BIOBAN GA 50 Antimicrobial

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1 Product Information Antimicrobial For use as disinfectant, and preservative for products during storage. General Antimicrobial is a high performing microbiocide based on 50% glutaraldehyde (CAS Reg. No ) in water, that has found widespread use in a variety of industrial applications. In the European Union, BIOBAN GA 50 is a biocide which can be used in disinfection formulations for surfaces, materials, equipment and furniture (Product Type 2 of the Biocidal Product Regulation (EU) 528/2012: Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals), in disinfection formulations in veterinary hygiene (Product Type 3: Veterinary hygiene), in disinfection formulations for food and feed areas (Product Type 4: Food and feed area) and as a preservative for products during storage (Product Type 6: Preservatives for products during storage). BIOBAN GA 50 can help to eliminate microbial contamination problems. Based on the powerful and unparalleled antimicrobial action of glutaraldehyde, this high-performance antimicrobial provides excellent control over a wide variety of microorganisms. BIOBAN GA 50 is effective over a wide range of ph and temperature conditions, and is extremely effective at very low concentrations. Structure O O H H Physical Properties The following are typical properties of Antimicrobial; they are not to be considered product specifications. Appearance:... Transparent colorless Active, % Glutaraldehyde (w/w): C: to 4.5 Solubility in water, 20 C:... Miscible Boiling point: C/213 F Freezing point: C/-6 F Specific 220 C: Vapor 20 C: mm Hg based on glutaraldehyde (0.27 hpa) Special Features and Benefits Antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, mold and yeast Fast-acting Functional over a broad ph and temperature range Non-surface active and non-foaming Compatible with commonly used wet-end additives High salt tolerance Complete solubility in water Compatible with anionic, nonionic and cationic dispersants Can be diluted or deactivated easily Not affected by the presence of hard water Page 1 of 9

2 Good chemical compatibility with many other antimicrobials Non-halogenated materials Does not contain or release formaldehyde Does not contain heavy metals. Product Performance Antimicrobial is easily dissolved in water. Its biocidal activity is due to the ability of glutaraldehyde to react with primary amines, such as those present in the lysine and arginine amino acids that are components of the microbial cell wall. The fixative action can prevent a microorganism from carrying on its normal metabolic functions, resulting in cell death. BIOBAN GA 50 is effective in both acidic and basic systems. However, the rate of antimicrobial activity is dependent on several factors, including ph, time, temperature and concentration. Of these factors, ph is the most important in determining preservative activity under typical use conditions. The effect of ph on the rate of kill of Enterobacter aerogenes, a Gram-negative bacterium, is profiled in Figure 1. Figure 1 Rate of Kill versus ph Complete kill (hours) Organism: E. aerogenes Temperature: 25 C Concentration: 45 ppm active 30 min 75 min 2 hr 6 hr 9 hr ph of testing media It can be seen that the rate of kill is approximately ten times faster at ph 8.0 than at ph 5. This difference is presumably caused by the slower reaction rate of this biocide with the protonated amine groups of the cell-wall amino acids at acidic ph. Increases in temperature and Antimicrobial concentration will enhance antimicrobial activity at all ph s. In the acid state, surfactants can enhance the activity of BIOBAN GA 50 by wetting the surface of the organism and thereby permitting faster penetration. Since BIOBAN GA 50 is compatible with most cationic, nonionic and anionic surface-active agents, the matrix will ultimately influence the selection of a surfactant. Figure 2 compares the effectiveness of BIOBAN GA 50 to the efficacy of formaldehyde against different bacteria. This study was conducted in isotonic saline at ph 6.5 and 25 C without surfactant. IT shows that BIOBAN GA 50 is several times more efficacious than formaldehyde on an active basis. The minimal cidal concentration for each bacterium was determined after a 24-hour contact time. Page 2 of 9

3 Figure 2 Minimum Cidal Concentrations of Antimicrobial and Formaldehyde on Various Organisms in Saline Solution Parts Per million, 100% actives basis Formaldehyde Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus liquefaciens Product Applications Note: Due to differences in regulatory jurisdictions, it is up to the user to confirm with regional and local regulatory authorities that all approvals are in place prior to product use. Papermaking Additives (Product Type 6) A wide range of additives are used in the papermaking process to impart specific propertiesto the finished product. A majority of these chemicals, including biocides, are added to the wet stock and are referred to as wet-end additives. While it is important that the biocide does not interfere with the function of the additives, it is equally important that the additives do not have deleterious effect on the efficacy of the biocide. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine if commonly used wet-end additives would adversely affect the performance of Antimicrobial. Table 1 shows the effect of alum, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, rosin, starch, sulfite and titanium dioxide on the biocidal efficacy of 25 parts per million (ppm) active substance. All additives were tested at a concentration of 0.5 percent, with the exception of calcium carbonate (0.1 percent) and sulfite (0.005 percent). The experiments were conducted at ph 7, using a pure strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results compare the efficacy of the active substance in the presence of the additives with a sample that contained the biocide alone. After one hour, all samples showed a greater than 99% reduction in microorganism levels. After three hours, the reduction was essentially complete, demonstrating the effectiveness of BIOBAN GA 50 in the presence of these chemicals. Page 3 of 9

4 Table 1 Effect of Chemical Additives on the Efficacy of Antimicrobial (BIOBAN GA 50 AM) Efficacy Chemical Additive Microorganism Level, CFU/mL 2 Sample 1 1 hr. 3 hr. Unpreserved Control 6.7 x x 10 6 Antimicrobial alone 5.0 x 10 1 ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Alum ND ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Calcium Carbonate 1.4 x x 10 2 BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Kaolin 3.1 x 10 3 ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Rosin ND ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Starch 1.1 x 10 2 ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Sulfite ND ND BIOBAN GA 50 AM + Titanium Dioxide ND ND (1) All samples contained 25 ppm active ingredient, except for Control which contained no slimicide (2) CFU/mL = Colony Forming Units per milliliter ND = None Detectable Pigments and Filler Slurries for Paper and Paperboard Use from 0.1 to 0.6 kg of Antimicrobial per 1,000 kg dry powder to produce a concentration of 100 to 600 ppm as product (based on slurry solids) in the mixed slurry. Water-Based Coatings for Paper and Paperboard NOTE: For use in non-food contact coatings only. Use from 0.1 to 0.6 kg of BIOBAN GA 50 per 1,000 kg dry powder to produce a concentration of 100 to 600 ppm as product (based on slurry solids) in the mixed slurry. Efficacy in Pigment Slurries BIOBAN GA 50 can effectively control the level of microorganisms in pigment slurries. Table 2 shows that between ppm of BIOBAN GA 50 will kill challenges of 1 x 10 6 CFU/ ml of organisms in a kaolin slurry within 24 hours. This level of efficacy is maintained for at least 28 days and growth of microorganisms is suppressed for a minimum of 4 months. Somewhat higher initial levels of BIOBAN GA 50 will control additional challenges of bacteria after 100 days have passed. Table 2 Efficacy of Antimicrobial (BIOBAN GA 50 AM) in a Kaolin Slurry Challenge: Escherichia coli + Citrobacter freundii (~10 6 CFU/mL) at Day 0, 28, 112, 119 Efficacy Antimicrobial (ppm) Initial* 1 Day 29 Days 112 Days 119 Days x x x x Challenge: Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, P. aeruginosa (~10 6 CFU/mL) at Day 0, 28, 111 Efficacy BIOBAN GA 50 AM (ppm) Initial* 1 Day 29 Days 106 Days 112 Days x x x x = Effective as preservative - = not effective as preservative * = microorganism count (CFU/mL) determined <2 hours after challenge Efficacy in disinfection EN 13697: Quantitative Surface Test for the Evaluation of Bactericidal and Fungicidal Activity Page 4 of 9

5 Antimicrobial activity was tested using the European disinfection test EN 13697; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics-quantitative non-porous test for the evaluation of bactericidal and fungicidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional area. The concentration of BIOBAN GA 50 needed to achieve a kill of 4 orders of magnitude (4 Log 10 ) in 5 min. contact time for bacteria and 3 orders of magnitude (3 Log 10 ) in 15 min. contact time for fungi is shown in Table 3. Table 3 disinfection efficacy of Antimicrobial Concentration of Test organisms Bacteria Culture Collections Antimicrobial to achieve a kill of < 4 Log 10 with a 5 min contact time at 20 C Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB % w/w Escherichia coli ATCC % w/w Enterococcus hirae ATCC % w/w Staphylococcus aureus ATCC % w/w Test organisms mold and yeast Culture Collections Aspergillus niger ATCC % w/w Candida albicans ATCC % w/w w/w: percentage in weight ATCC. American Type Culture Collection NCIMB. National Collection of Industrial, Marine and Food Bacteria Concentration of BIOBAN GA 50 Antimicrobial to achieve a kill of < 3 Log 10 with a 15 min contact time at 20 C In order to determine the right Antimicrobial concentration for a specific use, the efficacy of the product must be evaluated using additional tests which are appropriate to its intended use. To learn more on the efficacy of BIOBAN GA 50 against viruses, please contact your Dow Microbial Control local representative. Applications Summary The exact concentration of Antimicrobial needed to effectively preserve a product will vary, and is best determined through the use of laboratory preservation tests. However, the uses listed in Table 4 are recommended uses for BIOBAN GA 50. For specific directions for use, please contact your Dow Microbial Control local representative. Page 5 of 9

6 Table 4 Antimicrobial recommended dose-rate Applications BPR Product type Sub-Applications Disinfection of medical instrument Recommended Dosage Rate (product, % as supplied) 0.4-6% w/w for manual disinfection Disinfection 2 Veterinary hygiene 3 Disinfection of food and feed area Preservatives for products during storage 4 6 Hard surface disinfection Chemical toilets disinfection Disinfection of the materials and surfaces associated with the housing or transportation of animals Dipping of hatching eggs Boots and trucks wheels disinfection Disinfection of food processing vessels, rooms where food is processed/ stored Preservatives for Detergents (e.g. laundry softeners, liquid detergent, wax emulsion, car polish) Preservation of latex emulsion and water-based coatings Preservation of mineral slurries Preservation of adhesives and glue w/w: percentage in weight, w/v: percentage in volume % w/w automatic disinfection 0.28% w/w (Hospitals), 0.6% w/w (Industrial areas) 10-30% w/w in the concentrated disinfection formulation, up to 0.1% in the flush toilet 0.2% w/w spraying, 4% w/w fogging 0.2% w/w 0.2% w/w 0.2% w/w % w/w % w/v % w/v % w/v Please note that not all products are registered in all regions for all applications, and that in regulated European countries, approved dosages can vary. Please contact your Dow Microbial Control representative for detailed technical information applicable to your individual situation. Compatibility Concerns The presence of ammonia, primary amines, or proteins in a product formulation or contaminated system can decrease the effectiveness of Antimicrobial. However, the loss of efficacy may be minimized by adjusting the ph of the sample to an acidic ph (if the sample to be preserved will maintain its integrity at an acidic ph). This action will form amine salts that are far less reactive with glutaraldehyde than is the free-amine form. BIOBAN GA 50 will not react with, and is useful in, systems containing Page 6 of 9

7 secondary amines (at concentrations of less than 0.05%), tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. Compatibility with Materials of Construction Antimicrobial is compatible with the following materials of construction: Stainless steel 316 and 304, nickel and high density polyethylene (HDPE), Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (polyester and vinyl ester). BIOBAN GA 50 is compatible with the following gasketing materials: Silicone, Kalrez, Teflon and GRAFOIL. Glutaraldehyde and the Environment Many studies have been performed on glutaraldehyde to determine its potential to biodegrade in the environment. Glutaraldehyde is a readily biodegradable compound that has little environmental impact when handled properly. Due to its rapid decomposition, both aerobically and anaerobically, it has a favorable ecotoxicology profile. The details of two of the many biodegradation studies that have been performed on glutaraldehyde are in Figure 3. The OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 301 series of biodegradation protocols are designed to determine the biodegradation potential of substances under stringent conditions. In one such biodegradation test, glutaraldehyde met and exceeded the OECD ready biodegradability classification criteria and thus was found to be readily biodegradable. Figure 3 % Biodegradation of Glutaraldehyde (GA) in OECD 301A Test % Biodegradation % Threshold Sodium Benzoate Control GA Biodegradation Day Complete details on the biodegradation tests mentioned, as well as many other environmental fate and ecotoxicology tests performed on glutaraldehyde, are summarized in a Dow publication entitled Ecotoxicology of Glutaraldehyde (Form No ) available upon request. Page 7 of 9

8 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism T 1/2 in river water hr. Carbon dioxide was the major metabolite, with glutaric acid as intermediate. O O O O H H HO OH CO 2 Glutaraldehyde Glutaric Acid Carbon Dioxide Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism T 1/2 in river water hr. 1,5-Pentanediol was the major metabolite. O O O H H Glutaraldehyde H OH HO OH 5-Hydroxypentanal 1,5-Pentanediol Toxicology Handling Precautions For product safety information, refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). In accordance with the Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, Glutaraldehyde is classified as a skin and respiratory sensitizer. Good handling practices with proper skin protection, good ventilation and measures to reduce exposure below the recommended occupational exposure levels, appropriate spills cleaning and disposal, will protect against both dermal and respiratory sensitization and allow continued use of Antimicrobial. Before using this product, consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details on product hazards, recommended handling precautions and product storage. The processing and use of industrial chemicals require adequate technical and professional knowledge. In general, avoid eye and skin contact, wear safety goggles, gloves and protective clothing. In case of eye or skin contact despite precautionary measures, wash immediately and thoroughly with plenty of warm water and obtain medical attention. The legal requirements prevailing in your country, especially on working hygiene and in the avoidance of accidents, must be observed. Storage Store products in tightly closed original containers at temperatures recommended on the product label. Disposal Considerations Dispose in accordance with all local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Empty containers may contain hazardous residues. This material and its container must be disposed in a safe and legal manner. It is the user s responsibility to verify that treatment and disposal procedures comply with local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Contact your Dow Technical Representative for more information. Page 8 of 9

9 Summary Product Stewardship Customer Notice For further information visit our website: or call: Central and Eastern Europe: Turkey Russia Poland Western Europe: (toll-free) (phone) (fax) North America: (toll-free) (phone) (fax) Middle East and Africa: UAE South Africa (toll-free) Greater China: Shanghai Beijing Guangzhou Taiwan Southeast Asia: Philippines Indonesia Singapore Thailand Vietnam Malaysia Australia and New Zealand: (phone) (fax) Japan and Korea: Japan Korea Indian Subcontinent: (phone) (fax) Latin America: (phone) (fax) Other Global Areas: (phone) (fax) At recommended dose levels, Antimicrobial is useful in controlling microorganism growth in various products during storage. It can also act as a fast-killer in disinfectant products (please refer to the product label for specific use directions). BIOBAN GA 50 is compatible with most common papermaking additives and displays excellent biodegradation in the environment. When considering the use of any Dow product in a particular application, review the latest Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and country-specific product label to ensure the intended use is within the scope of approved uses. Dow has a fundamental concern for all who make, distribute, and use its products, and for the environment in which we live. This concern is the basis for our product stewardship philosophy by which we assess the safety, health, and environmental information on our products and then take appropriate steps to protect employee and public health and our environment. The success of our product stewardship program rests with each and every individual involved with Dow products from the initial concept and research, to manufacture, use, sale, disposal, and recycle of each product. Dow strongly encourages its customers to review both their manufacturing processes and their applications of Dow products from the standpoint of human health and environmental quality to ensure that Dow products are not used in ways for which they are not intended or tested. Dow personnel are available to answer your questions and to provide reasonable technical support. Dow product literature, including Safety Data Sheets (SDS), should be consulted prior to use of Dow products. Current Safety Data Sheets are available from Dow. Notice: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer s use and for ensuring that Customer s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to Dow or the Company mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. USE BIOCIDES SAFELY. ALWAYS READ THE LABEL AND PRODUCT INFORMATION BEFORE USE. Page 9 of 9