Weed Control in Forest Tree Nurseries
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1 Weed Control in Forest Tree Nurseries Hand-weeding at the Stuart Nursery near Pollock, LA Hand-weeding at the Stuart Nursery near Pollock, LA 1
2 Pesticide use pounds ai/acre herbicide insecticide fungicide Corn Cotton Peanuts tree nurseries Weed* Scientific Name (genera) 1980 n= n=31 Crabgrass Digitaria 64% 12% Nutsedge Cyperus 62% 44% Bermuda grass Cynodon 36% 6% Purslane Portulaca 30% Morningglory Ipomoea 28% 35% Sicklepod Arabis 23% 18% Goose grass Acrachne 23% 3% Carpetweed Mollugo 17% Fennel Eupatorium 13% 3% Clover Dalea spp. 6% 3% Barnyardgrass Echinochloa 6% - Florida pusley Richardia 4% - Broomsedge Carex; Andropogon 4% - Cocklebur Xanthium 4% - Crowfoot grass Dactyloctenium 4% - Flathead sedge Cyperus 4% 12% Spurge Euphorbia 2% 65% Coffee weed Senna - 15% Water weed Eclipta - 6% Willow Salix - 9% Other 40% 32% * Some managers listed more than one species Herbicide* Percent n=33 Goal 100% 2012 GoalTender 36% Cobra 58% Sethoxydin 45% Reflex 29% Fusilade 21% Others 42% 2
3 Nursery Weed Types Annual Perennial Annual Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial grasses: Bermudagrass Perennial grasses: Cogongrass 3
4 Annual grasses: Large crabgrass Perennial sedges: Yellow nutsedge 1 tuber = 140 shoots in 6 month; all within 8 inches Perennial sedges: Chufa Cyperus esculentus var. sativus 4
5 Perennial sedges: Purple nutsedge 1 tuber = 280 shoots in 6 months; all within 2 feet Annual sedges: Flathead sedge Annual broadleaf: Prostrate spurge 5
6 Spurge infestation in bareroot longleaf pine. Annual broadleaf: Purslane Annual broadleaf: Sicklepod 6
7 Annual broadleaf: Coffee senna Annual broadleaf: Morningglory Annual broadleaf: Eclipta 7
8 Perennial broadleaf: Knawel Perennial broadleaf: White Clover Equipment Directed applicators tractor Directed applicators hand Fertilizer spreaders Fertigation 8
9 9-Bed Boom Sprayer Unit Sprayer (9-bed) Granular Applicator 9
10 GANDY Drop Spreader Shielded sprayer for riser lines Directed Sprayers 10
11 Wicking Weed Wiper Sizes range from 6-50 feet; 6-foot wiper = $3,
12 Wick Application on Nutsedge in a Bareroot Nursery 12
13 Tilling The Big Three How do you control nutsedge? 13
14 Three rules for keeping nutsedge at bay: Soil fumigation (tubers are deep) Sanitation (aggressive) A weed management program A Nutsedge Program Cover crop: Permit (halosulfuron); Roundup ready corn Fallow land: Oust (sulfometuron); Roundup (glyphosate); Reflex (fomesafen); tank-mixes Methyl bromide fumigation (while it lasts) Reflex at time of sowing (for sandy nurseries) Production - Weekly applications of Goal (oxyfluorfen)-cobra (lactofen) Weekly applications of Goal Improve Weed Control Weekly Monthly 14
15 Monthly vs. Weekly Goal Applications nutsedge 80 weight (g) Alabama Arkansas Monthly Weekly Controlling Nutsedge with Herbicides Seedbeds Cover-crop Fallow How do you control spurge? 15
16 Spurge Herbicides: Rate of Product/Acre Cobra (lactofen) 13 oz Apply before 1 diameter Pendulum AquaCap (pendimethalin) 34 or 68 oz Apply at time of sowing Scythe 1 gal/acre Apply on hot day before 1 diameter 68 oz per acre = $30 per acre Prostrate Spurge the Living Mulch Reduced seedling height 16
17 May 28 th Control Pendulum AC Herbicide galls can occur with postemergence PAC applications over-thetop of pine seedlings. Historically: PAC Herbicide Galls by Nursery and Application Timing Nursery Timing Galls Total pre 0 A 6 post 6 B post C D E pre 1 post 70 pre 0 post 174 pre 13 post
18 PAC must be applied at sowing to avoid galls!!!!!!. Pendulum AC Applied Preemergence and Postemergence to Pine; Evaluated-September Timing Product/acre (oz) Spurge (%) Control Pre-at sowing Pre-at sowing 68 2 Post-June Post-June LSD = 15 Post- May+June How do you Control Morningglory? (and lots of other weeds) The best approach is to follow a weekly Goal (oxyfluorfen) regime throughout the growing season. Take care of it in fallow. 24/ Trials with directed sprayers 18
19 Herbicides Registered for use in Forest Tree Nurseries: 15 Trade Name Common Name Pines Hardwoods EPTC Eptam X Cobra Lactofen X Reflex Fomesafen X Treflan Trifluralin X Clethodim Clethodim X X Stinger Clopyralid X X DCPA Dacthal X X Fluazifop Fusilade X X Broadstar Flumioxazin X X Devrinol Napropamide X X Ronstar Oxadiazon X X Pendulum AC Pendimethalin X X Poast Sethoxydim X X Barricade Prodiamine X X Freehand Dimethenamid+ pendimethalin X X Historically, about 70 herbicides have been tested by the Nursery Cooperative at Auburn University. Questions? 19
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