AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 24: U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY
|
|
- Stephany Weaver
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 24: U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY
2 AGEC 429 Lecture #24 U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY Free Trade: Long-time stated goal of U.S. agricultural policy - World trade in agricultural goods free of any government intervention. - In practice, U.S. favors free trade more in our export markets than in our import markets. - Why do you think that has been the case? Many groups within the U.S. oppose the policy of free trade. - Why is that the case? - What groups are likely to oppose free trade?» Groups that LOSE from free trade will tend to oppose opening markets to trade.» What groups tend to lose from trade? - What groups are likely to favor free trade?» Groups that GAIN from free trade will tend to favor opening markets to trade.» What groups tend to gain?
3 Who Gains and Loses from Free Trade? Producers in export markets gain - Free, open, growing global markets provide access to large consuming populations outside the country. - U.S. or foreign policies that restrict our exports reduce our production and producer profitability. Producers in import markets lose - Free trade means these producers must compete with imports which reduces their production and profitability Livestock & prod Grains & feeds Fruits & vegs Coffe & cooca Sugar Alcoholic beverages Other What about consumers? Do they benefit from free trade? - Answer: It depends! - Consumers in export markets lose while those in import markets gain
4 Globalization and Economic Integration World has become increasingly interdependent in recent years - Changes in markets in one country affect markets in other countries - Rapid improvements in transportation and communication technology, among other things. - The increasing economic interdependence among countries is called globalization. Globalization is forcing greater integration among countries - Creates challenge for U.S. policymakers in managing the type and extent of integration that the U.S. desires with other countries. - Trade policy used to manage the economic integration process. Three key types of integration occurring in world markets: (1) Economic systems integration (2) Market integration (3) Policy integration
5 Globalization and Integration Three Types of Integration Economic Systems Integration: The to commercial interaction among countries. - Forces closer coordination of economic systems among countries (economic and macroeconomic policies). - Continual economic systems integration eventually leads to adoption of same currencies and monetary systems, free movement of resources (capital and labor) across borders. Market Integration: The among countries. - Markets in trading countries behave as single market rather than as many separate markets. - Market integration occurs in commodity markets but also in financial and resource markets if there are no barriers to free flow of financial commodities or resources. Policy Integration: among countries - Market regulations and policies must be adjusted to keep commodities flowing freely among countries. - Without policy integration, market distortions will occur. - Inconsistent policies among trading countries generate pressures for change.
6 U.S. Agricultural Trade Policy Goals and Objectives General stated goals have been to promote free trade and economic integration between the U.S. and its trading partners. Four specific objectives of U.S. agricultural trade policy: (1) Expand market access for U.S. agricultural commodities. (2) Build markets for U.S. agricultural commodities. (3) Assist countries in their economic development. (4) Increase U.S. and world food security.
7 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #1: Expanding Market Access Overriding goal of U.S. agricultural trade policy Negotiating agreements to reduce trade barriers with trading partners - Primary means of gaining greater access to foreign markets for U.S. agricultural and food commodities Three types of negotiation strategies - trade negotiations to establish free trade agreements between two countries to reduce trade barriers (examples: U.S.- Israel, U.S.- Chile, U.S.- Canada) - trade negotiations to establish free trade agreement among countries in a geographic region to reduce trade barriers examples: NAFTA, MERCOSUR, European Union) - trade negotiations to establish free trade agreements among a large number of countries across geographic regions to reduce trade barriers (Example: WTO)
8 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Many rounds of multilateral trade negotiations have occurred: 1947 Geneva Dillon Round 1949 Annecy Kennedy Round Torquay Tokyo Round Geneva Uruguay Round The Round (signed in 1994) - Most important round for agriculture. - First time that reductions in agricultural trade barriers were negotiated. - Negotiations lasted 8 years ( ) - Signed by 111 countries with others signing later Agriculture Played Central Role in Negotiations - Completely new operational rules for agriculture agreed upon. - Three major areas (pillars) of negotiation and agreement: 1. Market Access 2. Export Competition 3. Domestic Subsidies
9 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Summary of Uruguay Round Results Pillars of Negotiation Market Access Rules change non-tariff trade measures (like quotas) to tariffs ( tarrification ) bind all tariffs (no increases allowed) Liberalization reduce existing and new tariffs by 36% on ave. over 6 yrs reduce tariffs for each item by 15% = Need to know for exam Safeguards, Accommodations and Guarantees guaranteed access opportunities for exporters through tariff-rate quotas special safeguard measures for importers Export Competition Trade distorting include coupled policies Domestic Subsidies Non-trade distorting include decoupled policies defined limits on existing export subsidies no new export subsidies defined tradedistorting and nontrade-distorting policies reduce expenditures by 36% over 6 years reduce volume by 21% over 6 years aggregate level of trade-distorting support reduced by 20% over 6 years adherence to food aid rules negotiate later on export credits many developing countries subsidies exempted payments under production limiting programs exempted
10 New Round of Trade Negotiations: Doha Development Agenda New WTO negotiations on agriculture began in early Negotiators met in Doha, Qatar to begin consideration of negotiating proposals submitted by 121 governments - Attempt to make additional progress in the three pillar areas of negotiation A lot of negotiating for 17 years but little progress: - Negotiations were to conclude by January 2005 but still ongoing - Negotiations suspended several times (April 2006, July 2008, Oct 2011) Where to now in WTO negotiations? - Main persistent differences include tariff reduction plans and domestic subsidies. - According to WTO, countries are still a long way from where we should be th ministerial meeting in Nairobi, Kenya (December 2015) agreed on the Nairobi Package to: (1) abolish export subsidies and (2) allow government stock holding for food security purposes. - Debate on public stockholding continues - 11th Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires in December 2017 Will countries ever reach a final agreement? - After 17 years of negotiating, many countries giving up hope and looking to regional trade agreements (RTAs) like NAFTA, MERCOSUR, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and many others.
11 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #2: Building Markets for U.S. Agricultural Commodities USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) administers three major programs to help build foreign markets: (1) Market Development and Promotion Programs (2) Foreign Market Information Program (3) Export Credit and Enhancement Programs FAS Program #1: Market Development and Promotion Programs - Federal funds combined with producer check-off funds (voluntary or mandatory producer contributions) to fund activities in foreign countries. - Extensive overseas programs to persuade foreign consumers to prefer and buy U.S.- produced agricultural food products. - Commodity groups include beef, pork, corn, soybeans, cotton, and others like blueberries, potatoes, citrus, dates, and many more
12 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #2: Building Markets for U.S. Agricultural Commodities (cont d) FAS Program #2: Foreign Market Information Programs - FAS has a world-wide market information program. - Agricultural counselors and attachés located in American embassies identify potential U.S. agricultural. m - They also gather intelligence on foreign agricultural markets to provide timely information on markets like where droughts are occurring, prices in foreign markets, technology used abroad, etc.) to help U.S. agriculture sector to effectively compete in world markets and help inform U.S. regulatory and policymaking officials. - Bad or old information can lead to producer market decisions or U.S. policies that are inconsistent with the realities of world markets. - Example: disease outbreak in some region of the world should lead to quick policy response to restrict food imports from that region.
13 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #2: Building Markets for U.S. Agricultural Commodities (cont d) FAS Program #3: Export Credit and Enhancement Programs - Administered by FAS - Programs offer purchasing credit or other inducements to generate additional sales of U.S. agricultural commodities. - Two main programs: (1) Export Credit Guarantee Program USDA guarantees loans so that private U.S. financial institutions will extend financing to buyers in emerging markets that want to purchase U.S. agricultural exports. The 2008 farm bill made changes to export credit programs to conform to U.S. commitments in the World Trade Organization (WTO). (2) Export Subsidy Programs Step 2 cotton program (export subsidy) - provided subsidy to foreign cotton buyers but was challenged by Brazil as illegal under the WTO agreement. U.S. lost the case and the step 2 program was terminated in August Dairy Export Incentive Program (DEIP) - uses either dairy products or cash to subsidize exports of manufactured dairy products.
14 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #3: Assisting Countries in Their Economic Development Efforts Key objective in U.S. efforts to build markets for U.S. goods. (Why?) Agriculture is typically the starting point for U.S. economic assistance to developing countries. (Why?) - Agricultural development activities help poor people feed themselves. - As agriculture sectors become more productive, labor can then be transferred out of agriculture and employed in other economic activities, making the economy less dependent on agriculture. - U.S. economic development followed this process. Also, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other formerly underdeveloped countries - Development brings increases in incomes and standards of living. Increased income leads to. U.S. is major food exporting country so foreign economic development leads to increased foreign demand for food and.
15 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #3: Assisting Countries in Their Economic Development Efforts (cont d) Four General Categories of Economic Development Assistance: (1) - helping developing countries build governmental and private institutions to support and administer an efficient agriculture and food system such as ministries of agriculture, land and property rights management, universities, extension services, producer marketing cooperatives, and much more. (2) - building transportation, energy, irrigation systems, storage facilities, etc. essential to the efficient functioning of agricultural markets and too expensive for developing countries alone to finance. (3) providing services of experts from developed countries to assist in institution building and infrastructure development. (4) - research by U.S. and international agencies to find practical solutions to problems facing the agricultural sectors of developing countries. (Example: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico.)
16 U.S. Trade Policy Goals and Objectives Objective #4: Increasing U.S. and World Food Security Three Dimensions of U.S. Efforts to Improve World Food Security: (1) - establishing policies to ensure the safety and integrity of the U.S. and world food supply such as meat plant inspection systems, regulation and use of pesticides and other chemicals in food production, regulation of food additives, policies to limit importation of contaminated or diseased foods, etc. (2) - food aid and foreign assistance programs to move food from surplus areas of the world (U.S.) to food deficit areas and to help foreign producers learn how to be more productive. (3) - programs to enhance access of poor to food, such as food stamp program, the Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) program, and the school lunch program. Food Security Problems Most Prevalent in and Parts of and. - U.S. is world s largest supplier of food aid, though PL480 (Food for Peace) program. - Free trade policy considered to enhance global food security by allowing for greater food production, lower food prices for food, and greater access to food by lowerincome consumers.
17
18 What About Trade Policies Related to Imports? Free trade in import markets leads to increased imports of food which reduces U.S. agricultural production. Policies - Trade policies to limit imports (eg.: tariffs on Mexican tomato imports) - Polices for domestic purposes that limit imports (e.g.: COOL) - Trade Remedy Laws (TRLs) intended to provide temporary safeguards against injurious imports established in Trade Act of 1974 and in U.S. Farm Bills. Two Most Prominent (Trade Act of 1974): - - provides temporary protection against imports to facilitate adjustments to a loss of international competitiveness. To justify need for temporary protection, only serious injury or the threat of serious injury must be demonstrated by the industry. President empowered to impose a tariff (called Countervailing Duty or CVD) to provide protection against imports. - - prohibits unfair trade practices which most commonly is dumping. Dumping is when one country sells its goods in another country at a price below the cost of production. CVDs or other regulatory measures can be imposed.
A lost opportunity? Ian Sheldon Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics
Failure in the global trade talks: A lost opportunity? Ian Sheldon Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics Presentation prepared for LEAD - Class XI Walnut Creek, OH, In the
More informationINFORMATION NOTE, MAY
INFORMATION NOTE, MAY 217 How do Trade Distortions Affect Markets for Farm Goods? ICTSD.ORG Key findings Five sectors capture around 75 percent of the total absolute value of single commodity support:
More informationAGRICULTURAL TRADE AND ITS IMPORTANCE
AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND ITS IMPORTANCE 1. SOME HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS Since the founding of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1959, one of the objectives was to increase productivity and the volume
More informationG-20 and Brazil in WTO the Doha Round: Perspectives for Hong Kong
Hong Kong 15 Les Paysans prennent la parole Première Séance: A quelles conditions la mondialization profite-t-elle aux Pays en Développement? G-2 and Brazil in WTO the Doha Round: Perspectives for Hong
More informationTHE AMBITIOUS U.S. TRADE AGENDA
THE AMBITIOUS U.S. TRADE AGENDA Laurie Hueneke Director of International Trade Policy, Sanitary & Technical Issues USAHA Committee on Import Export San Diego, CA October 20, 2013 General Trade Overview
More informationU.S. Farm Bill Scenarios and Impact on Developing Countries
U.S. Farm Bill Scenarios and Impact on Developing Countries Robert L. Thompson Gardner Endowed Chair in Agricultural Policy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tim Josling Senior Fellow, Freeman
More informationAgreement on Agriculture and WTO Negotiations
Agreement on Agriculture and WTO Negotiations Structure of presentation Part I What are the agriculture negotiations all about? Part II What has so far happened in the Doha Round? 2 PART I 3 Agriculture
More informationDirect Trade Intervention. Tariffs and taxes Import and export quotas Export subsidies and taxes. Macroeconomic Distortions
Agriculture in the United States has long been shaped by federal government attempts to enhance farm profitability through a variety of government programs and policies. Depending on the commodity, the
More informationUpdate on the CAP Health Check
Update on the CAP Health Check Mareike Meyn Overseas Development Institute December 2008 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD, United Kingdom Tel.: +44 (0)20 7922
More informationProspects for advancing SDG2 in the run-up to the WTO s eleventh ministerial conference and beyond
AGRICULTURE 26 OCTOBER 2017 Beijing Prospects for advancing SDG2 in the run-up to the WTO s eleventh ministerial conference and beyond Jonathan HEPBURN, Senior Programme Manager - Agriculture, ICTSD SDG2:
More informationBackground on U.S. Agricultural Policy: Food Security Objectives and Trade Implications
Background on U.S. Agricultural Policy: Food Security Objectives and Trade Implications Workshop Post Bali Agricultural and Trade Policy Options: Focus on China 23 October 2014 jason.hafemeister@fas.usda.gov
More informationCANADIAN AGRI-FOOD TRADE ALLIANCE
CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD TRADE ALLIANCE Suite 308, 151 Slater Street Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Tel: (613) 560-0500 Fax: (613) 236-3590 www.cafta.org Email: office@cafta.org Comments on Free Trade Negotiations
More informationTable 1. U.S. Agricultural Exports as a Share of Production, 1992
Export markets are important to U.S. agriculture, absorbing a substantial portion of total production of many important commodities. During the last two decades there have been periods of expansion and
More informationAfter Hong Kong: Potential Impacts of the WTO Doha Round SPECIAL REPORT. Larry Martin, Al Mussell, and Terri-lyn Moore.
After Hong Kong: Potential Impacts of the WTO Doha Round SPECIAL REPORT Larry Martin, Al Mussell, and Terri-lyn Moore April, 2006 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this special report is as follows: To
More informationFREE TRADE OF THE AMERICAS, THE WTO, AND NEW FARM LEGISLATION: IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES. Walter J. Armbruster. Farm Foundation
FREE TRADE OF THE AMERIAS, THE WTO, AND NEW FARM LEGISLATION: IMPLIATIONS AND HALLENGES Walter J. Armbruster Farm Foundation I will highlight some of the implications and challenges identified in our plenary
More informationGlobalization: Implications for U.S. and Oklahoma Agriculture. Stillwater, Oklahoma November 9, 2012
Globalization: Implications for U.S. and Oklahoma Agriculture Stillwater, Oklahoma November 9, 2012 1 We Are Just One World Now Steve Jobs 2 From Today Forward will Be a profitable growth industry Be an
More informationCRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web
Order Code IB10077 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web Agricultural Trade Issues in the 107 th Congress Updated March 13, 2002 Charles E. Hanrahan, Geoffrey S. Becker, and Remy Jurenas
More informationThe Global Impacts of Farm Policy Reforms in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries
0 The Global Impacts of Farm Policy Reforms in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries Mary E. Burfisher, Sherman Robinson and Karen Thierfelder Multilateral negotiations on agricultural
More informationMinnesota Agricultural Exports
Minnesota Agricultural Exports Minnesota ranked No. 4 in agricultural exports among all states 2018 Update 10 pages Prepared by Su Ye, Chief Economist Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
More informationCanadian Agriculture and International Trade Negotiations. February 5, 2014
Canadian Agriculture and International Trade Negotiations February 5, 2014 Trade is essential for the agricultural sector Sustained growth of the sector depends on Canada s ability to remain competitive
More informationPublic Policy and Agriculture
Public Policy and Agriculture Dr. Jeff Burkhardt With Dr. John VanSickle Food & Resource Economics Department University of Florida Florida Outlook Conference November 13, 2012 Why Public Policy? Why Public
More informationRethinking US Agricultural Policy:
Rethinking US Agricultural Policy: Changing Course to Secure Farmer Livelihoods Worldwide Daryll E. Ray Daniel G. De La Torre Ugarte Kelly J. Tiller Agricultural Policy Analysis Center The University of
More informationCORN: DECLINING WORLD GRAIN STOCKS OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER PRICES
CORN: DECLINING WORLD GRAIN STOCKS OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER PRICES OCTOBER 2000 Darrel Good Summary The 2000 U.S. corn crop is now estimated at 10.192 billion bushels, 755 million (8 percent) larger
More informationProtectionism SAMPLE
Protectionism 4.1 Globalisation What you need to know a) Tariffs b) Import quotas c) Other trade barriers: government legislation domestic subsidies Concept links Globalisation International Trade Market
More informationTrade and Biodiversity Carlos Murillo
Trade and Biodiversity Carlos Murillo Trade and Environment Even though the relationship between trade and the environment seems obvious, it has only recently been an issue in the field of trade negotiations.
More informationSOME ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA
SOME ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA R. A. Sherwin, Agricultural Attache Australian Embassy, Washington, D. C. Before discussing government programs relating to agriculture in Australia I propose
More informationTrade Impacts of Common Agricultural Policy
Trade Impacts of Common Agricultural Policy Alan Matthews, Luca Salvatici, and Margherita Scoppola Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium s
More informationEU support of its processing tomato industry and the competitive consequences for California
EU support of its processing tomato industry and the competitive consequences for California Bradley J. Rickard, Assistant Professor, Agribusiness Department California Polytechnic State University, San
More informationChapter 5 International trade
Chapter 5 International trade International trade consists of buying and selling of exports and imports between countries. Why do we trade? The reason countries do not produce all their own goods to satisfy
More information1630 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC Telephone: Facsimile:
Thursday, January 22, 2004. The Capitol Building, Washington, DC The following is the text of Vicki Gass' presentation on the impact of CAFTA on the Central American Rural Sector. Vicki Gass is Senior
More informationWhat Is the Farm Bill?
Order Code RS22131 Updated September 23, 2008 What Is the Farm Bill? Renée Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246,
More informationFAO AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY BACKGROUND NOTE CANADA
FAO AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY BACKGROUND NOTE CANADA FAO Agriculture and Trade Policy Background Note 1. Agricultural Sector Performance CANADA Agriculture contributes roughly 2% to the total GDP of
More informationENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY
TEXTE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Interim Report of the Research Report 200 16 154 Environmental Issues and Food Security Aspects
More informationProject on Organic Agriculture
Department of Agricultural Economics Project on Organic Agriculture Number 7 January 2005 By Shon Ferguson and Simon Weseen The Economic Effect of Canada Making or Missing the EU 3 rd Country List: The
More informationNAFTA s Impact on U.S. Agricultural Policy. Lloyd Day Foreign Agricultural Service U.S. Department of Agriculture
NAFTA s Impact on U.S. Agricultural Policy Lloyd Day Foreign Agricultural Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 Benefits of NAFTA Ag. exports under NAFTA = 258,000 U.S. jobs Average annual growth =
More informationPotential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO
Order Code RL33697 Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO Updated April 26, 2007 Randy Schnepf and Jasper Womach Specialists in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division
More informationAgriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University
Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University I. Success 1. For the past three decades (1978-2010), China
More informationUNITED STATES DUMPING ON WORLD AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
UNITED STATES DUMPING ON WORLD AGRICULTURAL MARKETS Cancun 1 Series Paper no. IATP thanks Oxfam America for their support in the production of this report. Mark Ritchie, President, IATP Sophia Murphy,
More informationGlobal Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors contributing to recent increases in food commodity prices
Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors contributing to recent increases in food commodity prices Ron Trostle Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Markets and Food
More informationRole of NAFTA in California Agriculture: a Brief Review*
University of California Number 21 February 2 0 0 3 Agricultural Issues Center AIC Issues Brief Role of NAFTA in California Agriculture: a Brief Review* Henrich Brunke and Daniel A. Sumner** Thirteen years
More informationAgricultural Policy Development in Thailand
Agricultural Policy Development in Thailand Charuk Singhapreecha Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University INTRODUCTION This paper examines the policy transition in various stages of Thailand s economic
More informationHigh Food Prices and Riots: Trade Policy vs. Safety Nets. Ian Sheldon Andersons Professor of International Trade
High Food Prices and Riots: Trade Policy vs. Safety Nets Ian Sheldon Andersons Professor of International Trade Spikes in World Food Prices Post-2007 world prices of key staple foods volatile around relatively
More informationInvestment Abroad: A Way of Enhancing
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Agriculture King Abdullah s Initiative for Saudi Agricultural Investment Abroad: A Way of Enhancing Saudi Food Security Dr. Abdullah A. Al-Obaid Deputy Minister For
More informationWhat s in the Farm Bill And Why Should We Care?
What s in the Farm Bill And Why Should We Care? Nicole Ballenger Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of Wyoming October 2014 Less than one percent of the U.S. population claim farming
More informationEmerging Global Trade Patterns: USDA s Long-term Agricultural Projections
Emerging Global Trade Patterns: USDA s Long-term Agricultural Projections Midwest Agriculture s Ties to the Global Economy Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago November 28, 217 Chicago Jim Hansen, Ph.D. USDA,
More informationJohn Deere. Committed to Those Linked to the Land. Market Fundamentals. Deere & Company June/July 2014
John Deere Committed to Those Linked to the Land Market Fundamentals Deere & Company June/July 2014 Safe Harbor Statement & Disclosures This presentation includes forward-looking comments subject to important
More informationProblems for Developing the Free Trade Area of the Americas: Subsidies in Agriculture
Problems for Developing the Free Trade Area of the Americas: Subsidies in Agriculture Roberto Junguito and Enrique Ospina Banco de la Republica, Colombia Introduction Since the early 1980s, the world has
More informationActual Farm Bill Spending and Cost Estimates
Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy Renée Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy October 7, 2010 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of
More informationWhy Another Food. Commodity Price Spike?
18 Why Another Food Commodity Price Spike? Ronald Trostle, rtrostle@ers.usda.gov Shutterstock Large and rapid increases have occurred for many food commodity prices during 21-11. Long-term production and
More informationTackling Agricultural Subsidies in WTO Negotiations
Tackling Agricultural Subsidies in WTO Negotiations Gopal Naik 1. ROLE OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH ASIA Agriculture plays a major role in providing livelihood to a large proportion of the population
More informationHigh Food Prices and Riots: Trade Policy vs. Safety Nets. Ian Sheldon Andersons Professor of International Trade
High Food Prices and Riots: Trade Policy vs. Safety Nets Ian Sheldon Andersons Professor of International Trade Spikes in World Food Prices Since 2007 world prices of key staple foods volatile around relatively
More informationTHE COST OF RETALIATION. How American Farmers and Ranchers Have Historically Paid the Price for Trade Disputes
THE COST OF RETALIATION How American Farmers and Ranchers Have Historically Paid the Price for Trade Disputes Increasingly, the United States is threatening action or taking action to raise tariffs on
More informationOUTLOOK FOR US AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Outlook Forum 216 OUTLOOK FOR US AGRICULTURE Robert Johansson Chief Economist 25 February 216 Fig 2 Main themes for 216 1. The macroeconomy is weighing on trade, but there are reasons for
More informationSource: USDA FAS. The U.S. is the world s top exporter of food and agricultural products.
Trade Issues Report Julie Chao, Senior Technical Advisor Julie.Chao@fas.usda.gov USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Office of Agreements and Scientific Affairs Plant Division Source: USDA FAS The U.S. is
More informationAgriculture in the DDR & South Asian Positions
Agriculture in the DDR & South Asian Positions Anura Herath Country Programme Officer Sri Lanka International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) Sri Lankan position Are we really trying to take advantage
More informationAgricultural Policy, Agribusiness, and Rent-Seeking Behaviour
Agricultural Policy, Agribusiness, and Rent-Seeking Behaviour Second Edition ANDREW SCHMITZ CHARLES B. MOSS TROY G. SCHMITZ HARTLEY W. FURTAN H. CAROLE SCHMITZ UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo
More informationDomestic Support to Agriculture in the WTO
Domestic Support to Agriculture in the WTO Regional training workshop for CIS countries WTO Accession and Agricultural Policy Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 12-13 November
More informationA Coherent Agriculture Trade Policy for Mexico. Ralf Peters and David Vanzetti 1. Draft, 30 April 2012
A Coherent Agriculture Trade Policy for Mexico Ralf Peters and David Vanzetti 1 Draft, 30 April 2012 Abstract Mexico s agricultural trade reform coincides with increasing imports, decreasing employment
More informationReform of the Common Agricultural Policy Ulrich Koester, University of Kiel
Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy Ulrich Koester, University of Kiel Introduction The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has undergone major changes over time. At times when the most significant changes
More informationDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Funding Highlights: Promotes economic and job creation opportunities for rural America by focusing on five core areas: access to broadband services, innovative local and regional
More informationTwo years ago in May I took part in a seminar like this in South Carolina
Remarks of Richard E. Lyng Deputy Secretary of Agriculture before the Eighth Annual Conference of European and American Journalists Knokke Heist, Belgium, April 7, 1984 Two years ago in May I took part
More informationChapter 9. The Instruments of Trade Policy
Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy Preview Partial equilibrium analysis of tariffs in a single industry: supply, demand, and trade Costs and benefits of tariffs Export subsidies Import quotas Voluntary
More informationAgricultural subsidy policies and its development in PR China
Study Report - Extract Agricultural subsidy policies and its development in PR China Report by Prof. Hu Xiangdong, CAAS, short-term expert Revised by DCZ Beijing, July 2017 1 1. Introduction The German-Sino
More informationChapter 8: Common Agricultural Policy. Baldwin & Wyplosz The Economics of European Integration, 2 nd Edition
Chapter 8: Common Agricultural Policy 1 CAP Massively complex, massively expensive policy. Hard to understand without seeing how it developed. CAP started as simple price support policy in 1962. EU was
More informationThe African Smallholder Farmer s Perspective. Silas D. Hungwe President, Zimbabwe Farmers Union
The African Smallholder Farmer s Perspective Silas D. Hungwe President, Zimbabwe Farmers Union My comments will draw largely on the situation in Zimbabwe, a situation which is shared by countries not only
More informationThings people like and desire.
1 Wants 1 Things people like and desire. 2 Needs 2 Things you must have to live. 3 Scarcity 3 When there is not enough for all who want it. 4 Choice 4 To make a decision. 5 Goods 5 Things that can satisfy
More informationNorth-South Economic Relations: The Main Issues
September 29, 2009 North-South Economic Relations: The Main Issues The origins of inequality The role of international regimes in preserving or increasing that inequality The role of commodity and raw
More informationAgricultural Outlook Forum 2002 Presented: Friday, February 22, 2002 CHINA S ACCESSION TO WTO: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Agricultural Outlook Forum 2002 Presented: Friday, February 22, 2002 CHINA S ACCESSION TO WTO: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS Neilson Conklin 1 Director, Market and Trade Economics Division,
More informationSouthern Crops Outlook for 2014: U.S. Fruits and Vegetable outlook
Southern Crops Outlook for 2014: U.S. Fruits and Vegetable outlook 111 th Southern Agricultural Economics Association Conference Sheraton Dallas Hotel, Texas, February 1-4, 2014 Chief. Dr. Esendugue Greg
More informationUK Economy and Globalisation Revision Notes if you do one thing..
Trade Benefits All? UK Economy and Globalisation Revision Notes if you do one thing.. This unit is about globalisation and international trade there are both benefits and drawbacks of international trade:
More informationThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture (name redacted) Specialist in Agricultural Policy June 22, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-... www.crs.gov R44875 Summary The
More informationGross Domestic Product
Question 1: What is GDP? Answer 1: From a macroperspective, the broadest measure of economic activity is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP represents all the goods and services that are produced within
More informationTHIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 9/4/2014
More informationEU trade policy for mining and metals
JOINT STUDY GROUPS' SEMINAR EU trade policy for mining and metals Lisbon, 22.04.2015 Caroline Boeshertz, European Commission, DG Trade Outline Raw materials and trade global challenges The EU Trade policy
More informationPublic Policy Responses to the Food Security Challenges in East Asia: The Case of Malaysia
Public Policy Responses to the Food Security Challenges in East Asia: The Case of Malaysia Fatimah Mohamed Arshad Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies Institut Kajian Dasar Pertanian dan Makanan
More informationAgricultural Subsidies Remain a Staple in the Industrial World Grant Potter February 28, 2014
$ (in Millions) % of total Agriculture Agricultural Subsidies Remain a Staple in the Industrial World Grant Potter February 28, 2014 I n 2012, the most recent year with data, agricultural subsidies totaled
More informationAGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 26: U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
AGEC 429: AGRICULTURAL POLICY LECTURE 26: U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AGEC 429 Lecture #26 U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Basic Premise of Resource and Environmental
More informationUSDA s Perspective on Agricultural Transportation Priorities
Bruce Blanton Director, Transportation Services Division USDA s Perspective on Agricultural Transportation Priorities Ag Transportation Summit August 4, 2015 Rosemont, IL Why Are We At This Summit? Transportation
More informationAre Competitors Free Trade Agreements Putting U.S. Agricultural Exporters at a Disadvantage?
Are Competitors Free Trade Agreements Putting U.S. Agricultural Exporters at a Disadvantage? A M B E R WAV E S V O L U M E 9 I S S U E 2 8 Shutterstock E C O N O M I C R E S E A R C H S E R V I C E / U
More informationMarket Access Barriers in Agriculture and Options for Reform
Market Access Barriers in Agriculture and Options for Reform 6 Kym Anderson, Harry de Gorter and Will Martin Agricultural protection and subsidies account for about two-thirds of the trade distortion caused
More informationIndustries Without Smokestacks:
Industries Without Smokestacks: THE AGRO-PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN GHANA Nkechi Owoo Monica Lambon-Quayefio July 19-20,2016 Helsinki, Finland Outline Introduction Development of Agro-processing in Ghana and
More informationWomen in the Food Supply Chain. Maria Riley, OP Center of Concern
Women in the Food Supply Chain Maria Riley, OP Center of Concern Women in the Food Supply Chain Women and Agriculture Agriculture is central to women Women are central to agriculture As producers, processors,
More informationThe Estey Centre Journal of. International Law. and Trade Policy. Transformative Change in Agriculture: The Canadian Wheat Board
Volume 6 Number 2 2005/p.95-107 esteyjournal.com The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy Transformative Change in Agriculture: The Canadian Wheat Board W. H. Furtan Department of
More informationImpact of China s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets
Impact of China s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets Jim Hansen, Francis Tuan, Agapi Somwaru, and Ralph Seeley United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,
More informationEOCT Test Semester 2 final
EOCT Test Semester 2 final 1. The best definition of Economics is a. The study of how individuals spend their money b. The study of resources and government c. The study of the allocation of scarce resources
More informationSummary and Explanation of the U.S.-Canada Lumber Dispute. Dumping: the sale of goods to another country at less than what they cost to produce.
Definitions Summary and Explanation of the U.S.-Canada Lumber Dispute Stumpage: the price charged by a land owner to companies or operators for the right to harvest timber on that land. Stumpage used to
More informationImpact of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture Sector in East Asia
Impact of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture Sector in East Asia Tha Pye Nyo Abstract Since the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), agricultural trade liberalization has
More informationCommodity Program Reform and the Structure of U.S. Agriculture
CARD Working Papers CARD Reports and Working Papers 7-1989 Commodity Program Reform and the Structure of U.S. Agriculture William H. Meyers owa State University Patrick C. Westhoff owa State University
More informationINCEPTION REPORT FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR STUDY
SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED WTO NEGOTIATIONS INCEPTION REPORT FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR STUDY Prepared by Oliver Morrissey, Dirk Willem te Velde and Ian Gillson ODI, London, UK In association
More informationAGRICULTURAL TRADE AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC GROUP OF STATES AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION NEGOTIATIONS
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC GROUP OF STATES AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION NEGOTIATIONS U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E
More informationChina s Agricultural Development and Implications for California Agriculture
China s Agricultural Development and Implications for California Agriculture David Roland-Holst Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics College of Natural Resources UC Berkeley dwrh@berkeley.edu
More informationPhilippine Agricultural and Food Policies: Implications on Poverty and Income Distribution
Philippine Agricultural and Food Policies: Implications on Poverty and Income Distribution Caesar B. Cororaton (Virginia Tech) Erwin L. Corong (IFPRI) Presented at the Annual Meeting of International Agricultural
More informationCommodity Value Enhancement Fund Analysis
Commodity Value Enhancement Fund Analysis AFPC Issue Paper 01-2 Abner W. Womack Edward G. Smith Agricultural and Food Policy Center Department of Agricultural Economics Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
More informationNon-Tariff Measures and Agricultural Trade
Non-Tariff Measures and Agricultural Trade Midwest Agriculture s Ties to the Global Economy Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago November 28 th 2017 Chicago, IL Peyton Ferrier, Economic Research Service-USDA
More informationTPP NEW ZEALAND. goods market access
CANADA JAPAN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MEXICO VIET NAM BRUNEI MALAYSIA SINGAPORE PERU AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND CHILE trans-pacific partnership goods market access FACT SHEET Overview The Trans-Pacific Partnership
More informationProceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXIII December 3-5, 2013 Rapid City, South Dakota OPPORTUNITIES AND OBSTACLES FOR BREEDING CATTLE EXPORTS
Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXIII December 3-5, 2013 Rapid City, South Dakota OPPORTUNITIES AND OBSTACLES FOR BREEDING CATTLE EXPORTS Tony Clayton, President Clayton Agri-Marketing, Inc.
More informationWORLD AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
WORLD AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FEBRUARY 21 FAPRI Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY AMES, IOWA 511-17 TELEPHONE: 515.294.7519
More informationTrade Liberalization and Turkish. Agriculture
1 Trade Liberalization and Turkish Agriculture Erol H. Cakmak Department of Economics Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara CAL-MED April 26-27, 27, 2007 - Barcelona 2/20 Background (Trade and
More informationTRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE: PREDICTED VS. REALIZED. Draft for comments By Chantal Line Carpentier
Thursday, December 20, 2001 TRADE LIBERALIZATION IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE: PREDICTED VS. REALIZED Draft for comments By Chantal Line Carpentier Environment, Economy and Trade, CEC This report reviews the
More informationU.S. Dairy at a New Crossroads in a Global Setting
U.S. Dairy at a New Crossroads in a Global Setting VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5 32 Don P. Blayney dblayney@ers.usda.gov Mark J. Gehlhar mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov Domestic dairy industries and markets worldwide are often
More information