Optimized Warning and Protection System for Vehicle Using RFID-based Networks

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1 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(28), DOI: /ijst/2016/v9i28/91211, July 2016 ISSN (Print) : ISSN (Online) : Optimized Warning and Protection System for Vehicle Using RFID-based Networks Bhulakshmi Bonthu*, Arunava Kar and J. Jabanjalin Hilda School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore , Tamil Nadu, India; bhulakshmi.b@vit.ac.in, arunavakar.cse@gmail.com, Abstract The process of detecting stolen vehicles on roads has become very difficult due to increase in the number of vehicles. The proposed technique facilitates the circumstance and aides in finding the stolen vehicles by using intelligent systems. The method is implemented using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, Unique IDentification (UID) code, microcontroller, Arduino and LCD display. The modules incorporated extract the UID code from RFID tag and compare with the UID which is already present in database. In the case of matching, the stolen vehicle will be detected and information will be displayed to the administrator at toll plaza. The deployment of this method will provide the details of stolen vehicles without direct contact of vehicles. It has many advantages such as high precision and the system can work under extensive environment and recites from long distance. Keywords: Arduino, Microcontroller, Protection, RFID, UID, Vehicle, Warning 1. Introduction With the modernization in the urban level and the advancement in the field of technology, there has been an unwanted rise in the number of vehicles which in turn had aggravated the problem of stealing of vehicles. To solve this problem of finding stolen cars we are using Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) technology 1. RFID represents an improvement over bar codes. RFID, one of the by-products of the technological advancement, relies heavily on storage and remote retrieval of data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. The technology relies heavily on cooperation between an RFID reader and an RFID tag. A read write memory is present with every RFID Tag installed in a device. A device meant for tracking reads the data when the vehicle approaches the toll system and uses a comparison algorithm to compare it with the data in the computer database 2,3. If the Unique IDentification (UID) code matches with the UID code of the stolen vehicle then the toll gate will remain close and the stolen vehicle will be detected. But if the UID is not in the defaulter list then the gates will open automatically. The entire system is proposed as an intelligent system. This accounts for the detection of stolen vehicles in an easy and economical way. The UID code of the stolen vehicles will be entered in the system by the administrator. The administrator will also have a separate RFID tag which will have an inbuilt UID code. If this UID code matches with the UID code present in the program then the administrator will have the authority to add or delete the UID of the stolen vehicles. RFID has many advantages: very high precision, high ability to adapt and fast efficient operation and so on. Moreover, it has the ability to work under harsh environment and can function effectively from a long distance. The proposed method is divided into four broad areas to achieve the target: Entering the UID code of the stolen vehicles Reading the RFID tags Matching the UID code of the car with the database Catching the stolen vehicle In the project there will be an admin who has the power of adding or deleting the UID code of the stolen vehicles. The admin will have a RFID tag in which UID code will be stored. When the admin will come near the toll plaza, the RFID reader (which is stored in the toll * Author for correspondence

2 Optimized Warning and Protection System for Vehicle Using RFID-based Networks plaza) will extract the UID code present in the RFID tag and compare it with the UID code stored in the program. If the code matches then the admin will have the authority to modify the database but if the UID code of the tag does not match then the admin will not be able to access the database. All the vehicles that pass the toll plaza will also have separate RFID tags with an UID code stored in it. The RFID reader will be stored in the toll plaza. So when any vehicle will pass through the toll plaza the RFID reader will extract the UID code present in the RFID tag of the vehicle. Then this UID code which is obtained from the car will be compared with the UID codes in the data base. If the code matches with the codes in the database then the toll gates will remain close and the defaulter will be caught. If the code does not match with the codes in the database then the toll gates will open automatically. In today s world humans have taken a huge leap in the use of smart technology because of their smart effective response and a high accuracy rate 4. It has not been possible to have everything automatic. The entry and exit points at the colleges, plazas, factories or parking lots involves human support. The operations at check points that are man handled are more prone to errors and causes a huge delay in proper decision making. Besides there has been a huge problem of change of guards on time and date basis. Thus, it becomes a nightmare for the new guards to keep a track of each and every vehicle. At times, when the visibility is very low due to natural calamities or due to fog or due to bad weather conditions, then it becomes more difficult for the recognition to occur accurately. To take care of all these factors we are using a fully automatic vehicle identification system. This system depends heavily on the effective use of a highly active and accurate RF tag on the vehicle to transmit the data whenever the vehicle comes in the range of RF reader placed at the gate of reserved parking lot or the gated communities. The RF receiver is connected to a database which holds the record of authorized people. If the data that is transmitted matches with the entry in the database, then the vehicle is authorized to have a valid entry. In case of no match, it is not allowed to enter. This system is less power consuming, environmental friendly and thus also cost efficient. 2. System Outline RFID transceiver on both the transmitter as well as the receiver side. The transceivers are programmed, tuned and interfaced with that of the microcontroller. The receiver side makes use of RFID tag which transmits the radio signals related to the information of the vehicle. It is generally attached or connected to the number plate of the vehicle. The receiver makes use of the RF reader and has a database that consists of a record of authorized people which is attached to it. Every time the RF tag comes near to the range of receiver, the details which are related to the identity of the vehicle is displayed on LCD and the gate is maneuvered in accordance with the command given by the system. The encoded signal is transmitted by the RF tag which is placed in the vehicle whenever it comes near to the receiver. It is a very complicated and a compact unit.the vehicle battery can be made use of for the power. To the micro-controller placed on the receiver side, the LCD is connected which displays the vehicle s identity and validity accordingly. Since the system makes use of an AC supply, a power controller circuit is also used. The receiver unit catches the signal transmitted by the transmitter, matches it with the database and gives back the appropriate command to the gate circuit. 3. Design and Implementation RFID has four key components: An RFID tag An RFID antenna An RFID reader An RFID station RFID Tag - Tag contains transponder with digital memory chip. There are two types of RFID Tags: Passive tags It does not have any on-board power source. It uses the power emitted by the reader to energize itself and transmit the data to the reader 4. Active tags It has an on-board power source and uses it to transmit data stored in it to the reader. RFID Antenna - an antenna packaged with transceiver and decoder - emits signal activating tag. RFID Reader - Reader detects activation signal, decodes the data on the tag s silicon chip. It is also known as an interrogator. RFID Station - Data passed to host computer. To provide access to only valid users, the system uses a 2 Vol 9 (28) July Indian Journal of Science and Technology

3 Bhulakshmi Bonthu, Arunava Kar and J. Jabanjalin Hilda Working of RFID A radio device called tag is attached to the vehicle to be detected 5. When this tagged object is presented in front of a suitable RFID reader, the reader then sends radio waves which activates the tag and transmits the data to the reader which is stored in the tag. The reader then reads the data and forwards it to the system. Hardware Requirements: RFID RFIDRC522 Microcontroller ATMEGA328P Arduino board Software Requirements: Arduino software 4. Components Required 4.1 Microcontroller ATMEGA328P The microcontroller used in this project is ATMEGA328P. It is a single integrated micro-controller created by Atmel and belongs to the mega AVR series. The specifications of the micro-controller are as follows: RAM 2-4 Kbytes Flash 32-40Kbytes Pin Count CPU 8 bit AVR Max. Operating Frequency MHz This Atmel RISC-based microcontroller includes a 32 KB of ISP flash memory that has both read-whilewrite capabilities, 2-4 KB SRAM, 1-2 KB EEPROM, 24 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timers and counters with compare modes, interrupts-both internal and external, serial programmable USART, a serial interface which is byte oriented, a 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter, a watchdog timer that can be programmed and has an internal oscillator, and five power saving modes that can be selected through software. The device operates roughly between volts. The device achieves huge throughputs approaching 1 MIPS 6. in any programming language and a compiler attached to that language produces the binary machine code. A development environment is provided by Atmel for their microcontrollers which caters widely for the development of the project. The Arduino IDE is a crossplatform application written in Java and is used as the base for all Arduino programs. It has originated widely from the Processing programming language project and the Wiring project. It has been designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers who are unfamiliar with software development. 4.3 Arduino Hardware An Arduino board includes an Atmel 8, 16 or 32 bit AVR microcontroller with complementary components that facilitates the programming and incorporation into other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is that it allows users to connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable modules known as shields. Some shields has the ability to communicate with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus - so many shields can be stacked together and has the ability to be used in parallel. A huge variety of processors have also been used by Arduino compatibles. Most boards make use of a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal in some variants although there have been some exceptions due to specific form-factor restrictions. An Arduino s microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory to a large extent, compared with other devices that typically demands for an external programmer 7. This makes using an Arduino more straightforward and very easy to use by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the programmer. The data flow of proposed method is shown in Figure Arduino Software The source code of the Arduino programs are written Figure 1. Working of RFID. Vol 9 (28) July Indian Journal of Science and Technology 3

4 Optimized Warning and Protection System for Vehicle Using RFID-based Networks 5. Technical Specifications The RFID basically consists of two parts: RFID Reader RFID Tag The RFID tag will be in built in the cars. The RFID Tag consists of in built circuit and it does not have any on-board power. The UID code of the stolen cars will be stored in the database by the admin. The admin will also have a RFID tag which will give him the power of modifying the database. When the RFID tag of the admin will come near the toll plaza, the RFID reader will send radio waves. These radio waves will be detected by the RFID tag. The RFID tag will get energized from the power emitted by the RFID reader and will transfer the data to the reader 8. The reader then converts the radio waves to more suitable form of data and will forward that data to the system. Then the UID code of the RFID tag of the admin will be compared with the UID code of the program. If the UID code of the tag matches with the UID code present in the program then the admin will be able to add or delete the UID code of the stolen cars else he won t be able to modify the database. After the UID codes of the stolen cars are entered in the database then the cars will be allowed to pass through the toll plaza. When the car will pass through the toll plaza the RFID reader will extract the UID code from the RFID tags of the cars in the same way as it did for the admin. The reader will forward that data to the system. Then the UID code obtained from the car will be compared with the UID codes in the data base. If the code matches with the codes in the database then the toll gates will remain close and the defaulter will be caught. If the code does not match with the codes in the database then the toll gates will open automatically 9,10. The working of the RFID embedded in vehicles and status of the vehicle shown in Figure 2. LCD Display is shown in Figure Protocols There are two standards that significantly affect our project: IEEE Standard designations for wireless network communications IEEE Standard provide, interfaces and methods for interfacing transducers to RFID tags and reporting transducer data within the RFID infrastructure. Figure 2. Data flow diagram. 7. Constraints, Alternatives and Tradeoffs The main aim of our project is to make a cost effective and user friendly system. We are using RFID instead of barcode reader. RFID have many advantages over barcode as mentioned in Table 1. Table 1. RFID Vs BARCODE advantages RFID Read Range It has range up to 40 feet. Read rate RFID can read multiple tags simultaneously. Identification Can uniquely identify each item tagged. Read/write Automation RFID tags support both read and write operations. RFID do not require any human involvement for data collection. BARCODE Barcode can read several inches Barcode can read only one tag at a time. Most barcodes only identify the type of item but not uniquely. Barcode support only read operations. Barcode scanners require human involvement. 4 Vol 9 (28) July Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Bhulakshmi Bonthu, Arunava Kar and J. Jabanjalin Hilda The various design constraints of proposed method are as follows: Standards: No RFID standard has been set yet.

Those signals are either lost or read with errors. Frequencies: The range of wireless frequencies is different for various regions. The variation in ranges limits the use of RFID.

5 Bhulakshmi Bonthu, Arunava Kar and J. Jabanjalin Hilda The various design constraints of proposed method are as follows: Standards: No RFID standard has been set yet. Cost: more expensive than current technologies. It requires investment to install on a good, which doesn t always pay off. Signal collision: signals can collide when multiple signals are read at once. Those signals are either lost or read with errors. Frequencies: The range of wireless frequencies is different for various regions. The variation in ranges limits the use of RFID. Reliability: More than one tag may reply at one time, causing reception errors. Security: When manufacturers insert RFID tags in products, the tag is often integrated permanently. The results obtained are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. LCD Display. 8. Result The authorization of vehicle can be automatically recognized at the entrance of the premises. When the registered vehicle comes near the entrance, gate will be open and LCD shows the information. LCD displays invalid vehicle whenever an invalid vehicle is spotted and Security Alert is issued. 9. Conclusion In this paper we have introduced a smart system that will help in detecting stolen vehicles on road. A radio device called tag is attached to the vehicle to be detected. When this tagged object is presented in front of a suitable RFID reader, the reader then sends radio waves which activates the tag and transmits the data to the reader which is stored in the tag. The reader then reads the data and forwards it to the system. 9. References 1. Priyanka D.D., Jayaprabha T, Daya Florance D, Jayanthi A, Ajitha E. A Survey on Applications of RFID Technology. Indian Journal of Science and Technology Jan; 9(2): Sundaram B.R., Vasudevan S.K., Aravind E., Karthick G., Harithaa S. Smart Car Design using RFID. Indian Journal of Science and Technology Jun; 8(11): Hasnan K., Ahmed A., Badrul-aisham, Bakhsh Q., Hussain K., Latif K. A Novel Optimal RFID Network Planning by MC-GPSO, Indian Journal of Science and Technology Aug; 8(17): Park S., Lee H. Self-Recognition of Vehicle Position Using UHF Passive RFID Tags. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2013; 60(1): Khali H., Araar A., Zennal Abdulla E. Suitability of Passive RFID Technology for Fast Moving Vehicle Identification. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences. 2014; 5(1): Kim I., Back MK., Yim HJ., Lee KC. RFID Adaptor for Detecting and Handling Data/Events in Internet of Things. Indian Journal of Science and Technology Mar; 8(S5): Kumari S. Real Time Authentication System for RFID Applications, Indian Journal of Science and Technology Mar; 7(S3): Liu H., Cheng L., Li D. Design of Smart Nodes for RFID Wireless Sensor Networks, First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, ETCS 09, Wuhan, Hubei: 2009; Zhuo H. Vehicle Management System Based on RFID Technology. Computer and Digital Engineering Jan; (1). 10. Li R. Study on the Internet of things based on RFID technique. Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Dec; 6: Vol 9 (28) July Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5

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