Sustainable use of potato CWR and development of a pre-breeding core collection with key climate change-related traits

Transcription

1 GCDT-Project Inception Meeting Minute Sustainable use of potato CWR and development of a pre-breeding core collection with key climate change-related traits Part I : Held in Arraial D Ajuda Eco Resort, Bahia Brasil during the 11 th Solanaceae Conference Date of the Meeting: November 7 th 2014, 8:00 am Duration: 2 hours Attendees: Caroline Marques Castro (CM)caroline.castro@embrapa.br, EMBRAPA (Brazil) Francisco Vilaró (FV) fvilaro@inia.org.uy, INIA (Uruguay) Merideth Bonierbale (MB) m.bonierbale@cgiar.org, CIP (Perú) Elisa Mihovilovich (EM) e.mihovilovich@cgiar.org CIP (Perú) Benny Ordoñez (BO) b.ordonez@cgiar.org, CIP (Perú) Matías González (MG) matgon@inia.org.uy INIA (Uruguay) Items on the Agenda 1. Situation of the LOU with EMBRAPA 2. Germplasm exchange between partners 3. List of materials 4. Technical issues.- Information required in advance for guiding the best development of activities 5. Responsibilities of activities 6. First report to Donors 7. Points to treat with Carlos Lopes (Partner from CPNH in Brasilia) About situation of the LOU with EMBRAPA and germplasm exchange between partners (Items 1 and 2) - Caroline Marques (CM) was designated focal point for issues related to germplasm exchange between partners countries and Brazil. She will also continue making follow- up to the LOU with EMBRAPA authorities. She indicated that the revision and signature by EMBRAPA authorities would be completed soon. She also committed herself to be in charge of the formalities required for importing the genetic material to be used by the project and to make the follow up to speed up the procedure. - CIP and partners will share their Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). Each partner will review their corresponding SMTAs and inform about the terms and conditions of material transfer in order to prevent future delays in material deliveries - Merideth Bonierbale (MB) indicated the two terms used for the availability of genetic material from CIP

2 2 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) without restriction means any genetic material considered to be available without restriction to others for further research and breeding without any legal or contractual obligations, or technological restrictions Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture under Development (PGRFA_ud) means material that is not yet ready for commercialization and which the breeder intends to transfer to another person or entity for further development. This material is subjected to specific agreements - Caroline Marques (CM) indicated the way forward once the material is received by EMBRAPA. She pointed out that the material will be introduced through CENARGEN in Brasilia where it is quarantined and then released for research trials. - Francisco Vilaro (FV) (INIA-Uruguay) indicated that wild-derived bacterial wilt resistant parents developed by INIA-Uruguay to be used in the project will be transferred as PGRFA to CIP in order to be included as part of the Pre breeding core collection proposed by the Project. Five of these parental clones developed from wild resistant sources of S. commersonii and S. chacoense will be transferred as soon as possible and used as a practical example for applying the corresponding SMTA as well as for realizing the time the transference procedure will take. FV will go through the list already provided to the Project and uploaded to the Project WEB page, to choose the 5 parental lines to be transferred. List of materials Benny Ordonez (BO) pointed out that the list of material to be used in the project or otherwise, already in use, as well as that generated during the first year of the Project by CIP and INIA (Uruguay) have already been uploaded with their descriptive information to the Project s Website However, it is still necessary to standardize the information to be included according to the type of material Comment [FF1]: I think some clarifying is needed about germplasm available, listed in the web page to be provided. There is preliminary germplasm developed during a PGRFA project (wild accessions, F1 and BC1). These should be made available through SMTA without restriction, as proposed. Besides, there are BC2 lines developed after that project. It seems that at present CIP is interested only on transferring this more advanced material. I believe these should be made available to CWR project participants only, by now. Then, I would need a copy of SMTA_UD for reviewing within INIA. It seems that at present CIP is interested only in this more advanced material. Elisa Mihovilovich (EM) emphasized that the pre-breeding core collection will consist of up to 4 types of genetic material: 1) TS from wild accessions (germplasm available under conservation) historically documented to possess traits of interest for the Project, 2) true seed (TS) hybrid populations obtained from crosses between wild donors and breeding lines, first and advanced backcrosses; 3) wild accessions conserved as plants in CIP s germplasm collection to be used by the Project for trait assessment and introgression; and 4) new pre-breeding lines generated during the Project. Therefore, standardized information of genetic material in the project will be based on the type of material, and therefore individual databases for each should be generated. MB pointed out that genetic material list provided by partners to be used in the Project as well as new material generated must also be documented in CIP Global Trial Data Management System (GTDMS)

3 3 Technical issues.- Information required in advance that will serve as a guidance for the best development of activities MB proposed to gather historical information on bacterial wilt resistance studies performed at CIP emphasizing on races used in resistance trials and genetic material reaction. She also mentioned that since TS derived from wild sources of bacterial wilt resistance will be tested in Ethiopia by the CIP breeder Amele Asrat (settled in Ethiopia) it would be important to contact Monica Parker, CIP Pathologist settled in Kenya, to get information about advances in Ralstonia solanacearum race studies carried out in collaboration with French people in East Africa. She added that Hannele Lindqvist Kreuze from CIP headquarters may also contribute information on race studies. As for races of Ralstonia solanacearum used for assessing bacterial wilt resistance in the countries of Project partners, FV indicated that INIA-Uruguay has been evaluating for resistance to race 3 only, as this is the endemic race in potato growing areas of Uruguay. On the other hand, CM pointed out that both race 1 and 3 are present in Brazil yet in different potato growing areas, and therefore genetic material is always screened against race 1 and 3 and this screening is carried out by Carlos Lopes in Embrapa Hortalizas (CPNH). The utilization of common bacterial wilt resistance controls in evaluation trials was also discussed. Tolerant controls such as Cruza-148, Granola and Baraka were identified available between partners as well as the susceptible variety Chieftain. Some other susceptible controls such as Agata and Asterix were also mentioned by FV, however their availability from CIP s and EMBRAPA s germplasm had to be confirmed. It was also mentioned the need to implement fluorescence qt-pcr methodology for latent infection evaluation of tubers. A protocol is already available that is routinely applied by the Chemistry Faculty of the University of the Republic UDELAR in Uruguay. FV committed himself to provide and upload to the Project s Website the breeding scheme outlined by INIA-Uruguay for the introgression and incorporation of bacterial wilt resistance derived from wild species; and BO will create a section in the webpage to include this information. It was agreed that protocols to detect latent infection in tubers should be upload to the webpage. BO took advantage of the meeting to familiarize partners with the use of the Project s website MB also mentioned the evaluation of total glycoalkaloid content (TGA) in tubers of pre-breeding lines generated in the project. She indicated that after the visit to CIP of Juliana Bruzzone from INIA-Uruguay that will be held in January 2015, aimed at discussing TGA protocols and TGA analysis service costs with Gabriela Burgos (CIP Scientist working on crop nutritional quality at CIP) we will have a better outlook for choosing a service and estimating the number of samples we can afford to send for analysis.

4 4 As for heat tolerance assessment, since bacterial wilt resistance selection is performed under warm temperatures in Brazil and Uruguay, selection for warm tolerance can be performed in parallel. FV will evaluate the performance of advanced backcross lines under warm conditions in field trials in Uruguay. First Report to Donors: December 2014 FV will report on new TS hybrid families generated from BC3. BO will report on field assessment of selected late blight resistance Piurana-derived tetraploid hybrid lines for agronomical attributes and heat tolerance. Part II : Held in EMBRAPA Hortalizas Date of the Meeting: November 10 th 2014, 8:30 am Duration: A working day Attendees: Francisco Vilaró (FV) fvilaro@inia.org.uy, INIA (Uruguay) Elisa Mihovilovich (EM) e.mihovilovich@cgiar.org CIP (Perú) Benny Ordoñez (BO) b.ordonez@cgiar.org, CIP (Perú) Objective : Meeting with our partner Carlos Alberto Lopes (CL) carlos.lopes@embrapa.br (Area de Melhoramiento de la Batata) to discuss technical issues and responsibilities of project activities Items on the Agenda

5 5 1. List of materials 2. Technical issues.- Facilities and Information required in advance for guiding the best development of activities 3. Activity responsibilities Overview: FV, BO and EM traveled from Bahia to Brasilia to meet our partner Carlos Lopes from EMBRAPA. Carlos prepared carefully our visit; he opened the meeting introducing a group of scientists who working in different research areas of EMBRAPA. Group of scientist: Valdir Lourenço (Phytopathology), Agnaldo D. Ferreira (Breeding), Iriani R. Maldonade (Post-harvest), Luciana F.C Jorge (Grants and contracts -SPAT), Jadir B. Pinheiro (Nematology), Geovani B. Amaro (Sweetpotato Breeder), Mauricio Rossato (PhD student in Phytopathology). Opening of the meeting by Dr. Warley M. Born - Head of Technology Transfer, who welcomed us and then presented an Institutional video about Embrapa Hortalizas, highlighting international relations with partnerships, especially with Africa, where CIP has concentrated its efforts in the last decade. Each one took some minutes to talk about their activities. Then a video about EMBRAPA was presented to show its vision and mission. This meeting gave us a comprehensive view of EMBRAPA s objectives and activities as well as an overview of ongoing projects. Afterwards, Carlos gave us a presentation of EMBRAPA s potato breeding program for resistance to bacterial wilt. He also showed the procedures and methodology used for testing genetic material for resistance to this pathogen. He emphasized that the pillars of this program came from bacterial wilt resistance genetic material received from CIP in the 90s. FV took advantage of the morning meeting to present the scheme of INIA Uruguay breeding program for resistance to bacterial wilt (Fig 1). The afternoon was devoted to discuss project issues and visit the facilities i.e., greenhouses and laboratories where screening and evaluation tests are performed. Discussion of the agenda topics and actions to take - CL pointed out that high temperatures and humidity favored bacterial wilt symptom expression. He mentioned that races 1 and 3 are present in Brazil, however race 3 is more prevalent in growing areas in the South. He mentioned that race 1 is more variable than 3, and therefore it is unlikely to find resistance to latent infection for this race.

6 6 - We discussed how to shorten the protocol as this will take almost more than two years considering that screening is first performed for race 3 and then asymptomatic plants are allowed to tuberize and once tubers sprout naturally, they are planted under field conditions for assessing resistance to race 1. We agreed to maintain a clean copy of each genotype, skip the field trial and instead, take stem cuttings from plants selected as resistant to race 3 to then perform the screening for resistance to race 1 under greenhouse conditions (Fig 2). - We agreed Carlos would evaluate TS hybrid families from advanced backcross cycles and new introgressions developed from bacterial wilt resistance wild sources from S. commersoni and S. chacoense by INIA Uruguay. - FV agreed to send TS families as well as some pre-breeding lines selected across backcross cycles to CL for bacterial wilt resistance assessment. BO also offered to send a TS diploid hybrid family developed from a resistant accession of S. acaule. - We agreed CL would send tuber samples from asymptomatic genotypes to the Chemistry lab for testing latent infection by q-pcr. - CL pointed out to note that according to facilities and human resources, he could evaluate up to 1000 seedlings per season. He added he would prefer to receive true seed already treated with GA 1500 ppm. Comment [FF2]: I understand that we would evaluate also acaule hybrid lines developed at CIP. Besides he pointed that in the past requested Priou BW selected clones without success. Comment [FF3]: This is Chemistry lab in Uruguay? I do not recall this, quarantine issues could be troublesome. Mauricio Rosato graduate student from Brasil already received some training in MJ Pianzola lab. - FV will send TS families to EMBRAPA taking care to keep remaining seed for distribution to our partner in Ethiopia. However, if there is not remaining seed from TS hybrids identified to segregate for bacterial wilt resistance after screening trials performed by EMBRAPA, crosses will be repeated by INIA Uruguay to generate additional true seed to dispatch to Ethiopia. - CL also offered to transfer to CIP advanced breeding lines developed by EMBRAPA s potato breeding program for resistance to bacterial wilt. He mentioned of five breeding lines with good agronomical characteristics and levels of resistance that can be introduced by CIP for further distribution as PGRFA. -BP (FBA-24) -B137-MB03 (used as female) -MB (generally used as female) -MB (used as female and male) -MB51.01 (used as female and male) -MB52A-11 -MB51-02 Pedigree, descriptive and trait information will be sent promptly

7 Fig 2. New process to evaluate BW within CWR project. 7

8 8 Fig 1. Scheme of INIA Uruguay breeding program for resistance to bacterial wilt Note: cmm introgression using Phr and then Tbr is possible through 2n eggs. Chc: EBN 2. Besides there are natural F1 cmm-chc collected, treated as EBN 2. Wild accessions, F1, BC1 and BC2 are selected only through RS screening since True seed of each cycle is germinated, propagated and conserved in vitro. It is proposed that BC3 clones and further, would be screened against RS after one or two cycles of field selection for other traits.