The Latest. Revelations. Steve Groff. No Till Cover Crop. Holtwood, PA
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1 The Latest No Till Cover Crop Revelations Steve Groff Holtwood, PA
2 Remember this?
3 Keys to Success The reason why one farmer can make cover crops work and his neighbors can't is complex. Attention to details and timing! Management!
4 The Big Picture We need to focus more on Biological solutions than Chemical, Fertilizer, and Iron solutions
5 Cover Crop Influences: Yield - input costs = Profit
6 Cover Crops Planted Third Week August 2010 Study 1 Species / Blend Planted in Separate Plots Crimson Clover Hairy Vetch Control (No cover crop) Hairy Vetch, Austrian Winter Pea, Crimson Clover Subterranean Clover, Hairy Vetch Austrian Winter Pea Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover, Hairy Vetch
7
8 100 degrees No cover 88 degrees Crimson Clover
9 3 days later!
10 Dr. Ray Weil July 6 th
11 Measuring yields Penn State University
12 Results: Corn Planted Behind Cover Crops Study 1
13 Corn Planted Behind Cover Crops, 120 lb/a N Added at Sidedress Study 1
14 Another Slice of the Data Study 1
15 Cover Crop Economics Study 1 Gross value -seed $7.00/bu $ $ $ $ $ $ $
16 Cover Crop Research
17 Cover Crop Mixes Guards against failure of one species Provide opportunity for maximum benefits of any given species A smorgasbord of food for the critters Crop rotation on steroids! Can cut seeding rates due to synergistic effects Higher cash crop yields!
18 Cost Analysis of Cover Crop Use Compared to Nitrogen Input for Corn Study 3 Our Cover Crop Cocktail Species Selected for Known Benefits and Synergies Tillage Radish Sunflower Sweet Blue Lupin Austrian Winter Pea Phacelia Fava Bean Early Cover Hairy Vetch Common Vetch Sunn Hemp Fenugreek Calendula Oats
19 All Plots Harvested October 18, 2011 Study bu/ac corn grown with no synthetic N!
20 All Plots Harvested October 18, 2011 Study 3
21 Tillage Radish / Tillage RootMax annual ryegrass
22 Tillage Radish /Crimson Clover
23 Tillage Radish /RootMax Annual Ryegrass/ Crimson Clover
24 Annual Ryegrass and Crimson Clover
25 Tillage RootMax Deeper roots Certified seed Later maturity in spring More tillers-easier to kill High grazing/forage potential New Annual Ryegrass
26 But what about planting into green covers?
27 Patience and Wisdom!
28 Planting into cereal rye Add N at planting!
29 Cover Crops that Pay Precision Planted cover crops Can cut seeding rates in half! Save Cover Crop $$$ Larger equipment=faster planting Better seed placement Custom cover crop planting service?
30 Profiles of Success David Brandt, Ohio
31
32 Precision Planting Precision Planting 2lbs/A in 15 rows 15lbs/A With Peas Less than $20/A!
33 Charlie Hammer- Wisconsin
34 Controlled spillage
35 in slow motion!
36 Bio Strip till
37 Enhanced Residue decomposition
38
39 Over 200 bu bt corn the past 2 seasons
40 Nice decomposition!
41 My Vertical tillage tool
42 Plant shorter season hybrids/varieties on a portion of your acres Modern short season varieties have improved yield potential Possibly can plant covers 2 weeks earlier Spreads out harvest
43 Shorter Season Corn -103 day-harvested Sept 20 th
44 Planted Tillage Radish, Crimson Clover, Tillage RootMax Annual Ryegrass September 20th
45 Harvesting long Season-111 day- Oct 18 th
46 Using Shorter Season Varieties Study day hybrid 194 bu/ac (dry) 111-day hybrid 163 bu/ac (dry) 31 bu difference this year! Results based on 2011 weather conditions
47 Aerial/broadcast seeding Earlier planting window Plant in standing crop Faster/less cost? With proper management has been effective on many acres
48 High Clearance Seeders Don Birkey, Illinois
49 High Clearance Seeders Matt Van Tillburg, Ohio
50 High Clearance Seeders
51 High Clearance Seeders
52 Aerial Seeding
53
54 Penn State University s Cover Crop Interseeder
55
56
57
58 Cover Crop Herbicide Research Penn State University -2 nd year
59 Early in crop establishment
60
61
62
63 Sunn Hemp and Tillage Radish
64 Sunn Hemp and Tillage Radish
65 Sweet Blue Lupin
66
67 Sweet Blue Lupin=N production
68 Phacelia
69 Phacelia=soil conditioning
70 Look at them roots!
71 Tillage Radish research
72 Tillage Radish effect on Yields University of Maryland: 12 bushel corn yield increase and 8 bushel soybean yield increase after planting Tillage Radish the previous fall. Never had a yield decrease. 5 years- over 70 comparisons
73 Tillage Radish Break up compaction Control winter annuals Capture N in the Fall- release in the spring Increase yields!
74 NO3-N in sap, ppm 56±10 Shorter rye 123±15 Taller rye Rye cover crop in December 2011 responds (strips of darker, taller plants) to June 2011 UAN-N sidedressing in 60 cm wide rows where Tillage Radish was grown in fall 2010 but not in the strips where no cover crop was grown in fall N-rate plots, Tillage Radish in 2010 N-rate plots, no cover in 2010 N-rate plots, Tillage Radish in 2010
75 Silage Yields 2 ton Increase
76 8 days after planting
77 8 days after planting Look at that root already!
78 Steve Carruther s farm in Ontario, Canada
79 Tillage Radish field Open field Ohio State University Soil compaction decreased by >40%
80 Nitrogen Storage Tanks
81 Bulk storage units!
82 Is bigger always better?
83 Don t forget about the little things- The fine roots
84
85 Tillage Radish With Wheat +18 bu +12 bu +11 bu +11 bu + 5 bu +2.5bu +1 bu 0 bu
86 Tillage Radish With Wheat 2011 OK- 9 and 11 bu + (very dry) OH- 7 bu + PA- 6.3 bu + PA-3 bu + IL-2.5 bu +
87 Pushing the evelope
88 Other species with wheat
89 Yep, they can be grazed
90 What s the ppm of nitrates coming out of your tile lines or running off your fields??
91 N is free to leave
92 N goes nowhere!
93 Jan 10th, 2012! Forerunner Triticale Tillage RootMax annual ryegrass Tillage Radish Fava Bean Frostmaster Peas
94 Steve s advice TREAT COVER CROPS LIKE YOUR CASH CROPS!
95 There s still a lot to learn!
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