"Animal breeding and national animal products from a genomic point of view"

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1 "Animal breeding and national animal products from a genomic point of view" Anagnostis Argiriou Researcher Institute of Applied Biosciences CERTH

2 Innovation drivers Environmental Economic Social Technology Policy

3 Genetics- Genomics

4 Cost of Sequencing 2/4/2015

5 Sequenced Genomes

6 ΚΑΛΟΣ ΚΑΚΟΣ ΩΡΑΙΑ ΠΑΝΩΡΑΙΑ Καλoς M M M Καλος M M M

7 METAGENOMICS

8 Gut Microbiome

9 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centers Can I genetically select dairy cows based on their emission of methane? Is it possible by measuring gene activity to find out whether chicken have good gut health? How do we store genetic material for future generations best?

to understand the impact of genetics on milk production,

10 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarrays Bovine and Ovine Genotyping BeadChip The BovineLD BeadChip enables accurate genotyping to understand the impact of genetics on milk production, reproduction, health 80,000 custom markers for bovine 42,000 custom markers for ovine

11 Agri-Food Chain Agri-Supplies Agri-Supplies Primary production Primary production Transformation Transformation Trade Trade Consumption Consumption Seeds Fertilizers Pesticides Breeds Genetic improvement Seeds Fertilizers Pesticides Breeds Genetic improvement Agriculture methods Technologies Precise agriculture Agriculture methods Technologies Precise agriculture Harvesting Transformatio n Conservation Packaging Energy consumption Waste Quality control Traceabilty Harvesting Transformatio n Conservation Packaging Energy consumption Waste Quality control Traceabilty Marketing services Branding Logistics Traceability Marketing services Branding Logistics Traceability Consumer needs Tourism Restauration Quality control Traceability Consumer needs Tourism Restauration Quality control Traceability

12 Domestication of Animals Domestication was done in different areas in different periods First time in Mesopotamia ( b.p.) First domesticated species: sheep and goats ( b.p.) Followed pigs ( b.p.) and cattle ( b.p.).

13 Expansion of Animal domestication

14 Animals in the Neolithic period in Greece Τaurus primegenius ή Bos primigenius

15 The Animal Husbandry in Bronze and Iron Age

16 Autochthonous Animals in Greece

17 Autochthonous Animals Species Registered/referred races Cattle 36 Buffalo 1 Chicken 13 Donkeys 4 Goats 39 Horses 20 Pigs 6 Sheep 46

18 What happened the last 60 year in Greece

22 The Example of Greek Black Pig Michailidou et al Genet. Mol. Res. 13 (2): (2014)

23 Greek Black Pig

24 Promotion

MC1R (melanocortin receptor type 1) - 1 San

Euros/Kg 100 100 90 90 Normalised Fluorescence

50 40 40 Hybrid Pigs White Pigs Black Pigs 30

0 92.5 93.0 93.5 94.0 94.5 95.0 89.5 90.0 90.

25 MC1R (melanocortin receptor type 1) - 1 San Daniele 30 Euros/Kg Pata Negra Bellota 150 Euros/Kg Normalised Fluorescence Normalised Fluorescence Hybrid Pigs White Pigs Black Pigs deg deg.

26 DNA Traceability

27 DNA certified products of animal and plant origin Unique «DNA signature» Protection form adulteration and fraudulent actions Could protect the added valued of PDO and PGI products Protection of the investment made from the stakeholders Some Examples: Mozzarela di buffala, Feta Cheese, Greek Black Pig, Fava Santorinis etc.

28 Greek Feta Cheese + Only Sheep and Goat milk + Max goat milk to 30% - It is prohibited to manufacture Feta Cheese from other type of milk.

29 high-throughput sequencing technologies to certify cheeses

30 Microbial diversity of traditional cheeses Fungi 14 genera 21 species Yeast 13% 10 genera 35 species 8% Bacteria 79% 68 genera 237 species Stenotrophomonas Acinetobacter St-Nectaire Vibrio litoralis Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis Serratia Raoultella planticola Psychrobacter 17% Acinetobacter johnsonii Alcaligenes Brevundimonas diminuta Citrobacter Enterobacter hormaechei Escherichia coli Hafnia alvei Halomonas Sphingobacterium Serratia rubideae Raoultella planticola Pseudomonas Pantoea agglomerans Ochrobacterum sp. Chryseobacterium Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter Klebsiella Pseudomonas. Pseudoalteromonas Providencia Proteus 23% Klebsiella oxytoca Kluyvera intermedia Marinomonas sp. nov. Morganella Livarot, Munster (Surface) Ref: MC Montel, ANR GRAMME

31 Greek PDO Cheeses

33 Σας Ευχαριστώ Δρ. Αργυρίου Αναγνώστης Ερευνητής Ινστιτούτου Εφαρμοσμένων Βιοεπιστημών ΕΚΕΤΑ Τηλ

Innovation in the Greek Agri-Food Sector INAB CERTH. Kostas Stamatopoulos INAB CERTH

Innovation in the Greek Agri-Food Sector INAB CERTH Kostas Stamatopoulos INAB CERTH CERTH Center for Research and Technology Hellas The flagship research center in Northern Greece, one of the largest in