COVER CROP GUIDE

Transcription

1 COVER CROP GUIDE

2 COVER CROP GUIDE Legacy Seeds, Inc. is excited to bring you our cover crop guide for the Upper Midwest. Legacy s EarthBuilder Cover Crop program is designed specifically to address the many needs of producers and their multiple necessities for cover cropping systems. Whether following vegetables or wheat, in advance of sugar beets and potatoes, or following corn and soybeans, the EarthBuilder Cover Crop program has specific varieties, mixes, and blends that will enhance profits on your farm. Legacy s EarthBuilder program is built with on-farm research, conducted with oversight from cover crop agronomists and regional officials. Representatives from NRCS and Soil and Water districts were invited to assist in helping the mixes and blends to become region specific. Our goal is to provide the best species with top quality seed in a proper mix/blend analysis that helps farmers be more profitable. Our extensive producer cover crop training program has reached over 4,000 farmers in the Upper Midwest and Ontario, Canada in This training, along with field days, blog entries, YouTube videos, research, and on-farm visits, place Legacy Seeds at the forefront of providing top education, the highest quality seed, and Legacy Seeds regionally trained sales staff to assist growers. Legacy Seeds mixes specific cover crop blends with the option of doing custom mixes as well. This guide provides a look at the standard mixes that we offer; there are additional species that are available through Legacy Seeds as well. Please ask your local Legacy Seeds dealer for details of what is currently available. Visit us on the Web! Facebook: Legacy Seeds Inc - - YouTube Channel: covercropdave To learn more about cover crops, please visit: and Technical data herein is solely a compilation of observations from various geographical areas, conditions, and laboratory tests. Growing results, including varietal characteristics and performance, vary depending on region, climate, soil, seed enhancements, environmental conditions, local management practices, as well as other factors. Legacy Seeds, Inc. DOES NOT GUARANTEE growing success. Any technical advice by Legacy Seeds, Inc. concerning the use of its seeds is given without charge. Therefore, Legacy Seeds, Inc. disclaims any warranty and disclaims all liability for such advice. 2 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Description 3 Benefits of Cover Crops 4 Upper Midwestern Cover Crop Identification Photos 5 EarthBuilder Cover Crop Characteristics 6-13 EarthBuilder Cover Crop Mix Technical Sheets 14 PileDriver Radish 15 FumaRad & Intermezzo Nematode Control Radishes 16 MaxiGain BMR 12 Hybrid Sudangrass EarthBuilder Cover Crop Planting Guides and Helps BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS Improve soil health Reduce erosion Increase earthworm populations Improve soil microbiology Produce and scavenge nutrients Improve nutrient recycling Increase soil porosity Increase soil aeration Increase channels for future roots to follow Reduce compaction Improve cash crop yield potential over time Improve control of winter annual weeds Increase soil percolation and reduce run-off Build soil organic matter Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 3

4 COMMON UPPER MIDWESTERN COVER CROPS CRIMSON CLOVER WINTER CEREAL RYE PILEDRIVER RADISH ANNUAL RYEGRASS AUSTRIAN WINTER PEAS OATS MEDIUM RED CLOVER SUDANGRASS TURNIPS 4 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

5 COVER CROP CHARACTERISTICS Species Approx Seeds Seeding Rate Seeding Date Nitrogen Nitrogen Per Pound Per Acre Produced Scavenged? (estimate)* Clovers Alsike Clover 700, # Feb-April # Berseem Clover 207, # April-May and Aug-Sept # Crimson Clover 150, # July-Sept # Mammoth Red Clover 270, # Feb-April 60-75# Medium Red Clover 270, # Feb-April 60-75# Red Clover 275, # April-May and Aug-Sept # Sweet Clover 260, # April-May and Aug-Sept # Brassicas Rape 157, # April-May and Aug-Sept Turnips 193, # April-May and Aug Sept Mustard 180, # April-May and Aug-Sept Cereal Grains Spring or Winter Barley 13, bushel March-April and Aug-Sept Oats 19, bushel March-April and Aug-Sept Winter Cereal Rye 18, bushel Aug-October Fall Triticale 22, bushel Aug-October Winter Wheat 11, bushel Aug-October Peas/Cowpea Winter Peas 1, # March-May and Aug-Sept # Cowpea 3,000-4, # May-August # Forage Peas 1, # March-April and Aug-Sept # Radish PileDriver Radish 34, # Aug-Sept FumaRad Nematicide Radish 40, # July-Sept Ryegrass Annual Ryegrass 190, # March-April and Aug-Sept Vetches, etc... Hairy Vetch 16, # Aug-Sept # Summer Annual Crops Buckwheat 20, # July-Sept Sudangrass 30,000-43, # June-Early August Sorghum-Sudangrass 13,000-18, # June-Early August Teffgrass 1,000, # June-Early August * - slow release - higher rate for forage production - if mixed with cereal grains Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 5

6 BARLEY & BRASSICAS MIX EarthBuilder Barley & Brassicas Mix is a combination of spring barley, rapeseed, and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix establishes quickly and scavenges nitrogen. Benefits of the Barley & Brassicas Mix: Establishes Quickly Spring barley establishes very quickly, as does the PileDriver and rape Scavenges Nitrogen Each of the species in this mix are luxury consumers of Nitrogen. This is a perfect mix for scavenging N if you want the cover crop to die over the winter Multiple Rooting Types These three species have deep and fibrous roots (barley and radish) as well as more shallow and fibrous roots (rape) Spring barley (above) establishes very quickly, providing an excellent cover crop Barley & Brassicas is a new mixture in the EarthBuilder line-up. EarthBuilder cover crops are researched extensively in and for the upper Midwest. Multiple EarthBuilder trial plots and research sites have been established that show improved soil health and reduces compaction. Our commitment is to continue to test in mulitple locations for the producers benefit Planting Tips: Planting Rate: 50 pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1-11/2 deep Planting Time: August to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost 6 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

7 CCR MIX EarthBuilder CCR Mixture consists of Dixie Crimson Clover and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix both produces and scavenges Nitrogen. Benefits of the CCR Mix: Produces Nitrogen Purdue University data shows Crimson Clover has produced over 140 pounds of N/acre Scavenges Nitrogen Tests have shown cover crop radishes have scavenged as much as 200 pounds of N/acre (tops and tubers combined, with manure applied) PileDriver Radish tubers provide excellent nutrient scavenging and soil building characteristics. Dixie Crimson Clover and PileDriver Radish make a tremendous cover crop mixture. Crimson Clover produced over 140 pounds of Nitrogen on the field pictured to the right. Dixie is a very winterhardy variety that has survived well in the Upper Midwestern States when protected with another cover crop. Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1/4-1/2" deep Planting Time: Early August to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 7

8 GRAZER MIX EarthBuilder Grazer Mix is a combination of Oats, Winter Cereal Rye, and Appin Turnips. Grazer Mix is an excellent choice for aerial application into standing row crops. The oats and turnips grow the fastest in the fall and the rye is available for grazing over the winter and spring. Benefits of the Grazer Mix: Provides excellent feed for cattle Cattle gained 3.5 pounds/day in IL feeding trials on Grazer Mix Produces deep roots Scavenges Nitrogen Yields in corn crops following Grazer Mix have shown increased yields Left: Cattle on Grazer Mix in December Right: Oats (left) produce more forage than Rye (right) in the fall Planting Tips: Planting Rate: 105 pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1/2-3/4" deep Aerial Seeding: Recommended Planting Time: July to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost 8 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

9 OPR MIX EarthBuilder OPR Mix is a combination of oats, winter peas, and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix both produces and scavenges nitrogen. OPR will be excellent for building soil health. This mix will not overwinter in the upper Midwest. Benefits of the OPR Mix: Produces Nitrogen A good stand of peas can produce up to 120 pounds of N/acre Scavenges Nitrogen Tests have shown cover crop radishes have scavenged as much as 200 pounds of N/acre Multiple Rooting Types To enhance soil health and reduce compaction OPR Mix provides excellent cover above the ground with deep and various roots beneath the soil surface. OPR Mix will be excellent for improving soil health. OPR is a new mixture in the EarthBuilder line-up. EarthBuilder cover crops are researched extensively in and for the upper Midwest. Multiple EarthBuilder trial plots and research sites have been established that show improved soil health and reduces compaction. Our commitment is to continue to test in mulitple locations for the producers benefit Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1-11/2 deep Planting Time: Early August to early September Inoculate the peas with a seedbox treatment of a pea/vetch inoculant Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 9

10 PEA-RAD MIX EarthBuilder Pea-Rad Mix is a combination of Austrian Winter Peas and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix both produces and scavenges nitrogen. Benefits of the Pea-Rad Mix: Produces Nitrogen A good stand of peas can produce up to 120 pounds of N/acre Scavenges Nitrogen Tests have shown cover crop radishes have scavenged as much as 200 pounds of N/acre (tops and tubers combined, with manure applied) Reduces Compaction See chart to the right Measuring Soil Compaction After Different Cover Crops Robison Farms, Greenwood Indiana Higher Numbers = Great Depth in Inches = Less Compaction 7/26/12 Penetrometer Depth Arg + CC + Radish Mix Aust. Winter Peas + Radish Mix Crimson Clover + Radish Mix Oats/Radish Mix Oats + Rye + Appin Turnips Mix Cereal Rye Graze King 90 Annual Ryegrass Blend Check Plot 2.24" of rain from May 1- July 31. Same soil type, same field. Maximum depth of 10 tests measured. Pea-Rad Mix can also provide excellent weed control. Planting Tips: Planting Rate: 35 pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1-11/2" deep Planting Time: July to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost Inoculate peas with a seedbox treatment of a Pea/Vetch inoculant 10 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

11 SECURE-IT-ALL MIX EarthBuilder Secure-It-All Mix is a combination of Winter Rye, PileDriver Radish, and Appin Turnips. Secure-It-All Mix is an excellent choice for animal operations with excess nutrients. Radishes and turnips grow fastest in the fall, and the rye is available for securing nutrients over the winter and spring. Benefits of the Secure-It-All Mix: Produces deep roots All three components scavenge nutrients from manure Reduces Compaction Cover crop radishes and Appin Turnips have proven to scavenge over 200 pounds of N/acre in the fall when planted after corn silage and dairy manure was applied Secure-It-All Mix is perfect for dairy farm nutrient management. PileDriver Radishes (left) and Appin Turnips are excellent scavegers of nutrients from dairy manure. Appin Turnips (above) grow well until about 14ºF Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: Approximately 1/2" deep Planting Time: August to late September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 11

12 SOILBUILDER MIX EarthBuilder SoilBuilder Mix is a combination of Winter Rye, Dixie Crimson Clover, and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix both produces and scavenges nitrogen. Benefits of the SoilBuilder Mix: Produces Nitrogen A good stand of this mix should produce up to pounds of N/acre Scavenges Nitrogen Tests have shown cover crop radishes have scavenged as much as 200 pounds of N/acre (tops and tubers combined, with manure applied) Winter rye can also scavenge a significant amount of N/acre Each of the species, including PileDriver cover crop radishes (left) in the SoilBuilder Mix have roots that provide an earthworm haven! Winter Rye and Crimson Clover (above) are excellent soil builders with deep fibrous roots. Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1/2-3/4" deep Planting Time: August to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost 12 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

13 SOILMASTER MIX EarthBuilder SoilMaster Mix is a combination of a winterhardy Annual Ryegrass, Dixie Crimson Clover, and PileDriver cover crop radishes. This mix both produces and scavenges nitrogen. Benefits of the SoilMaster Mix: Produces Nitrogen A good stand of this mix should produce up to pounds of N/acre Scavenges Nitrogen Tests have shown cover crop radishes have scavenged as much as 200 pounds of N/acre (tops and tubers combined, with manure applied) According to multi-state research, annual ryegrass can also scavenge well over 300 pounds of N/acre Each of the species in the SoilMaster Mix have roots that provide an earthworm haven! Crimson Clover makes an excellent companion to Annual Ryegrass (above). Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1/2-3/4 deep Planting Time: August to early September Plant at least six weeks prior to killing frost Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 13

14 PileDriver is a late-maturing cover crop radish that produces a significant root mass. This deep root system allows PileDriver to pull nitrogen and other nutrients from deep within the soil and bring them back toward the surface. Upon decomposition, these roots leave channels in the soil that improve water infiltration and soil aeration. Midwestern on-farm tests have shown that cover crop radishes can scavenge over 200 pounds of N/acre. The scavenged nitrogen becomes available to the next cash crop and increases soil organic matter. Benefits of the PileDriver Radish: Scavenges nutrients Reduces soil compaction Promotes water infiltration Increases earthworm activity Improves soil biology Suppresses weeds May reduce use of chemicals and tillage PileDriver cover crop radish penetrates through the hardpan and reduces soil compaction, allowing roots of the following cash crop to access more nutrients from deeper in the soil. PileDriver is a true variety bred to exhibit consistent performance year after year. PileDriver has a tremendous amount of fine root hairs, and works very well with legumes like peas and crimson clover. Sowing and Establishment: Seed from early August to early September (earlier in the north and later in the south) at 5-8 pounds per acre, or at 3-5 pounds per acre when mixed with legumes and/or grasses. Sow 1/4-3/4" deep. Aerial seed into soybeans before leaf drop (~1/2 leaves yellow) and into corn when the corn is dried up to the ear (for ~50% of sunlight to reach the ground between rows). Apply 60 units of N or manure for best root growth potential if not grown with a legume. Technical data herein is solely a compilation of observations from various geographical areas, conditions, and laboratory tests. Growing results, including varietal characteristics and performance, vary depending on region, climate, soil, seed enhancements, enviornmental conditions, local management practices, and other factors. Legacy Seeds, Inc. DOES NOT GUARANTEE growing success. Any technical advice by Legacy Seeds, Inc. concerning the use of its seeds is given without charge. Therefore, Legacy Seeds, Inc. disclaims any warranty and disclaims all liability for such advice. 14 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

15 FUMARAD & INTERMEZZO MULTI-RESISTANT NEMATODE CONTROL RADISHES FumaRad is a nematode reduction class 1 multi-resistant radish that shows resistance against the white and the yellow beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii and betae) with control of up to 95% reduction possible. FumaRad is also resistant against (false) Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi and fallax) with a reduction comparable with black fallow (>95% of the nematode population). FumaRad is highly resistant against Alterneria and can also reduce nematodes like Trichodorus (stubby root nematode). FumaRad is a late flowering Radish with fast early vigor and an excellent re-growth after cutting. FumaRad has a deep rooting system; a depth of up to 41/2 feet is possible with a long round root with diameter of 3/4-11/2". FumaRad is resistant to: and a non-host to: Heterodera schachtii Globudera rostochiensis; G. pallida Heterodera betae Heterodera avenae Meloidogyne chitwoodi Meloidogyne nasii M. fallax Ditylenchus dipsaci M. javanica Ditylenchus destructur Paratrichodorus Tobacco Rattle Virus Intermezzo is resistant to: and a non-host to: Heterodera schachtii Globudera rostochiensis; G. pallida Heterodera betae Heterodera avenae Meloidogyne nasii Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditylenchus destructur Tobacco Rattle Virus Intermezzo Nematode Control Radish is an early maturing nematode reduction class 2 resistant radish that shows highly effective resistance against the white and the yellow beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii and betae) with control of up to 88% reduction possible. Intermezzo establishes quickly and provides very good weed suppression with tall fodder. Intermezzo shows little tendency to lodge and after winter the stalks are very dry and perfect for minimum tillage. Planting Tips: Planting Rate: pounds per acre Planting Depth: 1/4-1/2" deep For most effective nematode reduction, plant days prior to killing frost For more information on the benefits of using a nematode control radish, visit Available exclusively in North America through: Technical data herein is solely a compilation of observations from various geographical areas, conditions, and laboratory tests. Growing results, including varietal characteristics and performance, vary depending on region, climate, soil, seed enhancements, enviornmental conditions, local management practices, and other factors. Legacy Seeds, Inc. DOES NOT GUARANTEE growing success. Any technical advice by Legacy Seeds, Inc. concerning the use of its seeds is given without charge. Therefore, Legacy Seeds, Inc. disclaims any warranty and disclaims all liability for such advice. Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 15

16 MAXIGAIN BMR 12 HYBRID SUDANGRASS MaxiGain is a high yielding, high quality summer annual grass that can fill the summer gap for dairy, beef, and sheep producers. MaxiGain helps produce more milk and meat per acres over BMR Sorghum x Sudangrass crosses and non-bmr Sudangrass. MaxiGain Characteristics: High yielding hybrid sudangrass with the Hi-Gest BMR trait Reduced lignin content (~20% < Piper) Outstanding animal preference and performance Fast growing with aggressive tillering Very fine stemmed as compared to Sorghum x Sudangrass Excellent for hay, haylage, and grazing MaxiGain has very fine stems and many tillers MaxiGain BMR 12 Sudangrass has outstanding Forage Quality Studies conducted on tall, well-fertilized BMR 12 Hybrid Sudangrass show the following: CP %DM ADF %DM andf %DM Lignin %DM Sugar %DM NEL Mcal/lb RFV 24.59% 27.89% 50.42% 2.08% 6.61% Managing MaxiGain for Maximum Profits Plant when soil temperatures reach 60-65oF Plant 35-40#/acre at 1/2-1 deep Fertilize 60-75#/acre N at planting Fertilize 50-60#/acre N after each cutting Harvest when plants are tall Leave 6-8 residual when cutting or harvesting Do not feed to horses Be cautious with feeding frosted MaxiGain Consult with Legacy Seeds Agronomists with any questions Technical data herein is solely a compilation of observations from various geographical areas, conditions, and laboratory tests. Growing results, including varietal characteristics and performance, vary depending on region, climate, soil, seed enhancements, enviornmental conditions, local management practices, and other factors. Legacy Seeds, Inc. DOES NOT GUARANTEE growing success. Any technical advice by Legacy Seeds, Inc. concerning the use of its seeds is given without charge. Therefore, Legacy Seeds, Inc. disclaims any warranty and disclaims all liability for such advice. 16 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

17 COVER CROP DECISION MAKING PREVIOUS CROP: CORN/CORN SILAGE Nitrogen Scavengers EarthBuilder Secure-It-All Mix3 (A/D) Annual Ryegrass2 (A/D) Oats and Cover Crop Radish1 (A/D) Oats and Turnips2 (A/D) Winter Rye3 (A/D) Winter Barley3 (A/D) Winter Triticale3 (A/D) Barley and Brassicas1 (A/D) Crimson Clover2 (A/D) Hairy Vetch3 (A/D) Nitrogen Producers Austrian Winter Peas2 (D) Both Nitrogen Producers and Scavengers EarthBuilder SoilBuilder Mix3 (A/D) EarthBuilder CCR Mix2 (A/D) EarthBuilder Pea-Rad Mix2 (D) EarthBuilder SoilMaster Mix2 (A/D) OPR Mix1 (D) Cover Crop for Forage EarthBuilder Grazer Mix3 (A/D) Triticale/Italian Ryegrass Mix3 (A/D) Oats and Turnips1 (A/D) Oats and Cover Crop Radish1 (A/D) Oats1 or Spring Barley1 (A/D) Annual Ryegrass2 (A/D) Guidelines for success when aerial applying cover crops into standing corn: Aerial apply cover crops when the corn plant is dried approximately to the ear Aerial apply cover crops when approximately 50% of the sunlight can reach the ground between the rows For success, do not fly cover crops into corn that is immature (still very green). The seeds will most likely germinate and then mold due to not enough sunlight to conduct photosynthesis and too moist of conditions Rule of thumb - don t plant in the shade A=Aerial application is dependable for stand establishment D=Drilled application is dependable for stand establishment A/D=Aerial and/or Drilled application is dependable for stand establishment 1 =expect winterkill 2 =may overwinter 3 =expect to live over winter Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 17

18 COVER CROP DECISION MAKING PREVIOUS CROP: SOYBEANS Nitrogen Scavengers EarthBuilder Secure-It-All Mix3 (A/D) Oats and Turnips2 (A/D) Oats and Cover Crop Radish1 (A/D) Barley and Brassicas1 (A/D) Winter Barley3 (A/D) Winter Cereal Rye3 (A/D) Winter Triticale3 (A/D) Crimson Clover2 (A/D) Nitrogen Producers Hairy Vetch3 (A/D) Both Nitrogen Producers and Scavengers EarthBuilder SoilBuilder Mix3 (A/D) EarthBuilder CCR Mix2 (A/D) EarthBuilder SoilMaster Mix2 (A/D) OPR Mix1 (D) Cover Crop for Forage EarthBuilder Grazer Mix3 (A/D) Winter Cereal Rye3 (A/D) Oats and Turnips1 (A/D) Oats and Cover Crop Radish1 (A/D) Oats1 (A/D) Fall Triticale/Italian Ryegrass Mix3 (A/D) Guidelines for success when aerial applying cover crops into standing soybeans: Start aerial application of cover crops when the soybean plant is showing 25-50% yellowing of leaves Aerial apply cover crops when approximately 40-50% of the sunlight can reach the ground between the rows For success, do not fly cover crops into coybeans that are immature (still very green). The seeds will most likely germinate and then mold due to not enough sunlight to conduct photosynthesis and too moist of conditions Rule of thumb - don t plant in the shade A=Aerial application is dependable for stand establishment D=Drilled application is dependable for stand establishment A/D=Aerial and/or Drilled application is dependable for stand establishment 1 =expect winterkill 2 =may overwinter 3 =expect to live over winter 18 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc

19 COVER CROP DECISION MAKING PREVIOUS CROP: CEREAL CROPS Nitrogen Scavengers EarthBuilder Secure-It-All Mix3 (plant early Aug) Winter Rye3 (plant mid-aug and later) Oats/Cover Crop Radish1 Mix (plant early Aug) Winter Barley3 (plant mid-aug to mid-sept) Radish1, Turnips2, or Rape2 (plant early Aug) Oats1 (plant early Aug) Annual or Italian Ryegrass2 (plant early Aug) Barley and Brassicas1 (plant mid-aug to mid-sept) Crimson Clover2 Forage Peas1 Cowpeas1 Nitrogen Producers Austrian Winter Peas2 Hairy Vetch3 Berseem Clover1 Both Nitrogen Producers and Scavengers EarthBuilder SoilBuilder Mix3 EarthBuilder CCR Mix2 EarthBuilder Pea-Rad Mix2 OPR Mix1 (plant all early to mid-august) Cover Crop for Forage EarthBuilder Grazer Mix3 (graze) Sudangrass1 (dry hay, haylage, or graze) Sorghum-Sudangrass1 (haylage or graze) Teffgrass1 (dry hay, haylage, graze) Oats and Cover Crop Radish1 (graze) Oats and Turnips1 (graze) Oats1 (dry hay, haylage, graze) Annual or Italian Ryegrass2 (haylage, graze) Pearl Millet1 (dry hay, haylage, graze) Frost Seeded into Cereal Crop 60/40 Plowdown3 80/20 Plowdown3 Mammoth Red Clover3 Medium Red Clover3 Alsike Clover3 Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover3 White Clover3 Do not reproduce photos or information without permission or giving credit to Legacy Seeds, Inc 1 =expect winterkill 2 =may overwinter 3 =expect to live over winter 19

20 Available Through: PileDriver, FumaRad, and EarthBuilder are Trademarks owned by Legacy Seeds, Inc. Technical data herein is solely a compilation of observations from various geographical areas, conditions, and laboratory tests. Growing results, including varietal characteristics and performance, vary depending on region, climate, soil, seed enhancements, environmental conditions, local management practices, as well as other factors. Legacy Seeds, Inc. DOES NOT GUARANTEE growing success. Any technical advice by Legacy Seeds, Inc. concerning the use of its seeds is given without charge. Therefore, Legacy Seeds, Inc. disclaims any warranty and disclaims all liability for such advice