From Prehistory to end of River Valley Civilization Era. Chapters 1-3

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1 From Prehistory to end of River Valley Civilization Era Chapters 1-3

2 Use the Rule of Three when reading your book Read your book three times BEFORE taking a quiz or test. 1. Quick Glance - Skim through important sections 2. Slow Reading - Read carefully and do written work 3. Review - Reread only the important sections that were discussed in class and review your classroom notes on the same topics.

3 Let s do Step 1 1. Quick Glance - Skim through important sections 1-2 on board means Chapter 1 Section 2 Also look at:

4 EESPRITE E = Era - years - century - period E = Environment - region - country S = Social developments P = political developments - government R = Religious beliefs I = Ideologies they believe in T = Technology developed E = Economic activities

5 Before Agriculture: nomads hunter-gatherers also called foragers Write down definitions

6 Neolithic Revolution circa 8,000 B.C.E. Man discovers how to: farm domesticate animals but not all changed to farming 2-1

7 Big Change: Farming Villages developed into... Civilizations 1 3 vocab: civilization specialization scribes cuneiform Bronze Age ziggurat

8 Where did it happen? River Valley Civilizations go to page 27

9 skim first then read Mesopotamia E = BCE 2-1 E = Middle East (Fertile Crescent) follow order in book Tigris and Euphrates River unpredictable flooding of river combined with periods of little or no rain; crossroads of civilization; limited natural resources S = rulers, priests, nobles = landowners artisans, merchants, landless peasants, Slaves; women could: work as merchants, farmers, or artisans P = Decentralized city-states: Sumer, Babylon kings - not divine supported by priests Hammurabi s Code of Law-first written laws Important Vocabulary: Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia city-state dynasty cultural diffusion polytheism empire Hammurabi Hammurabi s Code of Law

priests Important Vocabulary: Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia city-state dynasty cultural diffusion polytheism empire

10 skim first then read Mesopotamia 2-1 follow order in book R = Polytheistic Beliefs storm-god most powerful Epic of Gilgamesh reveals gloomy and dark afterlife human king seen as an intermediary between gods and humans ziggurats priests Important Vocabulary: Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia city-state dynasty cultural diffusion polytheism empire Hammurabi Hammurabi s Code of Law I = Hammurabi s Code of Law, Sumerian Science and Technology: arithmetic and geometry,

11 skim first then read Mesopotamia 2-1 follow order in book T = architectural innovations (arches, columns, ramps, pyramid (ziggarat); system of writing (cuneiform) E = Middle East Tigris and Euphrates River unpredictable flooding of river crossroads of civilization Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia city-state dynasty cultural diffusion polytheism empire Hammurabi Hammurabi s Code of Law Important Vocabulary:

EESPRITE-ing Mesopotamia Era: 3,500-300 B.C.E. Government: Decentralized city-states: Sumer, Babylon kings

River unpredictable flooding of river crossroads of civilization Polytheistic Beliefs storm-god most

gods and humans ziggurats priests Economy: Middle East Tigris and Euphrates River unpredictable flooding

12 EESPRITE-ing Mesopotamia Era: 3, B.C.E. Government: Decentralized city-states: Sumer, Babylon kings - not divine supported by priests Hammurabi s Code of Law Environment: Middle East Tigris and Euphrates River unpredictable flooding of river crossroads of civilization Polytheistic Beliefs storm-god most powerful Epic of Gilgamesh reveals gloomy and dark afterlife human king seen as an intermediary between gods and humans ziggurats priests Economy: Middle East Tigris and Euphrates River unpredictable flooding of river crossroads of civilization rulers, priests, nobles = landowners artisans, merchants landless peasants slaves

13 skim first then read E = bc Egypt 2-2 Important Vocabulary: pharaoh theocracy pyramid mummification deity Book of the Dead hieroglyphics papyrus E = along the Nile River; dry parched desert land with distant mountains, plateaus, and lakes S = women have many rights as men; slaves; four classes- royal family; upper class; middle class; lower class (largest of classes) P = pharaohs considered gods on earth; stood at the center of religion, government, and army

14 skim first then read 2-2 Egypt Important Vocabulary: pharaoh theocracy pyramid mummification deity Book of the Dead hieroglyphics papyrus R = polytheistic; god Re (sun god); Osiris (god of death); Anubis (guide of underworld); believed in mummification; believed in after life I = developed form of writing (hieroglyphics); T = papyrus (paper-like substance for writing; medicine; calendar; pyramids; writing numbers for counting, adding, and subtracting (for taxes) E = collected taxes; armies; priesthoods

15 2-3 Indus River Valley Civ. E = b.c. important vocabulary: subcontinent monsoons Harappan civilization E = India; along Indus and Ganges Rivers; deserts, tall mountains, fertile plains; monsoons dominate India s climate; yearly flooding spread rich soil, but are unpredictable; river sometimes change course; monsoon winds are unpredictable; large land mass S = diverse languages (not as yet deciphered by scientists) P = government may have been a theocracy

16 2-3 Indus River Valley Civ. R = Hindu god Shiva; worshipped a bull; priest prayed for good harvest and safety from floods. I = planned cities (grid system) capital cities of Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro; developed a written language; schools T = plumbing and sewage systems (Mohenjo-Daro) E = link to the sea for trade regionally and distant (gold, silver, jewelry, cotton cloth) important vocabulary: subcontinent monsoons Harappan civilization

17 2-4 E = B.C. China Important vocabulary: loess Shang Dynasty oracle bones dynastic cycle Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven feudalism Warring States Era E = isolated by natural barriers caused Chinese to believe that it was the the center of the civilized world; early settlers had to supply their own goods due to the isolation; Yellow River (Huang He); fertile soil (loess); could have disastrous floods; 10% of the land suitable for farming; S = dynastic cycle; family central to Chinese society; elder men controlled property and made important decisions; women-treated as inferiors (expected to obey all males even young boys); social classes: ruling warrior-nobles (land owners) and peasants. P = dynastic cycle; Shang Dynasty: first family of Chinese rulers to leave written records; dynastic cycle of rule as dictated by the Mandate of Heaven (vocabulary);

18 China 2-4 R = family closely linked to religion; did not regard spirits as mighty gods; consulted gods through spirits of ancestors; Shang kings use oracle bones to ask questions of the gods I = writing system that people all over China could learn regardless of language; feudalism (look at vocabulary list); Important vocabulary: loess Shang Dynasty oracle bones dynastic cycle Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven feudalism Warring States Era T = Zhou Dynasty: roads and canals for trade and agriculture; blast furnaces for production of cast iron for weapons (daggers, axes, swords; sickles, knives, spades for farming; coined money E = agriculture

19 3-1 E = B.C. E = Indus River Valley; Indus River Valley - Aryan migration Important Vocabulary: Indo-Europeans steppes migrations ( explain push-pull factor) Aryans Vedas Brahmins castes Mahabharata S = Indo-Europeans a group of nomadic peoples from steppes of the Caucasus Mountain regions; Indo-European language-aryans are an Indo- European group that migrated to the Indus River Valley of India. Aryans were organized into four groups based on occupation: Brahmins (priests), warriors, traders and landowners, and peasants or traders; group determined life in society. P =

20 3-1 Indus River Valley - Aryan migration R = Vedas (four collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. I = Vedas (sacred literature); Caste System; Mahabharata (great epic of India) T = tames horses; rode into battle in two-wheeled chariots; E = pastoral: herded sheep, cattle, and goats Important Vocabulary: Indo- Europeans steppes migrations ( explain push-pull factor) Aryans Vedas Brahmins castes Mahabharata

21 Phoenicians 3-3 Important E =1100 B.C. E = in area known as Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea. S = Vocabulary: Minoans Aegean Sea Knossos King Minos Phoenicians P = never united into a country; founded a number of wealthy city-states that sometimes competed with one another R = I = alphabet (was spread around to others through trade) it made learning more accessible to more people T = round boat a ship that was very wide and had a rounded bottom (for cargo storage E = trade (trading center cities: Byblos, Tyre, Sidon); shipbuilders, seafarers (first to venture beyond the Strait of Gibraltar); set up trading posts

22 Monuments and sculpture of Early Civilizations ziggurats streets, roads, sewage and water systems pyramids Olmec sculpture

AP WORLD HISTORY PERIOD 1: C BCE T E C H N O L O G I C A L A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L T R A N S F O R M A T I O N S

AP WORLD HISTORY PERIOD 1: C BCE T E C H N O L O G I C A L A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L T R A N S F O R M A T I O N S AP WORLD HISTORY PERIOD 1: C. 8000 600 BCE T E C H N O L O G I C A L A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L T R A N S F O R M A T I O N S KEY CONCEPT 1.1 BIG GEOGRAPHY & THE PEOPLING OF THE EARTH Big Bang (13.75