Earlier Detection of Microbial Activity to Monitor the Raw Milk Product Using ARM Processor

Transcription

1 ISSN No: Earlier Detection of Microbial Activity to Monitor the Raw Milk Product Using ARM Processor *Corresponding Author: P.Roshini P.Roshini, J.Mahanandhini, D.Vennila Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India. Received: 03/01/2017, Revised: 15/02/2017 and Accepted: 29/03/2017 Abstract Now a days many of the Smart City innovated an attempt to identify the latest technologies which can solve problems that many of the cities face the problems in daily life such as poor air quality and health related issues, and hence create a network of partner cities to share the ideas for future progress. This issue which is to facilitate smarter cities through latest trends and so world sensing is discussed. In human life, Food safety in rural and urban areas is a very important topic, as it closely affects the health of citizens. Recently it highlight that raw milk contain pathogenic organisms which could result in illness if consumed which can increase the incidence of disease and results in improper quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to develop tools for real-time and smart sensing for quality monitoring, so and to make appropriate and timely decision. In this paper, we present a low-cost cooperative monitoring tool that allows one to know, in real-time, the concentrations of gases in raw milk. As the raw milk is stored for many days the growth of bacteria will be more which results in undesirable smell, taste and toxic substances. Hence there is need for monitoring system to detect and identify the spoilage of milk and produce a healthy product. Therefore this work helps in early detection of toxic substances in milk to avoid complications in the initial phase for a good final product. The proposed prototype is an ARM based monitoring unit which monitors the unwanted ingredients present in the tested milk with the help of TGC gas sensors. The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the head space of milk is degraded drastically and contaminated when it is found with bacteria, Senescent, photo oxidation, and provident metals such as copper, Iron and nickel. The raw milk obtained has some bacteria which do not have ill effect but as it is refrigerated and stored for many days there will be rapid transformation of bacteria which yields in to spoilage of milk. So there should be appropriate measures to handle the raw milk in order to avoid degradable effects. Keywords ARM; Gas sensor; Spoilage; Volatile organic compounds; 66

2 I.INTRODUCTION In advanced technology it led to improvement in early identification, detection of degradable products in the market. Recent Innovations in the field of science and Engineering have led to growth in food products also. Certainly in the present environment there is a significant need of monitoring system to define the quality of the perishable dairy products. The basic necessity of a human being is milk which has high calcium and carbohydrates which provide much strength to human body. The assessment of food products is an essential need to the society as this leads to the development of urbanization. Raw milk requires attention or a quality control to assess the dairy product before manufacturing [11] or producing in to various milk products. The analysis of milk involves sensory elements to describe the nature and essence of the product which is a great challenge. Rapid processing and development of milk products requires a cost effective tool in order to assess a final milk product. Milk obtained from healthy cow is with bacteria but as the time is spent in storing the milk it yields in to Multiplication of bacteria produces spoilage of milk, Smell and Taste. Various sensory system were proposed for a standard milk process but still the accuracy in the system in not up to the mark. Therefore spoilage of milk can be reduced by involving the sensory system in initial stage so as to have a healthy product at the end. This work involves detection of spoilage of milk due to contamination of microbial bacteria which can be detected easily from the presence of acetic acid and ethanol, acetaldehyde present in the head space of the milk which is not present in the raw milk before it gets spoiled. Food Raw Milk Spoilage microorganism or microbial activity A wide variety of different microbes Pasteurized Milk Psyshrotrophs, Poreformers, Microbial enzymatic degradation Concentrated Milk Spore Forming Bacteria, Osmophillic Fungi Dried Milk Microbial enzymatic degradation 67

3 While pent anal, hex anal and iso pentanal indicate copper induced oxidation in milk, ageing of milk can be significantly identified through the present of dimethyl sulphide, pentanal etc. It is observed that the head space of milk from the cow bearing genetic defect contains tri methyl ammine hence by detecting the VOC s responsible for the off flavour. II. RELATED WORK The proposed system is designed with MOS based sensing units for the purpose of real time quality analysis of raw milk products. The sensors were formulated and calibrated to a various concentrations of volatile organic compounds which were responsible for volatile milk flavors. The proposed prototype is an ARM based monitoring unit which monitors the unwanted ingredients present in the tested milk. Earlier analysis of raw milk was carried with highly advanced analytical instruments such as FTIR, UV- visible Spectrometer and mass chromatograph. These Instruments do not provide high portability, feasibility while handling which results in to high costs and creates more complex situation. The results shown by this instruments are with very poor accuracy III. E-NOSE MONITORING UNIT The proposed system consists of various sensors and RF wireless units as depicted in fig.1.the basic units is a Sensory system which is directly exposed to the milk samples from 3cm distance where the responses of each sensors are observed from the milk surface. The Sensors [10] collects data samples from the Spoiled raw milk and this data is processed in the form of gas molecules. If the input data of the gas molecules is in the form of (parts per million) to voltage then by using the heating elements the above data is considered for the further process. The heating element is heating as per the concentration of the molecules and it depends on the molecules levels to convert vapour gas in the form of voltage. The voltage values are varying continuously according to the concentration of the spoiled milk where vapour gas molecules are represented with parts per million. The sensors are connected to the LPC 2148 IC which presents the processing of the data values in the form of voltages and it is displayed by using the LCD Module. The maximum voltage is produce at the LCD display the more chemical concentration factors are available in the test milk. The tested raw milk shows the amount of spoilage which is to decide and compare the good raw milk voltage levels with spoilage raw milk voltage levels. If the minimum voltage levels are available the raw milk is good and if the maximum voltage levels are available the raw milk is spoiled. If the maximum voltage levels are available then this is to indicated by the indicators using LED s. The total data can be monitoring in the PC by using the RF ZigBee module where its role is to transfer the data from ARM 7 unit to remote PC by using the peer to peer protocol. The data can be displayed on to the PC terminal window which is 68

4 achieved by flash magic tool periodically by data updating of all sensors which can be continuously monitored and recorded in the PC. A. GAS SENSORS The proposed work is done with the three sensors which are 813, 2620, 822. Theses sensors give the information to LPC 2148 processor which is again processed rd MEC International Conference on Big Data and Smart City and displayed on the LCD. The sensors used are made from Tin oxide semiconductor. 813 T G S LPC LCD DISPLAY PC INTERFACE LED INDICATO BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ALL SENSOR SYSTEMS B. 813 This type of gas sensors is made from tin dioxide(sno2) semiconductor which produces a low conductivity in clean air. 813 sensor is much sensitive in nature to propane, Methane and also butane. This type of sensor is suitable for monitoring LPG Gases and also it suitable in detecting wide range of gases for industrial applications. The significant advantage of this sensor is it is of low cost. 813 sensor immediately finds the concentration in air where it s simple electrical circuit converts the conductivity charge in to an output signal and its gas concentration corresponds in turn. 69

5 Circuit diagram of 813 C. 822 Figaro gas senor is made up of Tin Dioxide(sno2) semiconductor and produces very low conductivity in free air. Usually the conductivity of Figaro gas sensor increases in rapid with respect to the gas concentration in air in the presence of detectable gas The conductivity change to an output signal is changed with respect to gas concentration which is possible with the use of electrical circuit. Usually 822 is sensitive in nature for the solvent vapours. This sensor is much adapted for detecting combustible gases such as carbon monoxide in the present market. D Sensor is based on Metal oxide semiconductor layer which formed with alumina substrate for sensing chip together with integrated heater. The detectable gas concentration is detected depending on the gas concentration present in the air which increases the conductivity of sensor. The conversion of conductivity in to an output signal is 70

6 done by means of electrical circuit but depends on the gas concentration. PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SENSOR STRUCTURE value. Now we can see the observed voltage of each sensors in the given table. It helps to sense the gases by its given Chemical Acetal Dehyde Acetic Acid Dimethyl Sulphide Hexane Aldehyde React ive Sens or , 813 Varied Voltage Maximum Voltage , ,

7 IV. LPC 2148 PROCESSOR In the proposed work 32 bit ARM TDMI-S Microcontroller is used which has 512kB on chip flash memory and 32 KB on chip static RAM The interface or accelerator is 128-bit wide which uses frequency of 60Mhz in operation. This microcontroller supports in system programming with boot loader software which works for 400ms and has erasing capability of 256 bytes in 1ms. Sensors with LPC 2148 processor can be easily interfaced with 8 analog inputs and uses 10 bit ADC channel. The Conversion time for Analog to digital data is very low of 2.44micro seconds. LPC 2148 processor is a RISC processor which gives simplicity and throughput efficiency and provides very fast context switching and interrupt response. The Architecture has 16-bit thumb instruction set with 32-bit ARM instruction set which enhances the speed and reduces the complexity and avoids complications in memory interfacing. A. ZIGBEE NETWORKS Zigbee networks are basically based on IEEE standard.As depicted in fig. Zigbee stack that is operating at low power with large network size is the special feature of Zigbee. The Figure VI shows the comparison of Zigbee network with contemporary wireless technologies like Wi-Fi etc. Fig.Zigbee stack B.Zigbee pro series1 Zigbee pro series 1 can be used as router for the end devices for configuring there are 20 pins separate for input and output are defined. To perform communication using X-CTU software without change in hardware. 72

8 C.Comparison of Zigbee network V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 73

9 The proposed model was evaluated to define the efficiency of raw milk. For doing this milk samples were collected from local farms without adding any preservatives into it. These milk samples were directly exposed to the sensor array at 3cm distance from milk surface and the response of each sensor is collected by flash magic software. V. CONCLUSION One of the Key aspects of our work is so related to the Internet of things because the proposed work is an integration of Heterogeneous sensors in a distributed system which performs the action in a physical world based on the environmental information gathered by the sensors and describes the application related constraints and requirements. A metal oxide semiconductor based sensor is used as e-nose for real time quality determination of raw milk. The milk samples were collected from local farms without adding preservatives and were exposed directly to senor array from 3 CM distance and its response was collected in flash magic software. This novel method proposed is used for decision making with threshold limit to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds which are major reasons for off flavors of milk. The e-nose prototype or usense model developed presents utmost performance and its response is validated in real time. In simple it can be said that it is the best suitable model for raw milk quality analysis in real time with low cost and more flexibility. This model is portable and simple to use. It can be easily adapted because as it provides appreciable selectivity and improved response when compared with existing methods. usense has been tested extensively through experimental measurements performed in different areas of a city and has proved to be both reliable and efficient 74

10 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank all our supporting systems for providing facilities to complete this work and special thanks to my guides for their encouragement and support. REFERENCES [1] Brudzewski, k., osowskl, s., Mickiewicz, t.: sens. Actuators b (2004) [2] Ampuero,. S et.al. Sens. Actuators b (2003) [3] Hettinga, et.al. int. Dairy j (2008) [4]. Magan, n., pavlou, a., chrysanthakis, l., sens. Actuators b (2001) [5] Marsalis, r.t.: j agric food chem (1999). [6] Marsalis, r.t.: j. Agric food chem (2000). [7] figaro (tgs 813). [8] Deguo wang et.al., Rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli 0157 in raw milk by loop medicated isothermal amplification combined with chemo sensor from Milchiwissenchaft 67(4) [9] Durgajanani siva lingam and John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan Development of E-nose prototype for Raw milk quality discrimination.journal of Food quality [10] S.Asif Hussain, et.al- Accurate Face Recognition system based on ARM 9 processor using HAAR wavelets International Journal of Engineering Research(IJER),March 2014,PG.N0: e-ISSN NO: p- ISSN [11] S.Asif Hussain, Dr. D. Satya Narayana, Dr. M.N. Giri Prasad OTSU s Thresholding with back projection modeling for neural network data sets International Journal of Image, Graphics and signal processing,published by Modern education and computer science press Volume 6,Issue 7 March 2014, e-issn: p- ISSN: DOI: /ijigsp