GEOGRAPHY TODAY BOOK 3 REVISED EDITION

Transcription

1 GEOGRAPHY TODAY BOOK 3 REVISED EDITION TOPIC: AGRICULTURE ( Pg No : ) Q.1 Fill in the blanks. 1. Pakistan has held agricultural censuses in 1960, 1972, and 2. In the 1950s, agriculture was largely ignored because attention was being paid to the development of. 3. From 1960 onwards an important reason for the increase in crop yields and output was the. 4. This has been described as one of the most important events in the history of agriculture in. 5. In the 1960s high yield varieties of and were developed by research institutes. 6. Mexi-Pak wheat was produced at the International Wheat and Maize Institute in. 7. IRRI rice, called miracle rice, was produced at the International Rice research institute in the. 8. These HYV seeds required the accurate amount of the and to be applied at the right times for them to produce the high yields. Water was the most important. 9. The production of these seeds came at the time when Pakistan was increasing its irrigation facilities manly from and later from. 10. In 1991, IRRI announced the development of a new type of rice which has a larger yield than miracle rice called as. 11. This type of rice has been genetically modified to enrich it with because it is lacking in the diets of millions of people in. 12. This type of rice has, stalks on one plant and bigger clusters of than present varieties of rice. 13. This type of rice is also being bred to resist and e. 14. IRRI hoped to send seeds of this type of rice to major rice growing countries for testing in It was forecast that farmers in South and Asia would be able to grow it would be able to grow it after In the 1950s there were only a tube wells in Pakistan, but by the end of 1960s there were tube wells. 17. Most of these tube wells were installed in a few parts of the province of Pakistan. 18. The hard, stony mountainous land of Balochistan and KPK made the tubewells too to be installed over there. 19. Only a few tubewells were installed in Sindh because much of the ground water there is. 20. Rural also influenced the location of tube wells.

2 21. Research found that on a 50 acre farm in the Gujranwala district the increase in the crop yield paid off the cost of an electric water in year/s % of the tube wells were installed by farmers with acres or more. Only % were installed by farmers owning fewer than 13 acres. 23. The word tractor comes from a Latin verb meaning. 24. The hiring of tractors mean that 550,000 farms used tractors it is still a smaller number compared with which is the total No of farms % of privately owned tractors have been bought by the farmers who have tube wells. 26. In recent years some small and medium farmers have bought tractors with the from their family members working in the Middle East. 27. Irrigation has a long history in Pakistan. The first canals were built around BC during the Civilization. 28. The Indus River Irrigation System is one of the largest and systems in the world. 29. An insect called the stem-borer which lives in dead rice stubble may attack the next crop. 30. Karez were dug in Baluchistan, they were water channels for irrigation. 31. By 2000 the total irrigated area had increased to hectares. 32. The Bhakra- Nangal Dam was built on the river. 33. After 1960 there was also an increase in cropping. 34. The deposition of silt is a major problem in Dam. 35. Mangla Dam and Reservoir were completed in. Q.2(a) - Match the year with the event and write the correct year in column C. A B C a. 1960,1972, Mangla Dam 1980,1990 b. 1950s Tarbela Dam loses 50% of its capacity c Few hundred tubewells d Agriculture was ignored, industry was set up e Tarbela Dam f. 1950s IRRI Rice g. 1960s Indus Water Treaty h. End of 1960s 79,000 tubewells i. After 2002 Testing of Super Rice j HYV seeds k Agricultural censuses in Pakistan l Growing Super Rice

3 Q.2 (b) - Match column A and B with a ruler and a blue ink pen. A B a. HYV seeds Deposition of silt b. tractor Less than 13 acres c. Bhakra- Nangal Dam cultivation d. Tarbela Dam To pull e. Multi-purpose dam harvesting f. Karez insect g. Watering crops Green Revolution h. Growing crops 25 acres or more i. Stem-borer Super Rice j. iron Underground water channel k. Cutting crops Tarbela and Mangla Dam l. 4% tubewells Sutlej m. 70% tubewells irrigation Q.3- Write full forms for these short forms/ abbreviations. S.NO. Short Form/ Abbreviation 1 HYV seeds 2 IRRI 3 KPK 4 IWT 5 IRIS Full form Q.4- Give short answers to the following questions. Economic Development- Agriculture ( Pg : ) 1) Look at the given tables and answer the question given below.

4 Q(1)- Name the crops that had been grown on the largest area in the following years and discuss whether the crops gave the highest output and highest yield that year.( fig- 3.16, 3.14, 3.15) 1965:_ 1995:_ 2010:_ 2015:_ The Green Revolution: ( Pg : 62 ) a) What was the Green Revolution? b) What led to the Green Revolution? c) What thing brought the Green Revolution? d) For which crops the improved quality seeds were produced? e) What was Mexi- Pak wheat and where was it produced?

5 f) What was IRRI, What did it produce and when? g) What did the HYV seeds need in order to give higher yield of the crops? h) What was the most important input for growing these seeds? i) When were these seeds produced? Super Rice: ( Pg : 62 ) j) What was Super Rice, when was it produced and by whom? k) Describe how was the Super Rice modified and what were its characteristics? l) To how many countries were the seeds of Super Rice sent and for what reason and when?

6 The sinking of tubewells ( Pg : 62 ) m) How did the NO. of tubewells grow in Pakistan from 1950s to 1960s? Location ( Pg : 62 ) n) Where were the most of the tubewells installed in Pakistan? o) What factors affected the installation of the tubewells in Sindh, Balochistan and KPK? p) What other factor also affected the installation of the tubewells? How was that problem overcome? Cost ( Pg : 63 ) q) What were the %ages for the installation of tubewells by farmers?

7 r) Why were the larger farmers mainly benefited from the Green Revolution? s) What were the reasons that the poorer farmers could not benefit from the Green Revolution as much as the larger farmers have? Mechanisation: ( Pg : 63 ) t) What does mechanisation mean? u) What is the origin of the word tractor? v) What different jobs can a tractor do? Give examples. w) What does draught animal mean? Give examples. Growth in the use of tractors ( Pg : 63-64) x) How many total NO. of farms are there in Pakistan and on how many farms are tractors used?

8 y) What size of the tractors are usually used and who owns these tractors? z) How do the larger farmers make more use of their tractors? 1) How have some small and medium farmers managed to buy tractors? 2) How do these small- scale farmers make some extra income by using their tractors? Hiring tractors ( Pg : 64-65) 3) Who usually hires a tractor? What may be the problems related to hiring a tractor? 4) How is the farm prepared for wheat after harvesting rice? 5) What could be the problem faced by a small- scale farmer at this stage of preparing the farm?

9 6) What is the stem borer? Which crop does it affect and how? 7) Look at the picture of a tractor given below and list the jobs of a, Plough: Disc cutter: 8) What has happened due to the increased use of tractors? a) b) c) d) Irrigation ( Pg : 65-67) 9) How old is the history of irrigation in Pakistan? 10) What ways are mainly used for irrigation in Pakistan? 11) What led to the development of the irrigation system in Pakistan?

10 12) What is the importance of the Indus River Irrigation System (IRIS)? 13) Look at the map given below, What do you mean by the cultivated area is irrigated? 14) In which areas of Pakistan 70% of the cultivated area is irrigated? 15) Where does Nara Irrigation canal start from and which area does it pass through? 16) Look at the Fig. given below and answer the question.

11 Q- The area irrigated by tubewell water is about 25% of the total irrigated land. How much larger is the area irrigated by canal water? 17) Name a few old methods of irrigation in Pakistan. 18) Define those methods of irrigation mentioned in the answer above. 19) Why don t we usually use these old methods of irrigation nowadays? 20) How much area was irrigated in the year 2000? 21) Compare the tubewell water with canal water. Which one is better and why? The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) ( Pg : 67,70) 22) When and by whom the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was signed?

12 23) Which dam was built on the river Sutlej? Where is the river Sutlej? 24) How much area in Pakistan was irrigated by the water of river Sutlej at the time of partition? 25) Who should have got the water of river Sutlej? What did India do to the water of river Sutlej? How was Pakistan affected by that act of India? 26) How did Pakistan manage to overcome that problem caused by India for river Sutlej? 27) Who developed the idea of a treaty between India and Pakistan? How was the water of the rivers divided between India and Pakistan according to the treaty? 28) What happened to the water of the eastern rivers at the point where they enter Pakistan? 29) How did Pakistan solve this problem caused by having no water in the eastern rivers?

13 30) Apart from the distribution of rivers between the two countries what else was included in the Indus Water Treaty to be done in Pakistan? 31) Who is supposed to resolve any issues with obeying the Indus Water Treaty by the two countries? 32) Look at the Fig. given below and answer the related questions. a) How many rivers are mentioned in the Fig? b) Name all the rivers mentioned in the Fig. c) Name the western rivers: d) Name the eastern rivers: e) According to the IWT India got western/ eastern rivers and Pakistan got western/ eastern rivers.( Encircle the correct answers for both). f) Name all the dams in the Fig. g) How many link canals are shown on the Fig? In what directions do these canals flow? h) How many barrages are mentioned in the Fig?

14 i) Name the barrages built on river Indus j) Name the barrages built on river Jhelum k) Name the barrages built on river Chenab l) Name the barrages built on river Ravi m) Name the barrages built on river Sutlej n) Name the barrages on the river Indus from where link canals originate and go to river Jhelum. o) Name the barrages on the river Jhelum from where link canals originate and go to river Chenab. p) Name the barrages on the river Chenab from where link canals originate and go to river Ravi. q) Name the barrages on the river Ravi from where link canals originate and go to river Sutlej. r) Name the barrages on the river Jhelum from where link canals originate and go to river Ravi and then to river Sutlej. s) At which barrage does the water of river Jhelum and river Chenab join together?

15 t) After which barrage does the water of river Ravi joins with the collected water of rivers Jhelum and Chenab? u) How does Bahawal canal get water in it? v) At which barrage does the water of all four rivers, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej joins together? w) Which barrages are built on river Indus after all the other four rivers join with river Indus? x) After which barrage the water of river Indus along with the water of all other four rivers falls into the Arabian sea? y) What does Mailsi gated syphon on the Fig. mean? z) What does the Upper and lower course of the river mean? What is Upper Chenab link? 33) What does double cropping mean, when did it start in Pakistan? 34) What were the results of the Indus Water Treaty?

16 The Tarbela and the Mangla Dams and reservoirs( Pg : 70) a) The Mangla Dam and Reservoir were completed in and built on the river.the Tarbela Dam and Reservoir were completed in and built on river. b) The Tarbela Dam is the largest and filled dam in the world. c) When the reservoir of Tarbela Dam is very full, the water is allowed to flow out of the spillways, which are of the dam. d) Due to the construction of the Tarbela Dam and Reservoir villages were drowned and people lost their homes and farms. e) When Mangla Dam and Reservoir were constructed many people who lost their homes and farms migrated to, but the people who were affected by the construction of Tarbela Dam could not migrate to the as no more workers were needed over there. f) The Tarbela Dam is towards the of its spillways. g) What is the purpose of a dam and a reservoir? What type of dams are the Tarbela and the Mangla Dam? Why are they called so?

17 Deposition of silt ( Pg : 71-72) h) What is the negative effect of a dam made at a reservoir? i) What is silt? Which reservoir has got serious problem of deposition of silt? j) What causes the deposition of silt in that reservoir and not much deposition of silt in the other reservoir? k) What will happen to that reservoir in 2030? l) How many rivers carry silt into that reservoir?( shown in Fig.3.26) m) What are the effects of deposition of silt on the floor of the reservoir?