5.1 Uses of the Nile River pp Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Standards 6.15 and 6.19.

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1 5.1 Uses of the Nile River pp Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Standards 6.15 and days

2 Part 1 Success Criteria I can describe geographic features of Upper Egypt that protected and isolated Egypt. I can describe geographic features of Lower Egypt that protected and isolated Egypt. I can explain how the farming cycle led to the invention of the calendar. Vocabulary Isolate Predictable Silt Drought Harvest

3 Sahara Desert Napata Meroe

4 Farming cycle is seasonal and based on the Nile River flooding cycle. This cycle created the first calendar. The Egyptians could predict seasons and use them to their advantage. Summer and Fall Winter Spring The Inundation of the heavy rains. Nile floods its banks late in the summer. The river leaves rich, black silt after flooding. Farmers were paid to work for the pharaoh on building projects until the water receded. The Emergence of the land from the water covering was from October to February. During this time, Egyptians planted crops in the rich soil and captured as much water as possible in irrigation ditches. The drought or dry season is the time of little rain and the Nile was at its lowest levels. Crops were harvested during this time

5 Egyptian Seasons: Farming Cycle Homework Due date Tuesday, Sept. 27

6 Success Criteria I can read the River People Myths. I can identify two ways the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers influenced the way that the Mesopotamians lived. I can identify two ways the Nile River influenced Egyptians lived. I can write from the perspective of a Mesopotamian or Egyptian about how I view the gods and the laws of my land. Vocabulary: Inundation Sacred

7 River People Myths 1 st With your shoulder partner, chunk and read aloud by headings. 2 nd - Stop after each heading and summarize aloud. A. Mesopotamia: Flood Myth B. Egypt: Inundation Myths C. Egypt: Creation Myth D. Codes of Law E. Egypt: Tale of the Eloquent Peasant 3 rd Answer #1-6 and Journal.

8 Part B How did geography influence the way the Egyptians lived? Success Criteria True or False: a. Farmers grew crop surpluses, or extra amounts, that could be stored for future needs or traded with other kingdoms. b. Irrigation systems allowed farmers to bring water from the Nile to their fields, increasing the amount of land that could be used for farming. c. Egyptians planted and harvested crops with tools like metal sickles, stone axes, and shovels. d. Nile River flooding brought rich nutrients from the river to nearby farmland, making the land more fertile. e. Farmers rested during the Nile floods. f. Farmers used donkeys to move goods and oxen to help plow the land. Vocabulary Irrigate Innovative Shadoof Sickles Geometry

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10 People of the Nile Egyptian people also ate fish from the river, but the Pharaoh never ate fish because it was considered unclean from the Nile waters. 1. The Nile Perch lays eggs all year, but mostly during the rainy season of summer, especially June. 2. One fish can lay up to 16 million eggs per cycle. 3. They can grow up to 400 pounds

11 People of the Nile Crocodiles thrived in swampy areas like the Delta. 1. These reptile breed in July. 2. Females build nests in holes near the river, but far enough away that her eggs are safe. 3. She lays eggs in the Fall. 4. In November, hatchlings emerge. 5. The mother often carries her babies in her mouth for their first swim.

12 People of the Nile Nile River Hippos spend most of their lives in the water. 1. Most female river hippos get pregnant at the end of the rainy season in the Summer. 2. Most births occur in late Winter or early Spring. 3. Baby hippos are born and nurse under water. 4. The Greeks called them River Horses. 5. They can be very dangerous; they kill about 3,000 people / year

13 Most Egyptians were farmers. They lived in mud-brick one story houses on small rented plots of land pharaohs owned the land

14 Irrigation Systems helped Egyptians farm during the dry season

15 Irrigation Systems canal basin

16 Shadoof

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19 Research Draw and label farming tools and innovative (new) ideas the Egyptians used in farming.

20 Turn and Talk How did geography influence the way the Egyptians farmed? True or False: a. Farmers grew crop surpluses, or extra amounts, that could be stored for future needs or traded with other kingdoms. b. Irrigation systems allowed farmers to bring water from the Nile to their fields, increasing the amount of land that could be used for farming. c. Egyptians planted and harvested crops with tools like metal sickles, stone axes, and shovels. d. Nile River flooding brought rich nutrients from the river to nearby farmland, making the land more fertile. e. Farmers rested during the Nile floods. f. Farmers used donkeys to move goods and oxen to help plow the land.