Organic Row Cropping Systems, Cover Crops, and Soil Health
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- Nathaniel Todd
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1 Organic Row Cropping Systems, Cover Crops, and Soil Health
2 Objectives Certified organic crop production Cover crop experiences Soil organic matter changes
3 Organic Crop Production Is it a philosophy or good science? Take what you can get vs highly managed Must be out of chemical crop production for 3 years. Organic does not mean natural. Tillage is not natural 3 2/25/2016 Servi-Tech, Inc.
4 Organic Crop Production Must be approved by OCIA certifying organization Marketing is a key component 4 2/25/2016 Servi-Tech, Inc.
5 Crop Rotation Compliance 6 year- alfalfa, corn, soybeans, popcorn, soybeans, wheat, fall seeded alfalfa 4 year- alfalfa, corn/popcorn, soybeans, wheat, fall seeded alfalfa 5 2/25/2016 Servi-Tech, Inc.
6 Challenges in Organic Production Getting adequate N on corn Weed control in soybeans in wet springs. Western bean cutworm and corn borer in popcorn, bean leaf beetle in soybeans. Army cutworm, leafhoppers in alfalfa. Must use seed with no chemical treatments, limits corn hybrids Servi-Tech, Inc. 6
7 Certified Organic Crop Challenges Adequate weed control Nitrogen for corn, phosphate supply Corn borer control Good corn/soybean stand establishment Can t use conventional seed treatments
8 Certified Organic Crop Prices $25 per bu clear hila soybeans $0.42 per pound popcorn $13 per bu white corn $13 per bu wheat
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12 Non Flamed Skip
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14 Flamed Organic Popcorn
15 Flamed Organic Popcorn Non Flamed Skip
16 Flamed Organic Soybeans
17 Flamed Organic Soybeans
18 Flamed Organic Soybeans 2015
19 Flamed Organic Soybeans, New Grass Growth
20 Flamed Organic Soybeans, later in Year
21 Flamed Organic Soybeans, later in Year
22 Propane-Fueled Flame Weeding in Corn, Soybean, and Sunflower. Knezevic, Datta, Bruening, Gogos. University of Nebraska, August Propane Education and Research Council PRC
23 Turning compost for organic fields
24 Compost for organic fields
25 Typical Compost Test Total N 15-23# per ton Total P 15-25# per ton Total K 25-35# per ton Moisture 25-40% C:N ratio 9:1-11:1 ph 8.8
26 Vetch Cover Crop for Nitrogen
27 Nodules on Vetch
28 Organic Popcorn, Corn Borer Damage
29 Organic Popcorn, No Corn Borer Control
30 Organic Popcorn, Heavy Earworm Pressure, 2012
31 Corn Borer Control with Spinosad, 2011
32 Corn Borer Control with Spinosad, 2009
33 Organic White Corn 2014, 2015
34 Fall Planted Oats before Spring Planted Organic Soybeans
35 Turnip/Radish Cover Crop in Seed Corn
36 Turnip/Radish Cover Crop in Seed Corn
37 Turnip/Radish Cover Crop in Seed Corn after Harvest
38 Flown on turnips/canola fall 2015 on field corn
39 Flown on Turnips/Canola Fall 2015, Soybeans vs Field Corn
40 Turnips and Digger Radishes
41 Nov 22, 2011 It s dry
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44 Grazed Turnips/Radishes Fall 2015
45 May 10, 2012
46 June 21, 2012
47 June 2012
48 Cover Crop?? Late Nightshade
49 Oct 12, 2010 Aurora, NE Planted Aug 31, 2010 Oats, peas, radish mix 45# per acre
50 Nov 1, 2010
51 No Cover Crop Cover Crop, Volunteer Wheat Remaining April 2011
52 Snoberger Dryland Cover Crop Trial, Aurora, NE, April 2011 Sample Depth Check Inches Water 2.0 inches/ft Field Capacity Nitrogen Lbs/acre 0-12" " " Total Cover Crop 0-12" " " Total
53 75# N as NH3, 3 Reps Pioneer 33D ,000 per acre planting rate bu/acre bu/acre
54 Cover Crops, Seed Corn after Soybeans #Nitrogen/acre 10 sample Cover Crops No Cover Crop #Samples #Fields #Samples #Fields #Samples #Fields 8 24
55 Cover Crops, Seed Corn after Soybeans #Nitrogen/acre 10 sample Cover Crops No Cover Crop #Samples #Fields #Samples #Fields 8 11
56 Cover Crops, Seed Corn after Soybeans #Nitrogen/acre Cover Crops No Cover Crop 5 Yr Average #Samples
57 Cover Crops Useful in seed corn production Nutrient leaching and runoff, conservatively 18-20# N/ac from loss Good on erodible soils Timely control in spring imperative
58 Cover Crops Excellent fall and winter grazing, but compaction will enhance SDS in soybeans the next year. Will use significant soil moisture, especially if ungrazed. Helps on wet soil conditions at seed corn harvest
59 University of NE, Crop Production Clinic, Jan 2016 In Nebraska cover crops best: after silage in seed corn fields with brassicas following wheat following high moisture corn, short season soybeans
60 Kauffmans Sands Circle Edigers Northeast Kapaco South Circle Linear (Kauffmans Sands Circle) Linear (Edigers Northeast) Linear (Kapaco South Circle)
61 Sands Home Circle Carlsons South Circle Carlsons Middle Circle Linear (Sands Home Circle) Linear (Carlsons South Circle) Linear (Carlsons Middle Circle)
62 Sands Home Circle Carlsons South Circle Carlsons Middle Circle Linear (Sands Home Circle) Linear (Carlsons South Circle) Linear (Carlsons Middle Circle)
63 Huenefeld North Circle Huenefeld South Circle Huenefeld Southwest Circle Linear (Huenefeld North Circle) Linear (Huenefeld South Circle) Linear (Huenefeld Southwest Circle)
64 Univ of NE, Dr. Charles Wortmann, Crop Production Clinic, Jan 2016 If OM below steady state levels, like in eroded areas, it may be increased. Eventually get to a steady state of organic matter. Can't get back to pre cultivation OM with annual crops. Eroded soils can increase back to the steady state. Get reduction in soil erosion. But how long do the effects exist?
65 Kansas State Dryland Cover Crop Study Effects of cover crops on soil organic C concentration at two soil depths to 2008, Hesston, KS
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68 Role of Crop Consultant for Organic Crop Production Soil and compost testing Match soil low N and P areas with compost Timing of weed control with flaming, and mechanical methods Corn borer scouting, helping with other innovative insect control 68
69 Role of Crop Consultant Irrigation management Proper compost making Marketing network Crop rotations Best yielding hybrids/varieties from low inputs Become a certified organic farm inspector 69
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71 Planted to corn for # N Applied No Nitrogen Applied Jim Schneider, Hamilton Co Extension 10/28/2010
72 2011 Corn Yields Over Cover Crops With 175# N (Machine Harvested) 15 % LSD 7 bu/ac Jim Schneider, Hamilton Co Extension
73 Organic Popcorn, Spinosad (Entrust) Treated
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