Techno-economical biogas potential from manure and business opportunities

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1 JTI Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Techno-economical biogas potential from manure and business opportunities

2 JTI is Part of the SP-group Parent company SP and ten affiliated companies: JTI, SIK, CBI, Glafo, SMP, SP Process Development, SP Processum, Asta AB, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden and SP Fire Research. Over employees Turnover of 1,3 billion SEK

3 Baltic Manure: 18 partners in Baltic Sea Region Total project budget: 3.7 million (partly financed by EU) Duration Finnish Environment Institute University of Helsinki JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering LTC AB/Enterprise Europe Network Agro Business Park A/S Aarhus University University of Southern Denmark University of Rostock Innovation and Education Centre Hohen Luckow IBZ, German Biogas Association Green Federation GAJA MTT Agrifood Research Finland (Leader) Turku Science Park Ltd Estonian University of Life Sciences Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture Latvia University of Agriculture Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry University of Gdansk, Pomcert Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants 6

4 Manure can generate more benefits! Produce more renewable energy. Fertilize larger arable land areas. Create business opportunities.

5 Manure composition Liquid manure, dairy cow. Chicken manure Deep litter manure DM % of wet weight N-total 3 30 Ca 7 Kg/ton P Ca 2 Kg/ton Methane Approx. 12 Approx. 127 Approx. 44 Nm 3 /ton Comments CSTR CSTR CSTR CSTR: Approx. methane production in a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

6 Method, estimate biogas potential from manure in Sweden Step 1: Gross potential Statistics, number of animal Manure composition based on data from animal database STANK + standard amounts of bedding material Manure leaving stable (no rain water, no storage losses) Step 2: Techno-Economical Potential (TEP) More than 100 animal units, cattle and pigs Exclude manure during pasture period All poultry manure All manure from horse farms size < 2 ha..

7 Biogas potential from manure in Baltic Sea Region (= BSR) Manure potential in BSR: Gross: TWh biogas/yr TEP: TWh biogas/yr Comparison (2010) Tot. energy use BSR: 6800 TWh/år, (880 TWh/yr renewable) Biogas based power production in all Germany 14 TWh/yr A) Germany in BSR = only 2 federal states: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern & Schleswig Holstein B) Source: Luostarinen et. al 2013:1

8 Solid manure share of TEP in BSR Solid manure in Swedish TEP: 34% of weight 56% of biogas potential 41-44% of NPK Source: Luostarinen et. al, 2013.

9 Biogas potential from manure in Estimated gross amount manure: 22 million tons/yr 3,4 7,0 TWh biogas/yr 104k tons N + 23k tons P Estimated TEP amount manure: 8 million tons/år 1,3 2,8 TWh biogas/yr (38% of gross) 41k tons N, 11k tons P Comparison Sweden 0,3-0,4 million tons manure/yr is digested in Sweden (in BSR fully 4 millions tons/yr) Mineral fertilizer use, Sweden (2009): 156k tons N, 10k tons P) Källa: Luostarinen et. al, 2013.

10 Manure distribution in TEP

11 Business opportunities digesting TEP in Sweden At least 1.4 millions m 3 of NEW digester vol. incl. post digesters 2.7 millions m 3 of NEW storage capacity for digested manure Disintegration capacity for approx. 2 million tons of solid manure/yr. Equipment using TWh biogas Approx. 500 new jobs just for plant operation incl. transports Farm scale Large manure digest. plants Co-digestion plants Total Unit Biogas plants Pieces Average size, main digester m 3 digester vol./plant Investment million Euro Value of biogas million Euro/yr Source: Luostarinen et. al 2013:2.

12 Example 1, solid manure digestion Co-digestion of chicken manure and cattle manure in lab.-scale. 70% of the biogas comes from chicken manure. High NH 4 -N in digester! inhibition at NH 4 -N > 4 g/l 3 years experiences. Co-operation with SLU- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

13 Example 2, solid manure digestion Co-digestion of solid manure from chicken/cattle/horse together with liquid cattle manure at farm scale plant Sötåsen 60% of the biogas comes from solid manure. Approx. 2 times more NH 4 -N in digested slurry! Co-operation with Swedish Rural Economy and Agricultural Societies (Hushållningssällskapet)

14 Smaller and larger stones and metals in deep litter

15 Future challenges Development of robust cost effective digestion system for deep litter manure. Source separation of manure and adjust stable to achieve best possible feedstock for digestion. Improve co-digestion of solid and liquid manure: o Increase specific methane production. o Increase the mineralisation from org-n to NH4-N during digestion. Improve the efficiency of biogas use at farm scale plants. Minimise methane emissions from storage of digestate.

16 Conclusions The techno-economical biogas potential from manure in BSRcountries is TWh/yr; Sweden contributes with ~ 8%. Solid manure contributes with average 74 % to the technoeconomical biogas potential in BSR (54% in Sweden). Solid manure contains ~ 40% of gross amount of plant nutrients in all types of manure. Technology has to be developed facilitating cost effective digestion of solid manure. Manure have a large economical potential for the future biogas market

17 Thank you! Mats Edström Tfn: E-post: