CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology

Transcription

1 CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture 11 Chapter 3 Plas1cs Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering 1

2 Overview of topics Chapter 3 Plas1cs Resins Produc1on of Phenolic and Epoxy resins Polymers and their Engineering Proper1es 2

3 Resins Resin is also hydrocarbon secre1on of many plants, par1cularly coniferous trees. It is valued for its chemical proper1es and associated uses, such as the produc1on of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents; as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis. Resins On the basis of deriva1on, plas1cs can also be grouped as 1. Natural resins 2. Synthe1c resins 3. Cellulose deriva1ves 4. Protein products 3

4 Types of resins and plastics with some common trade name Thermose,ng Resins Thermoplas1c Resins Cellulose deriva1ve Polymer resin Phenolic resins Cellulose nitrate Vinyl Amino resins Cellulose acetate Polyamides Alkyd resins Ethyl cellulose Polyethylene Epoxy resins Cellulose propionates Polypropylene Polyester Cellulose- acetate butyrates Fluorocarbons Polyamides Ethyl cellulose Polysulfonates 4

5 Phenolic Resin Balasubramanian S 5

6 Phenolic Resin Phenol Phenol- Cresol Steam Water Formaldehyde Sulfuric acid Process Phenolic Resins Ac1vators Dyes 6

7 Phenolic Resins Production 7

8 Uses of phenolic resins Phenolic resins 1. Packing films and sheets 2. Containers 3. Wire cable insula1on 4. Pipes 5. Coa1ngs, molds, and toys etc., 8

9 Kettle or Auto Clave Reactor Balasubramanian S 9

10 Ribbon Blender Balasubramanian S 10

11 Hammer Mill Balasubramanian S 11

12 Amino Resins Urea Formaldehyde 12

13 Ball Mill 13

14 Epoxy resins Bisphenol A + Epichlorohydrin Epoxide groups or polymer 14

15 Resin Properties and its Applications Resin Types Proper1es Applica1ons Epoxies Phenolics Polystyrene Polyamides Excellent chemical Resistance, good electrical and thermal proper1es adhesion proper1es, strong and tough with low shrinkage Good strength, heat stability, and impact resistance, high resistance to moisture penetra1on and chemical corrosion Low cost, east of processing, excellent resistance to acids, and bases, so]ened by hydrocarbons, and transparency Tough, strong and easily moldable; light; abrasion resistance; good chemical resistance; low coefficient of fric1on. Laminates, Adhesives, Floorings and linings Electrical components, structural boards, Laminates, glues, and adhesives Insula1on, pipe, foams, thin walled containers, appliances and rubbers. Unlubricated bearings; 1res; watch straps; packaging and boales. 15

16 Polymers in engineering applications Binder: This is usually a resin or cellulose deriva1ve Fillers: Cellulose, Coaon fibers, Glass fibers or fabrics may be added to increase strength Plas1cizers: Plas1cizers are organic chemicals added to synthe1c plas1cs in order to (I) Improve the workability during fabrica1on (II) Reduces the viscosity of the resin and also impart flexibility to finished product Lubricants: Lubricants such as stearates and other metallic soaps are used par1cularly in cold- molding compounds to facilitate the molding opera1on 16

17 Polymers in engineering applications Engineering plas1cs are high- strength; high performance materials that can be subs1tuted for many metal uses. There are wide variety of engineering plas1cs available. Each one has its own special proper1es, and thus care must be taken in choosing a resin of par1cular use. These materials are o]en the usual plas1cs but have been carefully manufactured to posses extra quality proper1es. These materials shows beaer resistance towards wear impact and corrosive chemicals and have excellent electrical proper1es. Some of the uses of engineering plas1cs are automobile bumpers and dash boards, pumps, valves and gears, drive sha]s and transmission in heavy duty equipment. 17

18 References 1. Dryden C. E, Outlines of Chemical technology for the 21 st Century, 3 rd edi1on, East- West Press (2004) 2. Aus1n G. T, Shreve s Chemical Process Industries, 5 th edi1on, Mc Graw Hill Interna1onal edi1ons (1984) 18

19 Thank you 19