Fast, precise, and accurate
|
|
- Julia McCarthy
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 B i op r o c e s s Technical Development and Qualification of a Generic IgG Quantification Assay Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Stefan Winheim, Anton Walser, and Matthias Kania Fast, precise, and accurate quantification technologies are indispensable for efficient process development in applications such as IgG production in a GXP environment. Based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, the Biacore C system from GE Healthcare ( is an alternative technology for IgG quantification that has benefits over traditional methods. Assay development is simplified and accelerated due to real-time detection. Assay hands-on time is reduced, and sample throughput can be increased using automation and efficient data evaluation with regulatory-compliant software. We developed a generic platform for higg quantification using the Biacore C instrument. Materials And Methods Immobilization of Mouse Anti-hIgG: Mouse anti-higg (antihuman Fc) was covalently bound as a ligand by Product Focus: IgG antibodies Process Focus: Process development Wh o Sh o u l d Re a d: QA/QC, p r o d u c t a n d p r o c e s s development, a n a l y t i c a l, and manufacturing personnel Ke y w o r d s : Co n c e n t r a t i o n, assay development, m e t h o d qualification, validation, robustness Le v e l: Intermediate Biacore C instrument ge healthcare ( means of primary amino groups on the carboxy-methylated dextran molecules of a sensorchip surface. We performed all our measurements using research-grade Biacore CM5 chips. Mouse anti-higg was immobilized using amino coupling chemistry and 1 mm acetate buffers at different ph conditions. Concentration Measurement: We selected the concentration analysis wizard from the Biacore software to perform our concentration analysis, enabling optimal settings. Samples and standards were injected at a flow rate of µl/min and a contact time of 1 seconds over the immobilized flow cell. For data evaluation, we calculated the signal differences (shown as resonance units) by setting report points 1 seconds before starting the injection of analyte or standard and 3 seconds after the initial injection. After each signal generation, the sensorchip was regenerated to dissociate the analyte ligand binding and to allow a new analyte injection. Both the response to analyte injection and regeneration were displayed in one sensorgram. To evaluate the working range of the assay, we performed a preliminary standard curve comprising a range of concentrations of higg (Ab) and evaluated the curve using a fourparameter equation. Comparison with the standard curve allowed quantification of unknown higg in samples. We examined the accuracy of this analytical method through quantification of five different cell culture samples by comparing their Ab b r e v iati o n s Ab: antibody CV: coefficient of variation EDC: 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay higg: human immunoglobulin G HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography ICH: International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use LOD: limit of detection LOQ: limit of quantitation NHS: N-hydroxysuccinimid PBS: phosphate buffered saline RU: resonance units SPR: surface plasmon resonance 3 BioProcess International Jun e 9
2 Figure 1: Preconcentration of ligand in the dextran matrix; 1 seconds injection of mouse anti-higg (Invitrogen) diluted to 5 µg/ml in acetate buffers of different ph values Signal ( 1, RU) ph Value data with the results of a validated protein A-HPLC assay and the results of a commercially available IgG- ELISA from Bethyl Laboratories (catalog number E8-1, www. bethyl.com). To check the precision of our assay, we quantified one cell culture sample containing higg in four different dilutions covering the whole working range. The test was performed on five different days using five different flow cells to determine the assay s intermediate precision. To test the robustness of our assay with regard to storage conditions, we immobilized the ligand (mouse antihigg) on flow cells of two different sensorchips. One sensorchip was stored under dry conditions in a bluecap vial at 8 C, whereas the other was stored in a blue-cap vial filled with Biacore running buffer HBS-EP at 8 C. Over one month, we performed several standard curves and compared their responses. During purification of antibodies on protein A columns, small amounts of capture molecules often leach into the eluate along with a product antibody. The binding of protein A to it, therefore, may affect the accurate measurement of a product antibody. To address this, we tested the competitive influence of protein A with regard to the accuracy of antibody quantification by preparing solutions of 15 ng/ml higg (Ab), spiking them with different concentrations of protein A, and analyzing them four times on one Figure : Regeneration scouting used 1 mm glycine-hcl solutions of different ph values; influence to the baseline (green) and to the signal responses (blue) injecting 1, ng/ml higg (Ab); cycles 1 7 = ph 3.; cycles 8 1 = ph.5; cycles 15 1 = ph.; cycles 8 = ph 1.5. Signal (RU) flow cell. Kinetic Test Evaluating the Generic IgG Platform: To check the binding characteristics of different antibodies to the immobilized ligand, we performed kinetic analyses. We determined association and dissociation rates by injecting each analyte in different concentrations over the immobilized sensorchip. To normalize buffer effects, each analyte was sequentially injected over the detection flow cell and then over the reference flow cell. The signals were subtracted from each other during the data evaluation stage. We determined the association rates (k a ), dissociation rates (k d ), and dissociation constants (K D ) in three independent assays by displaying the sensorgrams in overlay plots and fitting them on a 1:1-Langmuir model using BIAevaluation software from GE Healthcare. Re s u lt s Ligand Immobilization and Regeneration: Mouse anti-higg from Invitrogen ( was covalently immobilized as a ligand. A high level of immobilized ligand is important for sensitive concentration assays. We diluted this ligand in acetate buffers with different ph values and injected it over a nonactivated flow cell to determine Figure 3: Standard curve with the concentrations of 1, ng/ml higg (Ab), 5, ng/ml higg (Ab),,5 ng/ml higg (Ab), 1,5 ng/ml higg (Ab), 5 ng/ml higg (Ab), 31.5 ng/ml higg (Ab), 15.3 ng/ml higg (Ab), 78.1 ng/ml higg (Ab), 39.1 ng/ml higg (Ab), and ng/ml higg (Ab) Signal ( 1 RU) , 3, 3, 3,38 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,8 3, Cycle Baseline (RU) 8 1 higg ( 1, ng/ml) the best electrostatic concentration in the dextran matrix. The best electrostatic concentration of the ligand came with 1 mm acetate buffer at ph 5. as a dilution buffer (Figure 1). Using this buffer for the immobilization procedure, we obtained an average immobilization level of ~11, resonance units (RU) (data not shown). After each sample injection, the sensorchip surface was regenerated to dissociate the analyte from the ligand and prepare the flow cell for a new sample injection. We screened regeneration solutions to find a solution that fully dissociates the analyte ligand binding without affecting the ligand s binding activity. Scouting glycine-hcl solutions at the ph values of 3.,.5,., and BioProcess International Jun e 9
3 Table 1: Intermediate precision; each concentration was measured on different flow cells and on different days (interflow cell precision; n = 5). Mean (ng/ml) STDEV (ng/ml) CV (%) Confidence Interval (µg/ml)* * P = 95% 9, , Table : Average association and dissociation rates are listed with the dissociation constants of different antibodies to the immobilized ligand (n = 3). Antibody k a (1/Ms) (CV) k d (1/s) (CV) K D (nm) (CV) higg1 (Ab5) 1. 1 (7.3%) (1.7%) 3 (1.%) higg (Ab). 1 (.1%). 1 3 (13.3%) 19 (18.1%) higg3 (Ab7) (15.%) (3.%) 7 (5.8%) higg (Ab8).5 1 (1.9%). 1 3 (17.%) (5.1%) higg1 (Ab3).1 1 (.1%) (1.3%) 1 (1.1%) higg1 (Ab) (.1%) (11.7%) (13.5%) were screened for seven cycles, respectively (Figure ). In each cycle, 1, ng/ml of higg was injected for 1 seconds and then regenerated by injections of regeneration solution for 3 seconds. A stable baseline combined with a high and stable signal was obtained using 1 mm glycine-hcl at ph.5. An immobilized flow cell could be used for ~8 sample cycles under those conditions (data not shown). Working Range, Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ): To evaluate the working range of the assay, we generated a standard curve using purified higg (Ab). The results in Figure 3 show the standard curve ranging , ng/ml in this Biacore assay. We set the working range of the assay from 15.1 to 1, ng/ml, which was confirmed by the experiments described below. Furthermore, we calculated the LOD by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, which corresponds to an analyte concentration of 5 ng/ml higg. We determined the LOQ using a signal-to-noise ratio of 1:1, which corresponds to an analyte concentration of 1 ng/ml. Specificity, Accuracy, and Precision: The minimum dilution of upstream and downstream samples must be determined for each step individually. In our test, we analyzed analyte-free cell culture medium in different dilutions to evaluate nonspecific signals (Figure ). For comparison, we injected HBS-EP buffer eight times, which resulted in an average signal of.5 ±. RU. As Figure shows, cell culture samples should be diluted at least 1: to prevent unspecific binding. From a dilution of 1:, the corresponding resonance units (~ RU) were in the range of the blank (.5 ±. RU). Therefore, in cell culture supernatants the LOD was ng/ml and the LOQ was ng/ml. We examined the accuracy of the method by quantifying five different cell culture samples and comparing the results with those of a validated protein A-HPLC assay and a commercially available IgG-ELISA. The detected IgG concentrations compared well with both the validated protein A-HPLC assay and the ELISA. With the HPLC results set at 1%, we obtained recovery rates of 9 1% with the Biacore assay. We checked the intermediate precision of our Biacore assay by quantifying one higg-containing cell culture supernatant in four different dilutions on five different days and on five different flow cells (Table 1). The results of our study demonstrated precise results over the examined working range (1 1, ng/ml) with a maximum coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.7%. However, for practical reasons, we set the working range at , ng/ml. Robustness: We performed robustness tests to evaluate chip storage conditions and process-related impurities (Figures and 7). Ligand activity decreased ~9% within one month when the sensorchip was stored under dry conditions (Figure ). By contrast, when the sensorchip was stored in HBS-EP over a month, only a ~5% loss of ligand activity could be detected (Figure 7). We also tested the competitive influence of protein A on the accuracy of antibody quantification and found that protein A concentrations <1 ng/ml had no effect on the quantitation of 15 ng/ml higg (Figure 8). Affinity Dependence of a Generic Assay: Generic IgG concentration assays should be independent of the affinity between analytes and the immobilized ligand so that different immunoglobulins can be detected on one standard curve. In our tests, we checked the affinity dependence of the assay and performed kinetic measurements to compare the binding behavior with recovery rates. We quantified the recovery of different higgs on one standard curve to check whether the developed assay could be used as a generic platform. We tested four wild-type antibodies as analytes (Ab5,, 7, and 8), representing the four higg subclasses higg1 to higg. Two monoclonal higg1 (Ab3 and Ab) antibodies were also tested. As a positive control, higg (Ab) was quantified on the standard curve, which was performed using higg (Ab). Each analyte was diluted with HBS-EP running buffer to a final protein concentration of 1 µg/ml and injected five times. We calculated the recovery rates based on a target concentration of 1 µg/ml (Figure 9). Significant under- and overestimation could be shown by quantifying different antibody subtypes on one standard curve. A recovery rate of ~1% was reached only when analyte and standard material were identical (Ab). We determined the concentrations of three wild-type antibodies higg1 (Ab5), higg (Ab), and higg (Ab8) with recovery rates of ~85%, whereas the wild-type antibody higg3 (Ab7)
4 Figure : Analyte-free cell culture supernatant was analyzed in different dilutions to check minimum required dilution. Signal (RU) , was detected with a recovery rate of ~73%. The recovery rates of both monoclonal higg1 antibodies were ~15% and 3%, respectively. However, we obtained high precision (CV <%) for each antibody quantification. To analyze the different analyteligand binding behavior, we subsequently performed affinity studies. By contrast with concentration assays, only small amounts of ligand should be immobilized for kinetic assays. For this purpose, we performed our assay with an immobilization level of RU. The results of the kinetic studies (Table ) correlated very well with the recovery rates of the standard dependent measurements (Figure 9). The Dilution Factor Figure 5: Precision and accuracy of Biacore assay, a protein A HPLC assay, and ELISA were compared. HIgG concentrations in cell culture supernatants were detected (n = ). Purified higg (Ab) was used as the standard material. higg (µg/ml) ELISA Biacore HPLC Clone 1 Clone Clone 3 Clone Clone 5 monoclonal higg1 with the highest recovery rates (Ab3 and Ab) also showed the highest association rates (k a ) of.1 1 and M -1 s -1. Comparable recovery rates of the three wild-type antibodies (Ab5,, and 8) were also reflected in comparable association rates from 1 1 to.5 1 M -1 s -1. The wild-type antibody higg3 (Ab7) showed both the lowest association rate ( M -1 s -1 ) and the lowest recovery rate (73%). Di s c u s s i o n To optimize the sensitivity of an immunoassay, high amounts of ligand must be immobilized to provide many binding sites for the ligand analyte interaction because the signal of a Biacore concentration assay directly depends on the amount of bound analyte (1). Under the elicited conditions (5 µg/ml anti-higg in 1 mm acetate at ph 5.), we obtained an average immobilization level of 11, RU. This corresponds to a protein concentration of ~11 ng/mm (). The common immobilization level for proteins of MW 5 15 kda is between 7, and, RU (3). Furthermore, complete regeneration of the analyte from the sensorchip surface is essential for an accurate and precise assay to provide the same binding capacity for each analyte injection (3). Besides the complete removal of the analyte, the conservation of ligand binding activity must also be considered. Incomplete regeneration or loss of binding activity from the surface will affect the performance of an assay and shorten the lifetime of the sensorchip (3). You can determine the quality of regeneration by comparing baseline signals from cycle to cycle and examine conservation of ligand binding activity by comparing analyte signals of repeated injections with identical analyte concentrations (Figure ). Glycine-HCl, ph 3., did not fully regenerate our sensorchip (shown by the increasing baseline signal). Evidently, harsher conditions at ph. influenced the ligand binding activity because the analyte signals obtained decreased from cycle to cycle. At ph 1.5 the ligand was clearly denaturized, (shown by strongly decreasing signals and an increasing baseline). The most successful regeneration was achieved by injecting glycine-hcl at ph.5, for 3 seconds. Under such conditions, immobilized flow cells could be used for 8 cycles. To elicit the working range, we generated a standard curve (39.1 1, ng/ml) and evaluated both LOD and LOQ by determining signal-to-noise ratio. After evaluation of the results obtained during accuracy and precision studies, we set the working range at , ng/ml. With about two log ranges, this assay is comparable with published Biacore concentration BioProcess International Jun e 9
5 Figure : Standard curves were performed over a period of one month on a dry-stored sensorchip (Ab1). Signal ( 1 RU) higg ( 1, ng/ml) 8 1 Day Day 1 Day Day 3 Day 5 Day Day 7 Day 1 Day 8 Figure 7: Standard curves were performed over a period of one month on a sensorchip stored in HBS-EP running buffer (Ab1). Signal ( 1 RU) higg ( 1, ng/ml) Day Day 1 Day Day 3 Day 5 Day Day 7 Day 1 Day 8 assays ( ). Compared with protein A-HPLC (working range 1 1 µg/ ml), the Biacore C method was more sensitive. The ELISA was the most sensitive method but also the least precise, with a working range of ng/ml. The Biacore assay described here can detect low titers with high precision. Therefore, this method can be used from the start of cell line development through product purification to release of a final product. By contrast, only higher higg concentrations can be measured with the traditional protein A-HPLC. Interflow cell measurements on different days covering the examined working range showed that the method provides good intermediate precision with CVs <%. Comparable Biacore antibody assays have CVs of % (5). The superior accuracy of the Biacore assay can be shown by quantifying different harvest samples and comparing the results with a validated protein A-HPLC and a commercial higg-elisa. With recovery rates of 9 1% compared with the HPLC, our assay is more accurate than other Biacore assays, which have recovery rates of 9 1% (). The recovery rates of the commercial ELISA were 9 11% compared with the HPLC and were thus less accurate than our Biacore assay. Because of the range of applications for surface plasmon resonance, an immobilized sensorchip must be stored outside the instrument. In a docked sensorchip, low buffer flow conserves ligand activity. Our testing of storage conditions for the sensor chip outside the Biacore C instrument showed that ligand activity could be best conserved in HBS-EP at 8 C for at least a month. Additionally, we tested the robustness of our assay with regard to process-related protein A impurity. Affinity chromatography in protein A columns is a common method in biotechnological processes for the purification of monoclonal antibodies following fermentation. Because of the high specificity of protein A constructs to the Fc-region of antibodies, a product purity of >98% can be obtained in a one-step process (7, 8). Usually, small amounts of leached protein A (up to 5 ng/ml) remain in the eluate of protein A columns (, 8). We show here that protein A concentrations up to 1 ng/ml did not influence higg quantification. Generally, IgG concentrations in protein A eluates are in the milligram range, so small amounts of protein A would not Figure 8: Competitive influence of protein A to the quantitation of 15 ng/ml higg (n = ) 15 1 Figure 9: Quantitation of different higgs on one standard curve (n = 5); each antibody was diluted to 1 µg/ml. The standard curve was prepared using higg (Ab). ng/ml 35 higg (n = ) 3 Recovery (%) Recovery (%) Protein A (ng/ml) 5 Ab3 Ab Ab5 Ab Ab7 Ab8 Ab higg1 higg higg3 higg Jun e 9 BioProcess International 1
6 significantly influence the quantitation. Apart from concentration, immunological methods also can be used to determine the biological activity of analytes, which is an advantage of surface plasmon resonance over analytical chromatography. In an HPLC assay, an immobilized ligand must bind to an epitope existing only in the active conformation of the analyte, and therefore inactive molecules are not bound (9 11). In Biacore assays, the total analyte amount and the amount of active molecules can be determined (1). With the protein A HPLC assay, only the total amount of protein can be determined. Therefore, HPLC assays must be combined with additional assays for activity determination. A generic assay that can quantify different higg subtypes on one standard curve is both time- and cost-saving. To produce accurate measurements, each analyte must bind the ligand with the same velocity to generate comparable signals during a defined injection time. The binding affinity between two molecules can be amplified by the substitution of one amino acid in the binding region of a molecule (13). Quantifying different antibodies on one standard curve showed that precise (CVs <%) but inaccurate results were obtained. Good recovery rates were reached only when the standard material and analyte were identical. This fact must be considered when a generic IgG assay is used in a biopharmaceutical environment. An Automated Alternative We developed and qualified a Biacore concentration assay for quantification of higg. The intermediate precision of <% and 9 1% recovery rates enabled precise and accurate quantification of higg in cell culture supernatants The elicited working range was , ng/ml higg. During robustness studies, we tested the effects of storage conditions and contaminations. Immobilized sensorchips always should be stored in HBS-EP running buffer to conserve ligand activity for several weeks. Furthermore, we have shown that protein A contaminations 1 ng/ml do not affect higg quantification in protein A eluates. Different immunoglobulins were quantified precisely but with an unacceptable level of accuracy on one standard curve. Due to affinity dependence, high accuracy was obtained only when the standard and analyte were identical. Kinetic studies proved that different immunoglobulins bound the ligand with varying association rates. Compared with other regulatorycompliant analytical methods, surface plasmon resonance has several favorable characteristics. Our Biacore assay is more precise and accurate than a commercially available IgG-ELISA, and hands-on time is reduced by its high degree of automation. Concentration measurements with a protein A-HPLC assay are less sensitive (µg range) than with the Biacore assay (ng range). Therefore, the latter can be used to analyze low-concentration samples, such as those occurring during early stages of cell culture processing. In addition, HPLC can detect only the total protein amount, not the biological activity of an analyte. Concentration measurements using analytical chromatography must be combined with activity assays to determine the concentration of active protein. By contrast, an appropriate Biacore assay can determine the total amount and the active amount of analyte in the same assay. Re fe re nces 1 Biacore Sensor Surface Handbook. Biacore AB (GE Healthcare): 3. Stenberg E, et al. Quantitative Determination of Surface Concentration of Protein with Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Radiolabeled Proteins. J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 1991: Biacore Concentration Analysis Handbook. Biacore AB (GE Healthcare): 1. Application Note 38: Rapid Development of a GMP-Compliant Biacore Assay for the Determination of Antibody Concentration. Biacore AB (GE Healthcare): 3. 5 Mason S, et al. Validation of the BIACORE 3 Platform for Detection of Antibodies Against Erythropoietic Agents in Human Serum Samples. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 19(7) 3: Abraham R, Quimby M. Validation of a Biacore C Concentration Assay. BiaJournal 3, 3: Follmann D, Fahrner RL. Factorial Screening of Antibody Purification Processes Using Three Chromatographic Steps without Protein A. J. Chromatogr. A 1, : Fahrner RL, et al. Industrial Purification of Pharmaceutical Antibodies: Development, Operation and Validation of Chromatography Processes. Biotechnol. Gent. Eng. Rev. 18, 1: Wendler J, et al. Application of an SPR- Based Receptor Assay for the Determination of Biologically Active Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381(5) 5: Zeder-Lutz G, Benito A, Van Regenmortel MH. Active Concentration Measurements of Recombinant Biomolecules Using Biosensor Technology. J. Mol. Recognit. 1(5) 1999: Sigmundsson K, et al. Determination of Active Concentrations and Association and Dissociation Rate Constants of Interacting Biomolecules: An Analytical Solution to the Theory for Kinetic and Mass Transport Limitations in Biosensor Technology and its Experimental Verification. Biochemistry 1() : Technical Note 3: Label-Free Protein Interaction Analysis in Real-Time Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Biacore AB (GE Healthcare):. 13 Braden BC, et al. Anatomy of an Antibody Molecule: Structure, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mutational Studies of the Antilysozyme Antibody D1.3. Immunol. Rev. 13, 1998: For Further Reading ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q(R1). Current Step Version, Parent Guideline 7 October 199 (Complementary Guideline on Methodology dated November 199, incorporated in November 5); MEDIA17.pdf (Link:.5.8). c Corresponding author Stefan Winheim is a scientist in quality control, Anton Walser is quality control team leader, and Matthias Kania is project leader of API production at Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH in Mittelstraße 18, 8871 Laupheim, Germany; 9-739/71-, fax 9-739/71-3; stefan. winheim@rentschler.de; BioProcess International June 9
AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland *For correspondence:
Binding Affinity Measurement of Antibodies from Crude Hybridoma Samples by SPR Dorin Mlaki Ndao, David T. Hickman, María Pilar López-Deber, Aurélien Davranche, Andrea Pfeifer and Andreas Muhs * AC Immune
More informationValidation of a concentration assay using Biacore C
GE Healthcare Application Note 48 Biacore systems Validation of a concentration assay using Biacore C Guideline for development of a GxP - compliant concentration assay Support for informed decision-making
More informationPerformance of a fast Surface Plasmon Resonance based MAb quantification method
Performance of a fast Surface Plasmon Resonance based MAb quantification method T. Björkman, E. Monié and T. Eriksson GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, R&D, Björkgatan 30, SE-751 84 Uppsala, Sweden First
More informationProtein-peptide Interaction by Surface Plasmon Resonance Eiji Ishii, Yoko Eguchi and Ryutaro Utsumi *
Protein-peptide Interaction by Surface Plasmon Resonance Eiji Ishii, Yoko Eguchi and Ryutaro Utsumi * Bioscience Department, Kinki University, Nara, Japan *For correspondence: utsumi@nara.kindai.ac.jp
More informationSURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE-BASED SYSTEMS
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE-BASED SYSTEMS ADVANCED METHODS IN BIOENGINEERING LABORATORY 3/1/2011 1 Schedule Week 1: Introduction Reagents preparation Ligand immobilization of Protocol 1 Week 2: Kinetics
More informationGE Healthcare. Biacore X100. Getting Started
GE Healthcare Biacore X100 Getting Started 2 Biacore X100 Getting Started 28-9615-81 Edition AA Contents Contents Biacore X100 Getting Started Introduction... 5 Requirements...5 References...5 Contents
More informationGE Biacore T Check that the waste bottle is empty.
GE Biacore T200 General Care and Maintenance The instrument should be left ON at all times, and in Standby Mode. Report problems immediately in the booking system: https://ppms.us/hms-cmi. Refer to the
More informationProteOn XPR36 Quantikinetics: Antibody Concentration and Detailed Kinetic Analysis in a Single Experimental Cycle
ProteOn XPR36 Quantikinetics: Antibody Concentration and Detailed Kinetic Analysis in a Single Experimental Cycle Gary Ross, Mingde Zhu, Ruben Luo, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., 2 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules,
More informationLigand immobilization using thiol-disulphide exchange
A P P L I C A T I T E 9 Ligand immobilization using thiol-disulphide exchange Abstract This Application ote describes an immobilization procedure based on thioldisulphide exchange, providing a valuable
More informationBIAffinity Application Note
BIAffinity Application Note Rifs analysis of the interaction between antibody mab1 and mab1 binding peptide pep1 1 Introduction The BIAffinity used in these studies is based on the detection principle
More informationApplications of rapid immunoassays (FAST ILA) in cell culture/fermentation and process development using the Threshold System
ILA Application Note Applications of rapid immunoassays (FAST ILA) in cell culture/fermentation and process development using the Threshold System INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of the concentration
More informationQualifying SPR immunogenicity assays Dr. Christian Kühne
Qualifying SPR immunogenicity assays Dr. Christian Kühne Bioagilytix / IPM Biotech global CRO for large molecule bioanalysis supporting pre-clinical & clinical studies Biomarker, Pharmacokinetics, Immunogenicity
More informationThe World Leader in SPR Technology. Jimmy Page, PhD, Biacore, Inc.
The World Leader in SPR Technology Jimmy Page, PhD, Biacore, Inc. Objectives of Biacore Experiments Yes/No Data» Is there binding?» Ligand Fishing Concentration Analysis: How MUCH? Active Concentration
More informationCharacterization of Small Molecule to Protein Binding
Silicon Kinetics Application Note 11 Characterization of Small Molecule to Protein Binding Summary Label-free technologies are mostly used for detection of biomolecular interactions between proteins or
More informationBasic Biacore Course. Introduction to SPR technology. Biacore Training
Basic Biacore Course Introduction to SPR technology What Biacore measure Biomolecular Interactions Specificity Kinetics How Specific... How Fast & How Strong... Affinity Concentration Thermodynamics How
More informationLabel-free interaction analysis in realtime using surface plasmon resonance
GE Healthcare Technology Note 23 Biacore systems Label-free interaction analysis in realtime using surface plasmon resonance Providing quantitative data on: report point Specificity sensorgram To what
More informationApplication of Biacore Technology
Principles and typical results Application of Biacore Technology Common types of Biacore analyses Specificity analysis Is my molecule of interest specific for its target? Multiple binding analysis In which
More informationGE Healthcare Life Sciences. A year of interaction with Biacore X100
GE Healthcare Life Sciences A year of interaction with Biacore X1 Protein interaction research Real-time monitoring of binding events using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) gives a deep understanding of
More informationEnhance Your Protein Interaction Research with A New Level of Bench-Top Productivity
LAMDAGEN C O R P O R A T I O N Enhance your research with real-time monitoring and quantitation of biomolecular binding with highly sensitive detection in a label-free format 9 Enhance Your Protein Interaction
More informationBIA Experimental Designs
s What are the Basics? Immobilization Binding Interactions Regenerations Controls 1 BIA Terminologies Ligand : Bound component Analyte: Flow-through component BIA Terminologies Resonance Units: Units used
More informationReflected light a b. prism. flow chamber. flow chamber
GE Biacore T200 Getting Started Guide Introduction The Biacore T200 is an instrument for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), an optical technique that measures changes in refractive index near a metal surface
More informationBiacore The high performance research system. Work with high sensitivity
Biacore 3000 The high performance research system Work with high sensitivity direct detection of small molecules at < 1 nm concentration increased resolution for kinetic analysis measurement of weak affinities
More informationprotein interaction analysis tech note 5540
protein interaction analysis tech note 55 Screening, Ranking, and Epitope Mapping of Anti-Human IL-9 Supernatants Tsafrir Bravman, 1 Vered Bronner, 1 Daniel Laune, 2 Nicolas Novali, 2 Dominique Piquer,
More informationApplication Note. Author. Abstract. Biopharmaceuticals. Verified for Agilent 1260 Infinity II LC Bio-inert System. Sonja Schneider
Combining small-scale purification and analysis of monoclonal antibodies on one instrument Protein purification with high-volume injection using the Agilent 126 Infinity Bio-inert Quaternary LC System
More informationUniversity of Colorado Denver, Biophysics Core Facility August 2008
1 I. Introduction. The majority of this tutorial is derived from the Biacore manual, Getting Started BIACORE 3000. This tutorial is designed to acquaint the user with the basic operating principles and
More informationLabChip GXII: Antibody Analysis
WHITE PAPER LabChip GXII: Antibody Analysis Antibody Analysis using microfluidic technology in high throughput Quality by Design Experiments Abstract Current initiatives in Process Analytical Technology
More informationProtein A Assay. Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Natural & Structurally Conserved Recombinant Protein A Catalog # F050.
Protein A Assay Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Natural & Structurally Conserved Recombinant Protein A Catalog # F050 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in quantitating Protein A ligands
More informationBiacore X100. GE Healthcare Life Sciences. Biacore X100 Plus Package. Biacore X100 delivers:
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Data file 28-9592-29 AB Biacore label-free interaction analysis Biacore X100 Biacore X100 (Fig 1) is an automated and versatile system for comprehensive, label-free analysis
More informationCapacity and performance of MabSelect PrismA protein A chromatography resin
Capacity and performance of protein A chromatography resin is a protein A resin of which both the ligand and the base matrix have been optimized. The resin exhibits improved capacity over its predecessor
More informationLecture FO7 Affinity biosensors
Lecture FO7 Affinity biosensors Dr. MAK Wing Cheung (Martin) Biosensors & Bioelectronic Centre, IFM Email: mamak@ifm.liu.se Phone: +4613286921 (21 Feb 2014) Affinity biosensors Affinity biosensors: devices
More informationImmunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins. Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Clinical Immunology
Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Clinical Immunology swanson@amgen.com Causes of Immunogenicity Sequence differences between therapeutic protein and endogenous
More informationMagSi Beads. Magnetic Silica Beads for Life Science and Biotechnology study
MagSi Beads Magnetic Silica Beads for Life Science and Biotechnology study MagnaMedics Diagnostics B.V. / Rev. 9.2 / 2012 Wide range of products for numerous applications MagnaMedics separation solutions
More informationMix-N-Go Protein A Assays
Mix-N-Go Protein A Assays Immunoenzymetric Assays for the Measurement of Protein A Catalog # F600 and Catalog # F610 Intended Use These kits are intended for use in quantitating natural recombinant Protein
More informationStreptavidin Mag Sepharose
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Data file 28-9921-05 AB Protein sample preparation Streptavidin Mag Sepharose Streptavidin Mag Sepharose (Fig 1) is a magnetic bead for simple and efficient enrichment of target
More informationTowards an optimized in-vitro SPR assay for antibody Fcg receptor binding kinetics
Towards an optimized in-vitro SPR assay for antibody Fcg receptor binding kinetics Åsa Frostell 1, Robert Karlsson 1, Jerrard Hayes 2, Matilda Lindgren 1, Pauline Rudd 2, and Cecilia Annerén 1 1 GE Healthcare
More informationDiscovery and Humanization of Novel High Affinity Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to Human IL-17A
Discovery and Humanization of Novel High Affinity Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to Human IL-17A Contacts: Marty Simonetti martysimonetti@gmail.com Kirby Alton kirby.alton@abeomecorp.com Rick Shimkets
More informationAccurate comparability assessment of a biosimilar interferon in process development
Application note 9-1154-78 AC Protein analysis Accurate comparability assessment of a biosimilar interferon in process development This application note describes how to achieve accurate comparability
More informationA novel approach to Protein A capture chromatography to help decrease cost of clinical manufacturing and reduce supply chain risk
PRODUCT BULLETIN POROS MabCapture A resins A novel approach to Protein A capture chromatography to help decrease cost of clinical manufacturing and reduce supply chain risk Introduction As cell culture
More informationBiosensing Probe for Quality Control Monitoring of the Structural Integrity of Therapeutic Antibodies
Supporting Information Biosensing Probe for Quality Control Monitoring of the Structural Integrity of Therapeutic Antibodies Hideki Watanabe, Seiki Yageta, Hiroshi Imamura, and Shinya Honda *,, Biomedical
More informationSelection guide Biacore consumables
Selection guide Biacore consumables No matter what you want to get out of your interaction analysis, GE Healthcare has developed a range of tools designed specifically to make Biacore assays as easy and
More informationContaminant human transferrin assay
ILA Application Note Contaminant human transferrin assay INTRODUCTION Human transferrin is an 8, Dalton glycoprotein found in human serum that facilitates transport of iron between cells. The iron-poor
More informationMolecular Interactions Research
Molecular Interactions Research Group (MIRG) Satya P. Yadav, Aaron P. Yamniuk, John Newitt, Michael L. Doyle, Ed Eisenstein, Thomas A. Neubert Presented at: ABRF 2013 (RG9 session), Palm Springs, CA March
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 215 Supporting Information Quantitative Description of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of the
More informationInstruction AB
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Instruction 28-9242-34 AB Biacore Biotin CAPture Kit Product description Order code: Contents: Storage: Kit capacity: 28-9202-33 (Biotin CAPture Kit) 28-9202-34 (Biotin CAPture
More informationCharacterization of drug-plasma protein interactions using surface plasmon resonance
GE Healthcare Characterization of drug-plasma protein interactions using surface plasmon resonance Binding to plasma proteins is a key parameter in evaluating candidate compounds during the lead optimization
More informationGE Healthcare Life Sciences. Biacore systems. Confidence that comes with the right interactions
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Biacore systems Confidence that comes with the right interactions Confidence that comes with the right interactions Biacore systems from GE Healthcare Life Sciences Label-free
More informationProSep Ultra Plus Chromatography Media
Data Sheet Data Sheet ProSep Ultra Plus Chromatography Media The highest dynamic binding capacity protein A affinity chromatography media, designed for cost effective, large-scale purification of today
More informationprotein interaction analysis tech note 5367
protein interaction analysis tech note 5367 Rapid Optimization of Immobilization and Binding Conditions for Kinetic Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using the ProteOn XPR36 Protein Interaction
More informationRhinophase -AB, Zirconia-based Monoclonal Antibody Purification System
Rhinophase -AB, Zirconia-based Monoclonal Antibody Purification System Welcome to the sixth issue of ZirChrom's electronic newsletter. This newsletter introduces a biocompatible stationary phase useful
More informationReducing Non-Specific Binding in Surface Plasmon Resonance Experiments
1 Reducing Non-Specific Binding in Surface Plasmon Resonance Experiments SUMMARY Reducing non-specific binding (NSB) is essential to generating accurate data with SPR The effect of bovine serum albumin,
More informationAssays and Strategies for Immunogenicity Assessment. Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Medical Sciences Clinical Immunology, Amgen
Assays and Strategies for Immunogenicity Assessment Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Medical Sciences Clinical Immunology, Amgen General Antibody Assay Strategy Correlation of clinical findings
More informationAVB Sepharose High Performance
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Data file 28-927-54 AB Custom designed media AVB Sepharose High Performance AVB Sepharose High Performance is an affinity chromatography medium (resin) designed for the purification
More informationprotein interaction analysis
protein interaction analysis protocol guide 5821 Guide to Ligand Immobilization on the ProteOn XPR36 System Laura Moriarty, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547 USA.
More informationValidation of Analytical Methods used for the Characterization, Physicochemical and Functional Analysis and of Biopharmaceuticals.
Validation of Analytical Methods used for the Characterization, Physicochemical and Functional Analysis and of Biopharmaceuticals. 1 Analytical Method Validation: 1..1 Philosophy: Method validation is
More informationApplication note. Guideline for validation of analytical methods using Cedex Bio, Cedex Bio HT, and Cedex HiRes Analyzers.
Application note Guideline for validation of analytical methods using Cedex Bio, Cedex Bio HT, and Cedex HiRes Analyzers April 216 Doerthe Druhmann, Sabrina Schuette, Dr. Dirk Ponsel Pharma Biotech, Penzberg,
More informationmab Titer Analysis with the Agilent Bio-Monolith Protein A Column
mab Titer Analysis with the Agilent Bio-Monolith Protein A Column Application Note Biopharmaceuticals and Biosimilars Authors Emmie Dumont, Isabel Vandenheede, Pat Sandra, and Koen Sandra Research Institute
More informationContaminant bovine transferrin assay
ILA Application Note Contaminant bovine transferrin assay INTRODUCTION Bovine transferrin, a 76, Dalton glycoprotein, is one of the constituents of bovine serum. Transferrin found in serum can be associated
More informationMACROMOLECULAR AFFINITY CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY. India. There are 4 instruments in the facility. They are Biacore2000,
MACROMOLECULAR AFFINITY CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE S P ABOUT This facility was established in 1997 with support from DBT, Govt. of India. There
More informationConfidently analyze the widest range of targets with unmatched flexibility and sensitivity.
Confidently analyze the widest range of targets with unmatched flexibility and sensitivity. Small Molecules Fragment Screening Crude Samples Whole Cells Viruses Lysates Serum Immunogenicity Protein & Antibodies
More informationDetection and Quantitation of Residual Host Cell DNA
Detection and Quantitation of Residual Host Cell DNA White Paper Author: Phil Kuhlman, Biopharmaceutical Technical Specialist 1 Abstract All biological drug products are required to be characterised for
More informationQuantifying small numbers of antibodies with a near-universal protein-dna chimera
Quantifying small numbers of antibodies with a near-universal protein-dna chimera Ian Burbulis, Kumiko Yamaguchi, Richard Yu, Orna Resnekov & Roger Brent Supplementary figures and text: Supplementary figure
More informationSurface plasmon resonance
Surface plasmon resonance P. Anton van der Merwe 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE. 4 2.1. Principles 4 2.2. Applications 5 2.2.1. What SPR is good for 5 2.2.2.
More informationDuring biopharmaceutical
B i op r o c e s s Technical Development of an In-House, Process-Specific ELISA for Detecting HCP in a Therapeutic Antibody, Part 2 Edward Savino, Bing Hu, Jason Sellers, Andrea Sobjak, Nathan ajewski,
More informationProtein A Assay. Cygnus Technologies, Inc. Revision #8-07. Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Protein A Catalog # F400.
Protein A Assay Cygnus Technologies, Inc. Revision #8-07 Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Protein A Catalog # F400 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in quantitating Protein A. The
More informationAcademic laboratories have embraced localized
V E N D O RVoice Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Bioprocess Development, Monitoring, and Validation Daniele Gerion and Gwo-Jen Day Academic laboratories have embraced localized surface plasmon
More informationContaminant bovine IgG assay
ILA Application Note Contaminant bovine IgG assay INTRODUCTION Bovine IgG, a 16, Dalton protein, is one of the constituents of bovine serum. Fetal calf serum containing bovine IgG is commonly used in mammalian
More informationComparison of different methods for purification analysis of a green fluorescent Strep-tag fusion protein. Application
Comparison of different methods for purification analysis of a green fluorescent Strep-tag fusion protein Application Petra Sebastian Meike Kuschel Stefan Schmidt Abstract This Application Note describes
More informationUniversal Solution for Monoclonal Antibody Quantification in Biological Fluids Using Trap-Elute MicroLC-MS Method
Universal Solution for Monoclonal Antibody Quantification in Biological Fluids Using Trap-Elute MicroLC-MS Method Featuring the SCIEX QTRAP 6500+ LC-MS/MS System with OptiFlow Turbo V source and M5 MicroLC
More informationHuman Serum Albumin Assay
Human Serum Albumin Assay Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Human Serum Albumin Catalog # F055 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in quantitating human albumin (HSA). The kit is for
More informationRegeneration Scouting Kit
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Instruction 22-0618-29 AC Biacore Regeneration Scouting Kit Product description Order code: Contents: Storage: Safety: BR-1005-56 Ethylene glycol (p.a.), 11 ml Glycine-HCl,
More informationAccelerate mab Characterization Using Automated Sample Prep
Accelerate mab Characterization Using Automated Sample Prep David Knorr, Ph.D. Automation Solutions Ning Tang, Ph.D. LC/MS 15 February 2012 Page 1 Protein Sample Processing Workflows Glycan Profiling Biological
More informationAn effective platform for purification of IgM monoclonal antibodies using Hydroxyapatite
An effective platform for purification of IgM monoclonal antibodies using Hydroxyapatite Frank Hensel, Patrys, GmbH Pete Gagnon, Validated Biosystems 5th International Conference on Hydroxyapatite and
More informationAcademic laboratories have embraced localized surface
V E N D O RVoice Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Bioprocess Development, Monitoring, and Validation Daniele Gerion and Gwo-Jen Day Academic laboratories have embraced localized surface plasmon
More informationCapture of human single-chain Fv (scfv) fusion protein on Capto L affinity medium
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Application note 29-0144-56 AA Affinity chromatography Capture of human single-chain Fv (scfv) fusion protein on Capto L affinity medium We describe the capture of a single-chain
More informationPhage Antibody Selection With Reichert SPR System
Phage Antibody Selection With Reichert SPR System Reichert Technologies Webinar April 4, 2016 Mark A. Sullivan, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Presentation Outline
More informationApplying Affimers. Dr Amanda Nicholl at Avacta Life Sciences. Improving Antibody PK Assay Development
Improving Pharmacokinetic Assays in a Regulatory Bioanalysis Setting Applying Affimers With an increasing number of antibody-based therapeutics entering the clinic, the need for validated anti-idiotypic
More informationBiacore. Sensor Surface Handbook
Biacore Sensor Surface Handbook Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Principles of Biacore systems... 7 1.2 Biacore terminology... 7 1.3 Components of Biacore systems... 9 1.3.1 The SPR detection system... 9 1.3.2
More informationGE Healthcare Life Sciences. Label-free interaction and stability analysis in vaccine design and development
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Label-free interaction and stability analysis in vaccine design and development Analytical tools for modern vaccines The growing public awareness of a potential pandemic, requiring
More informationBiacore. Concentration Analysis Handbook
Biacore Concentration Analysis Handbook Biacore Concentration Analysis Handbook :IVWMSR%%(IGIQFIV &MEGSVI 'SRGIRXVEXMSR%REP]WMW,ERHFSSO )HMXMSR(IGIQFIV:IVWMSR%% 'ST]VMKLX &MEGSVI%& %PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH2STEVXWSJXLMWTYFPMGEXMSRQE]FIVITVSHYGIH
More informationGE Healthcare Life Sciences. Biacore Assay Handbook
GE Healthcare Life Sciences Biacore Assay Handbook 1 Introduction 1.1 What Biacore systems measure... 5 1.2 Where Biacore systems are used... 5 1.3 Scope of this book... 6 1.4 Biacore system range...
More informationHeLa Host Cell Proteins
HeLa Host Cell Proteins Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of HeLa Cell Host Cell Proteins Catalog # F810 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in determining the presence host cell protein
More informationcolorimetric sandwich ELISA kit datasheet
colorimetric sandwich ELISA kit datasheet For the quantitative detection of human IL6 in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatants and urine. general information Catalogue Number Product Name Species cross-reactivity
More informationRAT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ANTI-MOUSE IMMUNOGLOBULINS
RAT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ANTI-MOUSE IMMUNOGLOBULINS Supplied by: dianova GmbH Warburgstrasse 45 20354 Hamburg Phone: +49 (0)40 45 06 70 Email: info@dianova.de www.dianova.com MOUSE IMMUNOGLOBULINS 1 (Sub)classes
More informationBiacore 8K. One solution for small molecule and biotherapeutic screening/characterization. GE Healthcare. Label-free interaction analysis
GE Healthcare Label-free interaction analysis Biacore 8K Biacore 8K efficiently delivers binding data with the quality you expect, meeting your toughest challenges in small molecule and biotherapeutic
More informationTotal Mouse IgG Immunoglobulin Assay
Total Mouse IgG Immunoglobulin Assay Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Total Mouse IgG Immunoglobulin Catalog # F049 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in quantitating total mouse IgG.
More informationProtein A Mag Sepharose Xtra Protein G Mag Sepharose Xtra
GE Healthcare Data file 28-9768-1 AA Protein sample preparation Protein A Mag Sepharose Xtra Xtra products are magnetic beads designed for efficient, high capacity small-scale purification/screening of
More informationSensoLyte Anti-PLP ( ) IgG Quantitative ELISA Kit (Mouse) *Colorimetric*
SensoLyte Anti-PLP (139-151) IgG Quantitative ELISA Kit (Mouse) *Colorimetric* Catalog # 55524 Kit Size One 96-well strip plate This kit is optimized to detect mouse anti-plp (139-151) IgG. Wells are pre-coated
More informationBiacore System description. GE Healthcare. Biacore label-free interaction analysis. Optional software packages
GE Healthcare Biacore label-free interaction analysis Biacore 4000 Biacore 4000 offers a complete solution for large-scale, label-free molecular interaction analysis, delivering high throughput without
More informationProtein Interaction Analysis
/proteininteraction/ ProteOn XPR36 Protein Interaction Array System 310 Instrument 310 Software 312 Regulatory Tools 314 Sensor Chips 315 Kits, Reagents, and Consumables 317 Protein Interaction Analysis
More informationUser Manual. Cat. No
User Manual ELISA Amplification System Cat. No. 19589-019 Table of Contents 1. Notices to Customer... 1 1.1 Important Information... 1 1.2 Precautions... 1 2. Overview... 2 3. Methods... 4 3.1 Components...
More informationMaximizing Assembly and Yield of Unmodified Bispecific Antibodies
Maximizing Assembly and Yield of Unmodified Bispecific Antibodies Pauline Malinge Head of Molecular Interaction Facility 1 Outline Introduction The κλ body format The κλ body platform Bispecific Antibody
More informationChinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Proteins. Catalog # F015
Cygnus Technologies, Inc. Revision #6-08 Chinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Proteins Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Chinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Proteins Catalog # F015 Intended Use This
More informationSaccharomyces cerevisiae Host Cell Proteins
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Host Cell Proteins Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Host Cell Proteins Catalog # F135 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in determining
More informationCapto Blue and Capto Blue (high sub)
Data file 28-9369-6 AD Affinity chromatography Capto Blue and (high sub) and (high sub) are affinity chromatography media (resins) for the capture of human serum albumin (HSA), as well as purification
More informationSolvent Correction versus In-line Reference Measurement
Technical Note Solvent Correction versus In-line Reference Measurement Optical systems such as SPR and BLI often have difficulty with nonspecific noise when measuring low molecular weight analyte in organic
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Chan et al. 10.1073/pnas.0903849106 SI Text Protein Purification. PCSK9 proteins were expressed either transiently in 2936E cells (1), or stably in HepG2 cells. Conditioned culture
More informationP. fluorescens Host Cell Proteins
P. fluorescens Host Cell Proteins Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of Pseudomonas fluorescens Host Cell Proteins Catalog # F450 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in determining the presence
More informationHEK 293 Host Cell Proteins 2 nd Generation
HEK 293 Host Cell Proteins 2 nd Generation Immunoenzymetric Assay for the Measurement of HEK 293 Host Cell Proteins Catalog # F650 Intended Use This kit is intended for use in determining the presence
More informationCharacterization of Aptamer Binding using SensíQ SPR Platforms
Characterization of Aptamer Binding using SensíQ SPR Platforms APPLICATION NOTE INTRODUCTION Aptamers have the potential to provide a better solution in diagnostics and other research areas than traditional
More informationHuman BMP-2 ELISA Kit
Human BMP-2 ELISA Kit 2 3 Contents Introduction 3 Reagents 3 Storage 4 Additional Materials Required 4 Reagent Preparation 4 Assay Procedure 6 Assay Procedure Summary 7 Calculation of Results 8 Specificity
More information