Housing Systems for Pigs Farm Standards

Transcription

1 Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture Housing Systems for Pigs Farm Standards European Union

2 Title: Housing Systems for Pigs, Farm Standards Componen Leaders: Andrzej Myczko, IBMER Niels H. Lundgaard, DAAS Senior Project Officer: Kazimierz Zmuda, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Poland Project Leaders: Waclaw Romaniuk, IBMER and Tormod Overby, DAAS Translation: Tomasz Luczynski, IBMER Illustrations: Anna Dorte Hansen and Niels Peder Nicolajsen, DAAS Layout: Gitte Bomholt Christensen, DAAS Photo: IBMER and DAAS Printed by: DAAS Copies printed: 100 Danish ISBN: The handbook also appears in a Polish version, ISBN Publisher: MARD ul.wspolna Warsaw Poland phone Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture Ul. Rakowiecka Warsaw Poland phone IBMER - Poznan Branch ul. Biskupinska Poznan Poland phone Danish Agricultural Advisory Service Udkaersvej 15, Skejby 8200 Aarhus N Denmark phone First edition July 2004 Copyrigth by Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture All rights reserved

3 Housing Systems for Pigs Farm Standards Publication prepared and published with financial support from the European Union. This publication reflects the point of view of the implementing organisations and does not necessarily represent the official position of the EU.

4 Team of Polish authors: Professor Andrzej Myczko, PhD Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture, Poznan, Poland Eng. Kamila Kreis Tomczak, PhD Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture, Poznan, Poland Eng. Lech Nawrocki, PhD Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture, Poznan, Poland Team of Danish authors: Senior Adviser, Niels H. Lundgaard, MSc Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre, Building and Technique Adviser, Niels Sunesen, PhD Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre, International Department Adviser, Jørgen Pedersen, MSc Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre, Building and Technique Adviser, Eng. Henrik Frederiksen, MSc Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre, Building and Technique Senior Adviser, Kræn Ole Brikkjaer, MA Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre, Building and Technique Senior Researcher, Svend Morsing, PhD Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center Bygholm When referring to the handbook the following literature reference must be stated: Housing Systems for Pigs. Farm Standards. Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture, Poland and Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, Denmark. First edition pp. 4

5 Preface This handbook gives an extensive presentation of recommendations for design, building and construction of modern housing systems for pig production. In the handbook the newest findings from international recommendations are combined with legal requirements as well as experience from practical farming. All presented recommendations will therefore fulfil the EU requirements on animal welfare, hygiene and environmental issues. EU and the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development within a Phare Twinning Project Farm Standards have funded elaboration of the handbook. The elaboration has taken place in close co-operation between Polish Experts from Institute of Building, Mechanisation and Electrification (IBMER) and Danish Experts from The Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, National Centre (DAAS). More than 25 persons have contributed to the elaboration and finalising of this book: Polish and Danish experts, editors, administrative staff, interpreters and translators. It is not possible to mention all the names, but without their help the preparation of this publication would be impossible. However, special thanks go to Tomasz Luczynski, who translated the materials. His input significantly helped with the elaboration of this publication. The materials were elaborated during 2003 and finalised by the end of the year. We realise that over the years to come, both Polish and EU legislation is bound to grow and change. Hence the user of the handbook has to be aware of later changes in the legislation. Due to climate differences in Poland, requirements as to buildings vary between different regions. The handbook can therefore be used as an inspiration and guide in the planning phase. Farmers planning individual constructions have to consult the relevant advisers and experts in order to check that the regional requirements as well as the newest legislation are fulfilled. The objective of the Farm Standards project is to elaborate recommendations for housing systems for cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep and horses as well as storage facilities for fodder and manure. The proposed recommendations fulfil all EU requirements and also make it possible for the farmers to run an efficient and profitable production. The other materials developed within the project will be published during the spring of Elaborated in addition to this handbook has been a construction example handbook, which shows how the recommendations presented in this handbook can be implemented in different production systems. I would advise the readers to use the construction example handbook as a supplement. Questions to the handbook and suggestions of improvement for the next edition can be directed at the authors. The handbook may be quoted with indication of sources. July 2004 Henry Joergensen PAA 5

6 Contents Introduction Legal requirements Introduction EU animal welfare legislation EU legislation on environment protection Behaviour Introduction Dry and pregnant sows Lactating sows and piglets Weaners Finishers Health protection Introduction External health protection Internal health protection Eliminating the risk of enzootic diseases Dimensions Introduction Animal dimensions Requirements for the work environment Work safety Climate and energy Introduction Microclimate Technical equipment for ventilation and heating Emergency ventilation and alarm systems Lighting 5.6 Energy consumption and savings Heat recovery systems Limitation of environmental impact Introduction Emissions of gases from pig production Basic methods of reducing emissions Technical equipment Introduction Pen systems Feeding Techniques Drinking water Cleaning and disinfection

7 7.6 Supply of litter Removal of solid manure Removal of liquid manure Delivery and loading facilities Building materials, design and installations Introduction Building materials Types of structures Building location and design Installations Literature

8 Introduction The handbook has been written by a working group consisting of Polish and Danish experts in the fields of research, education and advisory service. The handbook is based on EU legislation, international research and practical experience The handbook can be used by different persons for different purposes. Some examples are given in the following. Housing system, equipment and technical aid developers within pig production can use the handbooks as source of information on basic requirements for individual functions, hereunder motivation and justification for carrying out product control. Moreover, they will be provided with professionally supported arguments in a future marketing of new solutions and methods in the field. Politicians and interest groups may use the handbook as reference in dealing with ethical and animal protection dialogues as well as environmental protection issues at the national and international level. Advisers can use the handbook as a reference guide and source of inspiration and documentation in the process of planning and elaboration of the base for decisions of pig producers who consider or plan new production facilities Pig producers can state clearly and find support for their requirements, and on this basis control the function in established as well as planned production systems (functional study in connection with quality management). Lecturers and students may use the handbook as reference in connection with lectures at schools as well as universities in general. Structure and contents of the handbook The handbook comprises 8 chapters. Each chapter provides recommendations for housing design on the basis of the animal needs and requirements concerning behaviour, health and other practical matters. The recommendations cover conditions of direct relevance to the animals and / or conditions of directly applicable value, and to a smaller extent also the choice of materials and design etc. In addition, there is a literature list with sources as well as supplementary literature. The first chapter describes the relevant EU directives concerning animal welfare and environmental protection. The next five chapters describe the behaviour of pigs, health protection, dimensions of the animals and the working environment, housing climate and energy consumption, and finally limitation of environmental impact. The issues described in these chapters can be treated as the basic knowledge that is always relevant in the process of planning new housing systems for pig production. 9

9 Especially the behaviour of the sows should be taken into consideration when designing housing systems for group housing of pregnant sows. Ranking fights during the formation of the group cannot and should not be prevented. However, from the viewpoint of both welfare and economy, the design and layout of the pen should prevent or reduce injuries of the animals to the minimum. Chapter 7 describes the different technical parts of the production system, including pen systems, feeding techniques, water supply, cleaning and disinfection, supply of bedding, manure removal and delivery and loading facilities. Each of the subjects is described in details for housing systems for dry and pregnant sows, lactating sows, weaners and finishers. Chapter 8 describes the general recommendations for building materials and constructions, the layout of livestock buildings with a view to future expansion, the design of buildings and finally landscape planning. For many designs, layouts and details, only very little scientific research has been carried out, if at all. In these cases the recommendations are based on practical experiences. The known housing systems, equipment parts etc., which the working group decided not to recommend, are either not included in the handbook or the reader is advised not to use them. No matter how a housing system is designed, physical injuries may occur, as e.g. injuries caused by ranking fights. However, an appropriate choice of design reduces this risk. Indication of dimensions for building and equipment parts The indicated dimensions concerning the distances between different parts of equipment, as e.g. the width of pens, refer to free space between the equipment and/or walls. 10