Projekt Baltic Manure Kas sõnnik on probleem või võimalus?
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1 Projekt Baltic Manure Kas sõnnik on probleem või võimalus? Alar Astover Argo Normak, Allan Kaasik, Sirli Pehme Veefoorum
2 Sõnnik Mis emotsioone see sõna tekitab? 2
3 Probleem Lämmastiku kontsentratsioon (allikas: Helcom web) Fosfori kontsentratsioon (allikas: Helcom web) The agricultural sector accounts for slightly more than one-half of the total load of nitrogen and one-third of the total load of phosphorus. Gren et al Environmental and Resource Economics 3
4 Loomühiku koormus hektari kohta Eestis ja Euroopas LÜ/ha 3 Eurostat, ,5 2 1, ,5 0 4
5 Carl Robert Jakobsoni õpetus Sõnnik on põllumehe kuld Sõnnik ja virts on põldude viljakuse alus Uued võimalused ja lisaväärtuse andmine 5
6 Partnerid Kogu projekti eelarve: 3.7 million Periood Finnish Environment Institute MTT Agrifood Research Finland (Lead) JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering LTC AB/Enterprise Europe Network Agro Business Park A/S University of Southern Denmark University of Rostock Innovation and Education Centre Hohen Luckow IBZ, German Biogas Association Turku Science Park Ltd Green Federation GAJA University of Helsinki Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture Estonian University of Life Sciences Latvia University of Agriculture Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry University of Gdansk, Pomcert Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants 6
7 Tööpaketid 7
8 WP1 Projektijuhtimine WP3 Sõnnikukäitlus WP7 Ärilised uuendused Ettevõtlus WP6 Sõnniku energiapotentsiaal WP4 Sõnniku standardiseerimine WP5 Säästlikkus(LCA) WP2 Kommunikatsioon Teadmised Poliitika 8
9 WP3: Innovatiivsed tehnoloogiad põllumajandusloomade pidamisel ja söötmisel, sõnniku ladustamisel, töötlemisel ja laotamisel (Allan Kaasik) WP3 eesmärgid (1) 1) Kaardistada kasutusel olevad innovatiivsed ja majanduslikult jätkusuutlikud sõnniku käitlemise ja töötlemise tehnoloogiad suurtes Läänemere regiooni farmides. Eesti kontekstis eeskätt sõnniku käitlemise tehnoloogiad * uute, keskkonnanõuetele vastavate vedelsõnniku hoidlate rajamine, kaasaaegsete laotamistehnoloogiate kasutamine (lohisvoolik-, injektorlaoturid). * sõnniku töötlemine on Eesti kontekstis marginaalne, kuna pole veel majanduslikult otstarbekas. Erandiks biogaasi tootmine sigade vedelsõnnikust Saaremaal Jööri jaamas.
10 WP3 eesmärgid (2) 2) Kaardistada põhjused (kitsaskohad), mis takistavad innovatiivsete ja keskkonnasõbralike tehnoloogiate kasutuselevõttu ning rakendamist. Eesti kontekstis: Sõnniku käitlemise, ladustamise ja laotamise osas jätkuvalt suur investeeringute vajadus uue tehnoloogia rakendamisel ja soetamisel (sõnnikuhoidlate ehitamine, tehnika ostmine). On olemas majanduslikud (toetuste süsteem) ja seadusandlikud hoovad (seadused, määrused saasteainete keskkonda viimise piiramiseks). Sõnniku töötlemise puudumise peamine põhjus on majanduslik ebaefektiivsus. Kuni puudub riiklikul tasemel toetuste süsteem ei ole ka selliste tehnoloogiate rakendamisel perspektiivi. 10
11 WP3 eesmärgid (3) 3) Sõnniku keemilise koostise ja füüsikaliste omaduste määramine (vastava andmebaasi loomine ja täiendamine) tehnoloogilise tsükli (laut, hoidla, töötlemine, laotamine) eri etappidel. 11
12 WP3 eesmärgid (4) 4) Selgitada söötmise (söödaratsiooni koostise) ning sõnniku fosforisisalduse vahelisi seoseid. Eesti kontekstis: Veised. Põhisöötade fosforisisaldus ja selle seeduvus. Kõrge seeduvusega fosforiühendite kasutamine mineraalsöötades. Sead ja linnud. Põhisöötade fosforisisaldus. Kõrge seeduvusega fosforiühendite kasutamine mineraalsöötades. 12
13 WP 4: Sõnnikutüüpide standardiseerimine pearõhuga fosforil (Alar Astover) Erinevate sõnnikutüüpide väärtus väetisena Muldade fosforiseisund Sõnnikustandardid optimeeritud väetamiseks 13
14 Loomühikute regionaalne jaotus aastal 14
15 Loomühikute koormus põllumajandusmaa kohta 15
16 Loomühikute koormus põllumajandusmaa kohta Eestis, LÜ/ha 1 0,9 0,8 0,87 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,62 0,59 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,42 0,43 0,4 0,34 0,33 0,32 0,28 0,3 0,32 0,2 0,1 0 Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land Source: Alar Astover 16
17 120 Mineraal- ja orgaaniliste väetiste kasutamine Eestis alates a kg ha t ha N P K Sõnnik / organic fertilizers
18 Põllumaa fosfori bilanss Kesk- ja Ida- Euroopa riikides Allikas: Csatho et al 2007, Agriculture as a source of phosphorus causing eutrophication in Central and Eastern Europe. Soil Use and Management
19 Mulla fosfori bilanss Eestis OECD metoodika alusel P, kg/ha Input - manure Input - mineral Removal with crops
20 Eesti põllumuldade taimedele omastatava fosfori sisalduse tase (P. Penu andmetel) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% very high high medium low very low 20% 10% 0% DL-meetod Mehlich-3 20
21 Miks lehm sööb jänest? Allikas: Wallis de Vries,
22 WP 5: Sõnnikutehnoloogia ahelate jätkusuutlikkuse hindamine (Sirli Pehme) Eesmärgiks on: selgitada välja, millised on erinevate sõnnikukäitlemisviiside keskkonnamõjud läbi olelusringi (LCA Life Cycle Assessment); kujundada Läänemere riikides ühine platvorm sõnnikukäitlustehnoloogiate keskkonnamõjude hindamiseks läbi olelusringi. 22
23 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ehk elutsükli analüüs ehk olelusringi hindamine: On tegevusraamistik, mis analüüsib ja hindab toote või teenuse keskkonnamõjusid kogu olelusringi kestel (alates toormest kuni jäätmete kõrvaldamiseni) ehk hällist hauani põhimõttel. 23
24 WP 5: uuritakse sõnnikukäitlemise järgmiste etappide keskkonnamõjusid Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud Sööt ja söötmissüsteemid Loomapidamine ning sõnnikukäitlussüsteemid loomapidamishoonetes Sõnnikukäitlussüsteemid väljaspool hoonet Sõnniku kasutamine põllul Muutused teistes (külgnevates) süsteemides nt söödatootmine Muutused teistes (külgnevates) süsteemides nt energiatootmine Muutused teistes (külgnevates) süsteemides nt energiatootmine Muutused teistes (külgnevates) süsteemides nt väetiste tootmine, mullaviljakus Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud Keskkonnamõjud 24
25 WP 5 Eestis keskendutakse veistele: piimakari (läga) noorkari (läga) 25
26 WP6 Sõnniku energiapotentsiaal (Argo Normak) Eesmärgid: Erinevate sõnnikutüüpide energiapotentsiaali hindamine Balti mere piirkonnas kaasaegsete muundamisahelate rakendamisel Põhifookuses on biogaasi tehnoloogia rakendamine, aga vaadeldakse ka teisi võimalusi photo: EnviTec Biogas AG 26
27 WP6 Sõnniku energiapotentsiaal Oodatavad tulemused: Ülevaade energiatehnoloogiatest erinevat liiki sõnnikute väärindamiseks (nt biogaas, tuhastamine, gaasistamine) Tehnoloogiliste ahelate defineerimine, kulude ja kaasnevate mõjude hinnangud 27
28 WP7 Ärilised uuendused Määratleda ja analüüsida sõnnikutehnoloogiate ärilist potentsiaali, nt energia tootmisel Edendada sõnnikutehnoloogiaga seotud ärilisi uuendusi Korraldada üritusi ettevõtetele tehnoloogia tutvustamiseks 28
29 Eesolevad üritused A Greener Agriculture for a Bluer Baltic Sea Date: 02 November November 2011 Place: Sänga-Säby, Stockholm, Sweden Contact name: Knud TybirkContact kt@agropark.dk Multiple purposes of manure - nutrients and energy Date: 07 November 2011 Place: Lieto town hall, Valtuustosali, Kirkkotie 13, Lieto, Finland NJF seminar Utilisation of manure and other residues as fertilizers November 2011 Sweden 29
30 Tänan tähelepanu eest! Meie kontaktid: 10
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