the country. The low and medium Agro-ecological zones should be the priority areas because the farmers are positive about GMCs and foods. In fact, this is a perfect example of the last first in the introduction of GE technology that has not been achieved in many rural development initiatives. If this is implemented, it is envisioned that GMCs and foods will be accepted and more critical is that this will enhance food security in these areas and the country in general. Finally, there is need for more research on public perception towards GE and health, environment, social and ethical considerations. Such research will ensure that more information is available regarding the way the Kenyan public perceives the contribution of GE to the various sectors of the economy. Knowledge of public perception towards GE is therefore likely to enhance the way the public will embrace GE for socio-economic development Acknowledgement The authors of this paper acknowledge the support of all the sponsors and respondents 14
15 countrywide, particularly: students and staff of Kenyatta University, Egerton University and St. Paul s College; personnel/staff from Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), resource persons/scientists, businessmen, consumers and farmers who provided information upon which this research and paper are based References Baker, G. A. and Burnham, T. A. (2001): Consumer Response to Genetically Modified Foods: Market Segment Analysis and Implications for Producers and Policy Makers. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 26 (2): Bonny, S. (2003): Why are most Europeans Opposed to GMOs? Factors Explaining Rejection in France and Europe. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology Eurobarometer (2002): Europeans and Biotechnology in 2002.Eurobarometer France. Available online, cited 4/5/ FAO (2008): Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the needs of the poor. The State of Food and Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome. Fischhoff, B. and I. Fischhoff (2001): Publics Opinion about Biotechnologies. Agbio Forum, 4: Hoban, T.J. (2002): Public Perceptions and Understanding of Agricultural Biotechnology. Cereals Foods World, 43 (1):20-22 Hossain, F. B. Onyango, A. Adelaja, B. Schilling, and W. Hallman (2002): Consumer Acceptance of Food Biotechnology: Willingness to Buy Genetically Modified Food Products. Food Policy Institute Working Paper WP International Food Information Centre (IFIC) (2001, 2002): U.S Consumer Attitudes toward Food Biotechnology; Available online, Cited 5/5/ Kim, G.M. (2001): From Protoplasm to Swarmer: Regeneration of Genes. Journal of Phycology; 38 15
16 (1). 34. Loureiro, M.L. and M. Bugbee (2005): Enhanced GM Foods: Are Consumers Ready To Pay for the Potential Benefits of Biotechnology? Journal of Consumer Affairs 39 (1):52-70 Moon, W. and S.K Balasubramanian (2004): Public Attitude towards Agro-biotechnology: The Modulating Role of Risk Perceptions on the Impact of Trust, Awareness and Outrage. Review of Agricultural Economics, 26. (2): Rowe, G.H. (2004): How can genetically modified foods be made publicly acceptable? Trends in Biotechnology, 22 (3): Wohl, J. B. (1998). Consumers decision - making and risk perceptions regarding foods produced with biotechnology. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21:
Papaya is a tropical fruit that plays an important role
Biotechnology April 2007 BIO-7 Attitudes of Hawai i Consumers Toward Genetically Modified Fruit Sabry Shehata 1 and Linda J. Cox 2 1 College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University
More informationKey words: non-gm foods; risk and benefit perception; willingness-to-pay.
AgBioForum Volume 4, Number 3&4 2001 Pages 221-231 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AND WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY A PREMIUM FOR NON-GM FOODS IN THE US AND UK Wanki Moon & Siva K. Balasubramanian 1 This study uses consumer
More informationPublic Perceptions of Biotechnology and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food
Public Perceptions of Biotechnology and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food Ferdaus Hossain, Benjamin Onyango, Brian Schilling, and William Hallman Public debate on biotechnology is embroiled in controversy
More informationPanel Discussion at the 146 th FAO Council Side Event on:
Panel Discussion at the 146 th FAO Council Side Event on: New Unified Approaches to end Hunger in Africa: Promoting Food Security and Nutrition 22 April, 2013, FAO - Rome Aseffa Abreha At the 146 th Session
More informationWorking Paper. Public Perceptions of Biotechnology and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food
Working Paper Public Perceptions of Biotechnology and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food Ferdaus Hossain Benjamin Onyango Adesoji Adelaja Brian Schilling William Hallman Food Policy Institute ASB
More informationThe Role of Technology in Enhancing Livelihood Support Options
The Role of Technology in Enhancing Livelihood Support Options Kennedy Onyango Director - Community Initiatives and Social Support Organization (CISSO) cisso@africamail.com BACKGROUND OF THE PAPER: Achieving
More informationCROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY
CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY Background Different scientists have defined the term biotechnology. These definitions reflect the particular perspective of the scientists.
More informationGlobal Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2002 Feature: Bt Maize
I S A A A INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2002 Feature: Bt Maize by Clive James Chair, ISAAA Board
More informationAnalysis of the Key Challenges Facing Potato Farmers in Oljoro-Orok Division, Kenya
Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 5, 834-838 Published Online August 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/as http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.510088 Analysis of the Key Challenges Facing Potato Farmers
More informationGuidelines for identifying and designing planned comparisons
Guidelines for identifying and designing planned comparisons Developing value chain innovation platforms to improve food security in East and Southern Africa (VIP4FS) Project (FST/2014/093) November 2016
More informationAwareness and Acceptance of Biotechnology Issues among Youth, Undergraduates, and Adults. Awareness
AgBioForum, 6(4): 178-184. 2003 AgBioForum. Awareness and Acceptance of Biotechnology Issues among,, and Adults Susan Fritz and Dann Husmann University of Nebraska-Lincoln Gary Wingenbach and Tracy Rutherford
More informationVideo. Growing disparities in incomes among regions. A Degenerating Circle: Poverty, Environment & Economy. Are you able to Apply the Following:
Managing Biological Resources & Environmental Equality The Business of Hunger Now playing: Kurt Bestor, Sam Cardon Prayer of the Children A man who has bread has many problems, a man without bread has
More informationGenetically Modified Organisms Survey Results For Aggregated Northland Area
Genetically Modified Organisms Survey Results For Aggregated Northland Area November 2009 Summary of Results for Aggregated Northland Area (1) 74% of residents favour their local Council having a role
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SECURITY
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SECURITY JHILL JOHNS GMASSURE Biosafety Capacity Building Initiative in SADC, Namibia, 17-21 November 2014 Department: Science and Technology REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA OUTLINE 1.
More informationSTUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: genes DNA genetically-modified
STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: NOTE-TAKING COLUMN: Complete this section during the video. Include definitions and key terms. genes DNA genetically-modified seeds Monsanto How long have humans
More informationAgricultural Researchers Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria
Agricultural Researchers Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria T. O. A. Banmeke (Corresponding author), E. O. Fakoya & I. F. Ayanda Department of Agricultural Extension
More informationAgricultural Development. Dana Boggess Program Officer, Agricultural Development December 18, 2012
Agricultural Development Dana Boggess Program Officer, Agricultural Development December 18, 2012 Why Agriculture? 75% of world s the poor live in rural areas and the majority depend on agriculture for
More informationVariety for security: A case study of agricultural, nutritional and dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya
Variety for security: A case study of agricultural, nutritional and dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya Mary Kanui PhD Candidate School of Geography & the Environment University
More informationWisconsin Briefs. from the Legislative Reference Bureau GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS. Brief December 2012
Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau Wisconsin Briefs from the Legislative Reference Bureau Brief 12-10 December 2012 GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS INTRODUCTION The development of genetically modified (GM)
More informationFact sheet: Mauritania - Women, agriculture and rural development
Fact sheet: Mauritania - Women, agriculture and rural development Population: 2.1 million Growth rate: 2.7 % Fertility rate: 6.8 IMR: 117/1000 births GNP/head: US$ 530 Source: World Bank Atlas, 1994. Contents
More informationWorking Paper. Ferdaus Hossain Benjamin Onyango Adesoji Adelaja Brian Schilling William Hallman
Working Paper Uncovering Factors Influencing Public Perceptions of Food Biotechnology Ferdaus Hossain Benjamin Onyango Adesoji Adelaja Brian Schilling William Hallman Food Policy Institute ASB III, 3 Rutgers
More informationAnimal Biotechnology: Where to from here
Animal Biotechnology: Where to from here Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics University of California, Davis alvaneenennaam@ucdavis.edu 7/11/2007
More informationUnlocking the potential of agrobiodiversity conservation for food and nutrition security and mitigating the effects of climate change
Unlocking the potential of agrobiodiversity conservation for food and nutrition security and mitigating the effects of climate change SIMON MBURU KENYATTA UNIVERSITY Quantitative methods for integrated
More informationAn Analysis of McLean County, Illinois Farmers' Perceptions of Genetically Modified Crops
AgBioForum, 9(3): 152-165. 2006 AgBioForum. An Analysis of McLean County, Illinois Farmers' Perceptions of Genetically Modified Crops Nagesh Chimmiri, Kerry W. Tudor, and Aslihan D. Spaulding Illinois
More informationFood Insecurity in Rural Households of Cameroon: Factors Associated and Implications for National Policies
Food Insecurity in Rural Households of Cameroon: Factors Associated and Implications for National Policies TANANKEM VOUFO B. Ministry of Economy, Planning and Regional Development, Department of Analysis
More informationIMPACTS OF DROUGHT ON MAIZE CROP IN KENYA. By John Mwikya, Kenya Meteorological Dept.
IMPACTS OF DROUGHT ON MAIZE CROP IN KENYA By John Mwikya, Kenya Meteorological Dept. INTRODUCTION The main staple crop for Kenyans is maize and is grown in all parts of the country except in the pastoral
More informationSurvey Statistician to provide assistance for the Randomized rural household survey Scope of Work (SOW)
AgResults Kenya On-Farm Storage Pilot Survey Statistician to provide assistance for the Randomized rural household survey Scope of Work (SOW) 1. Consultant Name: TBD 2. Period of Performance: TBD 3. Level
More informationGMOs in South Africa Series
GMOs and the law in South Africa: the GMO Act Introduction South Africa began planting GM crops in 1998. It was only in 1999, after much pressure from civil society groups that the Genetically Modified
More informationThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumers Attitudes at Northwestern Mutual: A Case Study
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumers Attitudes at Northwestern Mutual: Researchers: Kuhlman, Laura Lett, Kate Vornhagen, Shellie December 6, 2013 Marketing Research Kuhlman_A7 Executive
More informationBIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Topic 4 Lectures 2 and 3 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology
BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Topic 4 Lectures 2 and 3 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology Dr. Michael Emmerling Department of Botany Room 410 m.emmerling@latrobe.edu.au Some Key Words Agrobacterium Ti plasmid
More informationWorkshop on Cost Effective Aflatoxin Risk Reduction Strategies in Maize Value Chain 26 th to 30 th March ACDI/VOCA Activities under KMDP
Workshop on Cost Effective Aflatoxin Risk Reduction Strategies in Maize Value Chain 26 th to 30 th March 2009 ACDI/VOCA Activities under KMDP Kenya Maize Development Programme The Kenya Maize Development
More informationFactors Affecting College Students' Knowledge and Opinions of Genetically Modified Foods
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Publications Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Fall 200 Factors Affecting College Students' Knowledge and Opinions of Genetically Modified Foods Chad M. Laux
More informationFarmers Knowledge and Opinions towards Bollgard II Implementation in Cotton Production in Western Burkina Faso
Farmers Knowledge and Opinions towards Bollgard II Implementation in Cotton Production in Western Burkina Faso Edouard I. R. SANOU (iredouar.sanou@ugent.be), Department of Agricultural Ecnomic, Gent University,
More informationISPC Commentary on the resubmission of the proposal CRP3.6: Dryland cereals (Revision of February 2012)
22 nd February 2012 ISPC Commentary on the resubmission of the proposal CRP3.6: Dryland cereals (Revision of February 2012) The ISPC has reviewed the revised proposal CRP3.6 on Dryland cereals. Below is
More informationfoodfirst: The Future of Farming and Food Security in Africa
foodfirst: The Future of Farming and Food Security in Africa Mr Graziano da Silva, Director-General FAO It is an honor to be here today at the foodfirst Conference: The Future of Farming and Food Security
More informationConsumer Awareness, Attitude towards exercising their Rights: Genetically Modified Foods
RESEARCH NOTE Consumer Awareness, Attitude towards exercising their Rights: Genetically Modified Foods Anil Naik*, Rohini S Pandit** and Kumar Ajitam*** ABSTRACT Technology in molecular and cellular biology
More informationEarly warning and Acute food insecurity analysis: introduction to CH process
Famine Early Warning Systems Network Early warning and Acute food insecurity analysis: introduction to CH process Nigeria CH Foundational Training Overview What is early warning? Some concepts Guiding
More informationThe perception of Agricultural Researchers about the Role of Nanotechnology in Achieving Food Security
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(37), pp. 6152-6157, 13 September, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The
More informationPoverty Alleviation and strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA)
Poverty Alleviation and strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) Tegemeo Institute May 5th, 2005 Paul Gamba Poverty Estimates in Kenya Year Poverty incidence 1972 30 percent nationwide 1981/92 Rural:
More informationWIND FARM OPINION POLL. Conducted 11th 13th May 2015
WIND FARM OPINION POLL Conducted 11th 13th May 2015 Abstract An insight into opinions regarding renewable energy and the environment in the Bournemouth area, and the feasibility of the Navitus Bay Wind
More informationAnalysis of Awareness among Consumers towards Organic Food Products: With Reference to Vellore Organic Consumers Perspective.
Analysis of Awareness among Consumers towards Organic Food Products: With Reference to Vellore Organic Consumers Perspective. Uma.R 1, Dr.V.Selvam 2 1 (Research Scholar in Commerce SSL, VIT University,
More informationNotes. I was hungry and you gave me something to eat (Matthew 25:35)
I was hungry and you gave me something to eat (Matthew 25:35) Notes "In sub-saharan Africa women constitute between 60 and 80 percent of the labour for food production, both for household consumption and
More informationCREATIVITY AUDIT QUESTIONNAIRE
CREATIVITY AUDIT QUESTIONNAIRE CREATIVITY AUDIT This audit aims to record your opinion about creativity at work in order to better address your organizational needs in terms of creativity and innovation.
More informationFarmers Perception about the Extension Services and Extension Workers: The Case of Organic Agriculture Extension Program by PROSHIKA
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 (4): 332-337, 2009 ISSN 1557-4989 2009 Science Publications Farmers Perception about the Extension Services and Extension Workers: The Case of
More informationEffectiveness of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance at Kenya Seed Company-Kitale
Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 6(1):1-5 Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2015 (ISSN: 2141-7024) jetems.scholarlinkresearch.com Journal of Emerging Trends
More informationImportance and Limits of the Cost-Benefit Analysis for GMOs Regulation
Importance and Limits of the Cost-Benefit Analysis for GMOs Regulation Christophe Charlier 1 and Egizio Valceschini 2 1 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis and GREDEG/CNRS, France, christophe.charlier@gredeg.cnrs.fr
More informationrf 1, Danielle Lema Ngono 2, Carol Colfer 2 and Sendashong Cyrie 2
Gender and the Forestry Situation in Africa: The Way Forward by Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schando Schandorf rf 1, Danielle Lema Ngono 2, Carol Colfer 2 and Sendashong Cyrie 2 Presented at the IUFRO Division VI
More informationCIAT in Africa: Science for Impact
CIAT in Africa: Science for Impact (Photo: N. Palmer/CIAT).. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), in collaboration with our national research partners, has been working in Africa for
More informationGMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System. A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D.
GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D. Background PhD in Plant Physiology from Ohio State University 12 years with Monsanto R&D in PGR s and herbicides
More informationYEMEN PLAN OF ACTION. Towards Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods for Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security SUMMARY
YEMEN PLAN OF ACTION Towards Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods for Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security 2014 2018 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Yemen, one of the least developed countries in the world,
More informationbenefits of bt cotton in burkina faso
Burkina Faso 2015 was the eighth year for farmers in Burkina Faso to benefit significantly from Bt cotton (Bollgard II ). The total Bt cotton planted in Burkina Faso in 2015 was 350,000 hectares, or 50%
More informationGeneral Assembly s overall review of the implementation of WSIS outcomes. Official Form for Written Submissions
General Assembly s overall review of the implementation of WSIS outcomes Official Form for Written Submissions A. Your Information Title: e-agriculture Action Line Facilitator First name: Sophie Last name:
More informationPerceptions of Land Tenure Insecurity: Survey Evidence from Burkina Faso. Benjamin Linkow Research Scientist, International Projects Division
Perceptions of Land Tenure Insecurity: Survey Evidence from Burkina Faso Benjamin Linkow Research Scientist, International Projects Division World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty April 2012 Overview
More informationCFS contribution to the 2018 High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development global review
CFS contribution to the 2018 High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development global review Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies In depth-review of SDGs 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 17
More informationImpacts of Climate Change on Food Security
Climate Change and Food Security Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security Learners Notes This course is funded by the European Union's Food Security Thematic Programme and implemented by the Food and
More informationA data portrait of smallholder farmers
A data portrait of smallholder farmers An introduction to a dataset on small-scale agriculture The Smallholder Farmers Dataportrait is a comprehensive, systematic and standardized data set on the profile
More informationCash transfers and productive impacts: Evidence, gaps and potential
Cash transfers and productive impacts: Evidence, gaps and potential Benjamin Davis Strategic Programme Leader, Rural Poverty Reduction Food and Agriculture Organization Transfer Project Workshop Addis
More informationSustainable development: the role of agriculture
Sustainable development: the role of agriculture Prof. Dr Rudy Rabbinge University Professor Sustainable Development & Food Security Chair of the CGIAR Science Council Sustainability Sustainable agriculture
More informationRules and Regulations on GMO-derived food products in the European Union Lynn Insall UK Food and Drink Federation
Rules and Regulations on GMO-derived food products in the European Union Lynn Insall UK Food and Drink Federation Food Safety Workshop, Cairo, 17 April 2005 About the UK Food and Drink Manufacturing Industry
More informationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Lebanon
Projects Brief Lebanon 2015 Projects Brief Lebanon 2015 Contribute to the promotion of rural development and poverty alleviation, through supporting to the agricultural production systems to overcome agricultural
More informationSUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR: A DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR: A DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS M. B. M. Ismail Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Commerce, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Oluvil mbmismail@seu.ac.lk ABSTRACT:
More informationPotential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients
Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients Hillel Magen & Patricia Imas, ICL Fertilizers. Prophecy was given to fools = no more prophets available,
More informationGlobal Pulse Production and Consumption Trends: The Potential of Pulses to Achieve Feed the Future Food and Nutritional Security Goals
Global Pulse Production and Consumption Trends: The Potential of Pulses to Achieve Feed the Future Food and Nutritional Security Goals Mywish Maredia Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics,
More informationPROS AND CONS OF GMO FOODS
PROS AND CONS OF GMO FOODS DUNAREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALATI 1 GMO s... organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination
More informationSelected Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Finger Millet Varieties by Small- Scale Farmers in the Semi-Arid Mogotio District, Kenya
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=journalofbasicandapplied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationGenetically Modified Foods: Consumers Attitudes and Labeling Issues. Michele Veeman and Wiktor Adamowicz. Project Report AARI Project #2000D037
RURAL ECONOMY Genetically Modified Foods: Consumers Attitudes and Labeling Issues Michele Veeman and Wiktor Adamowicz Project Report 04-01 AARI Project #2000D037 Project Report Department of Rural Economy
More information2001 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION RESEARCH TRACKING STUDY
2001 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION RESEARCH TRACKING STUDY FINAL REPORT Prepared For: Newfoundland & Labrador Hydro Hydro Place, Columbus Drive P.O. Box 12400 St. John s, NF A1B 4K7 Prepared By: www.marketquest.ca
More informationEFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN YOUTH MIGRATION ON FARM FAMILIES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
ISSN: 2224-0616 Available online at http://www.ijarit.webs.com EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN YOUTH MIGRATION ON FARM FAMILIES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA E.N. Mbah 1 *, C.I. Ezeano 2 and M.O. Agada 3 Received 28
More informationParticipatory Rural Assessment
Participatory Rural Assessment Introduction A sustainable society is one that can persist over generations, one that is foreseeing, flexible and wise enough not to undermine either its physical or its
More informationVIEW OF STAKEHOLDERS ON GMOS IN BRAZIL: WHERE WE ARE NOW
VIEW OF STAKEHOLDERS ON GMOS IN BRAZIL: WHERE WE ARE NOW Copyright 2011 by author(s). All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided
More informationAssessing Cost Efficiency among Small Scale Rice Producers in the West Region of Cameroon: A Stochastic Frontier Model Approach
International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2016, PP 1-7 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0306001
More informationInformation on the Federal Foreign Office Programme Expanding Cooperation with Civil Society in the Eastern Partnership Countries and Russia
Berlin, 17 October 2017 Information on the Federal Foreign Office Programme Expanding Cooperation with Civil Society in the Eastern Partnership Countries and Russia The programme Expanding Cooperation
More informationGENUS, LXVI (No. 2), 2010
GENUS, LXVI (No. 2), 2010 WARREN C. ROBINSON Land, Labour and Population Growth: Theory, Policies and Case-Studies Collected Papers From Four Decades, AuthorHouse, Bloomington, 2009. Background and Context
More informationPublic Understanding and Perception of and Attitude Towards Agricultural Biotechnology in the Philippines
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) College of Development Communication, University
More informationThe Effectiveness of the 1998 Vermont Fall Foliage Television Advertising
The Effectiveness of the 1998 Vermont Fall Foliage Television Advertising Prepared for The Vermont Department of Tourism and Marketing Prepared by William Baker School of Business, University of Vermont
More informationAssessment of youth involvement in yam production in Wukari local Government area of Taraba State, Nigeria
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2012.3.8.311.317 2012, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/abjna Assessment of youth involvement
More informationLinking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya
AAAE Conference Proceedings (2007) 85-90 Linking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya Odendo, M 1. and De Groote, H 2 1 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI),
More informationModule 16 /// Innovative Activity Profile 2. Conducting an Impact Evaluation 1. Steps in Impact Evaluation. Baseline Data Review and Hypothesis
Module 16 /// Innovative Activity Profile 2 Conducting an Impact Evaluation 1 A great challenge in evaluating the impacts of development interventions is to measure any longterm changes occurring after
More informationParticipatory rural planning processes
Rural Transport Training Materials Module 2: Planning, Design, Appraisal and Implementation Participatory rural planning processes Session 2.1 Part 1 Presentation 2.1a The Training Modules Module1. Policies
More informationChairperson of the Conference, Director General and Staff, Representatives of Member States, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, ZIMBABWE
1 ZIMBABWE STATEMENT BY HEAD OF DELEGATION AT THE 39 TH SESSION OF THE FAO CONFERENCE: 6 13 JUNE 2015 BREAKING THE CYCLE OF POVERTY AND HUNGER BY STRENGTHENING RURAL RESILENCE: SOCIAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE
More informationCONCEPT NOTE. Seminar to build capacity on Mainstreaming climate change concerns into agricultural policies in Central Africa SUB-REGIONAL OFFICE
SUB-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AFRICA CONCEPT NOTE Seminar to build capacity on Mainstreaming climate change concerns into agricultural policies in Central Africa October 2015 Background and justification
More informationDeterminants of Farmer Demand for Fee-for-Service Extension in Zimbabwe: The Case of Mashonaland Central province
Determinants of Farmer Demand for Fee-for-Service Extension in Zimbabwe: The Case of Mashonaland Central province Richard Foti, Lecturer Innocent Nyakudya, Lecturer Mack Moyo, Lecturer John Chikuvire,
More informationSurvey Expert to provide assistance for the Randomized rural household survey Scope of Work (SOW)
AgResults Kenya On-Farm Storage Pilot Survey Expert to provide assistance for the Randomized rural household survey Scope of Work (SOW) 1. Consultant Name TBD 2. Period of Performance TBD 3. Level of Effort
More informationNanotechnologies from the consumers point of view
Nanotechnologies from the consumers point of view What consumers know and what they would like to know Antje Grobe, Mikko Rissanen, Philippe Funda, Joel De Beer, Uschi Jonas Edited by the Federal Office
More informationZIMBABWE CASE STUDY ZIMBABWE: COPING WITH DROUGHT AND CLIMATE CHANGE DECEMBER Country. Region. Key Result Area. UNDP Project ID 3785
ZIMBABWE: COPING WITH DROUGHT AND CLIMATE CHANGE DECEMBER 2010 Country Zimbabwe [http://www.adaptationlearning.net/country-profiles/zw] Region Eastern Africa Key Result Area Agriculture/Food Security Disaster
More informationTHE MAKIG OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN ETHIOPIA
THE MAKIG OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN ETHIOPIA Aseffa Abreha May 2013 Introduction Social protection is conceived in several ways and generally interchangeably used with social security, social safety net,
More informationBetter canola - industry support for the canola industry
Better canola - industry support for the canola industry S.J. Marcroft 1, S.Knights 2 1 Marcroft Grains Pathology P/L, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia. 2 S.E.Knights, Grains Innovation
More informationIncreasing Community Resilience to Drought in Sakai
Increasing Community Resilience to Drought in Sakai Community based climate change adaptation Climate Change Adaptation Workshop May 26, 2010 IDRC, Ottawa, ON. Dr. Maggie Opondo Overview Climate change
More informationConsumer Perceptions of Country of Origin in the Australian Apparel Industry
Consumer Perceptions of Country of Origin in the Australian Apparel Industry Paul Patterson and Siu-Kwan Tai Consumer attitudes towards the quality of Australian-made products in general, and clothing
More informationEthiopia s Commitment to Climate Change Adaptation
Ethiopia s Commitment to Climate Change Adaptation By H.E. Bashir Abdullahi State Minister, MoARD A summarized paper prepared for the Earth Day Ethiopia 22 April 2009 Introduction Climate change is any
More informationMeasuring Household Resilience to Food Insecurity
ERD Accra, 21-23 May 2009 Measuring Household Resilience to Food Insecurity An Application to Palestinian Households Luca Alinovi, ESAF Erdgin Mane, ESAF Donato Romano, University of Florence Research
More informationProgress in reducing hunger after the World Food Summit
Progress in reducing hunger after the World Food Summit Arne Oshaug The World Food Summit (WFS) was held in November 1996. The WFS, as spelled out in its final document, clearly indicated what was needed
More informationClackamas County Diversity and Inclusion Assessment Report Phase II
Clackamas County Diversity and Inclusion Assessment Report Phase II Prepared by: The Center for Public Service Mark O. Hatfield School of Government Portland State University Masami Nishishiba, Ph.D. Jillian
More informationOPPORTUNITIES FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENT FOUND TO BE VERY IMPORTANT TO TRUCKLOAD DRIVERS. Julene M. Rodriguez Gene C. Griffin
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENT FOUND TO BE VERY IMPORTANT TO TRUCKLOAD DRIVERS By Julene M. Rodriguez Gene C. Griffin UGPTI Staff Paper No. 108 February 1993 OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENT
More informationCritical Analysis of Competitive Strategies on Performance and Market Positioning: A Case Study of Middle Level Colleges, in Mombasa County.
Abstract Critical Analysis of Competitive Strategies on Performance and Market Positioning: A Case Study of Middle Level Colleges, in Mombasa County. Dr. Enock Gongera 1* Oddillia Nabwire Okoth 2 1. Dean
More informationMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNDP-GEF ADAPTATION INITIATIVES TOWARDS MDG1 Issue No.1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger - from Climate Change United
More informationVision Presentation by Dr Huseyin Gundogdu,
Vision 2030 Presentation by Dr Huseyin Gundogdu, On Behalf of the Core Group VPH Dr. Gerhard Backeberg VPH Dr. Wilhem Vlotman Dr. Ian Makin, Dr. Sylvain Perret Dr. Charolette de Feiture SG Avinash C Tyagi
More informationWheat Production in Washington
Wheat Production in Washington Summary Report A Survey Designed and Conducted by Washington State University s Winter and Spring Wheat Breeding Programs Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Department
More informationHigh Level Meeting on National Drought Policy (HMNDP) CICG, Geneva March 2013
High Level Meeting on National Drought Policy (HMNDP) CICG, Geneva 11-15 March 2013 Policy Document: National Drought Management Policy United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Food
More informationPURDUE-MOI UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP THE LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
PURDUE-MOI UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP THE LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP Purdue-MU Universities 2009 In Partnership with IU and IUPUI 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY We intend to create a 20-year partnership for capacity-building
More information