Influence of infill masonry walls on RC buildings
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1 Summer Workshop Influence of infill masonry walls on RC buildings João Mário Humberto Varum Panagiotis Asteris! ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF RISKS IN INFRASTRUCTURES INFRARISK-
2 Summer Workshop Influence of infill masonry walls on RC buildings Motivation Literature review Research plan! ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF RISKS IN INFRASTRUCTURES INFRARISK-
3 Research field Seismic engineering Mitigation of seimic risk Numerical modelling 3
4 Motivation Natural disasters Geophysical disasters 60" 40" 20" 0" Economical impact BN"US$" 400" 350" 300" 250" 200" 150" 100" 50" Earthquake of Kobe Earthquake of Japan and New Zealand 0" 1980" 1981" 1982" 1983" 1984" 1985" 1986" 1987" 1988" 1989" 1990" 1991" 1992" 1993" 1994" 1995" 1996" 1997" 1998" 1999" 2000" 2001" 2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 4
5 Motivation Scientific attention Number"of"publica=ons" 200" 180" 160" 140" 120" 100" 80" 60" 40" Data" Trendline"(exponen=al)" 20" 0" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010" 2015" Year" 5
6 Seismic Risk Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure Low Risk High Risk Thierry Legault, 2012 (legault.perso.sfr.fr). Dabarti CGI ( Unknown. AP Photo/Itsuo Inouye, Unknown. Unknown. 6
7 Seismic risk = Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure Structural elements Non-structural elements Boundary (foundation, soil, pounding, ) João Mário Influência de paredes de enchimento de alvenaria em edifícios de betão armado 7
8 Seismic risk = Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure Structural elements Interaction Non-structural elements Boundary (foundation, soil, pounding, ) João Mário Influência de paredes de enchimento de alvenaria em edifícios de betão armado 8
9 Influence of infill walls Globally Locally 9
10 Influence of infill walls 10
11 Failure modes In-plane Out-of-plane 11
12 Failure modes In-plane Out-of-plane Combined 12
13 Literature review Lessons from earthquakes ~20 Seismic standards ~20 Experimental work ~125 Numerical modelling ~70 Macro-modelling ~40 Micro-modelling ~30 Example 13
14 Lessons from earthquakes Earthquakes in study World 16 Europe 4 Low quality of materials Insufficient constructive detailing Insufficient shear strength Vulnerability of infill walls Collapses: Due to irregularities on the distribution of the infill walls 14
15 Seismic recommendations Philosophies Standards ~20 1 Isolation of infill masonry walls 2 Allow the use of infill walls on the designing 3 Connection between infill walls and structure is mandatory Formulations of different natural frequencies Irregularities in height and plan (structural and non-structural elements) Minimal strength capacity for the infill walls Deformation limitation to control damages Recommendations regarding positioning of openings on infill walls 15
16 Experimental work Number of experimental campaigns ~125 Linear growth with time Monotonic testing dropped and cyclic testing 25" 20" Dynamic" Cyclic" Monotonic" 15" 10" 5" 0" &1955" 1955&60" 1960&65" 1965&70" 1970&75" 1975&80" 1980&85" 1985&90" 1990&95" 1995&00" 2000&05" 2005&10" 2010&15" 16
17 Experimental work Decrease of aspect-ratio (h/l) leads to an increase of the ultimate capacity Gaps on infill-frame interface decreases considerably the horizontal strength Building s stiffness do not increase linearly with the number of walls Openings close to edges reduce more the capacity of the wall than centred Openings usually increase the ductility of the system Vertical loading on columns increase of stiffness and resistance of the system due to increase of confinement of the wall Eccentricity of the wall relative to the frame plane centre-line leads to out-ofplane bending effects, reducing both initial stiffness and ultimate capacity Horizontal bond beam increase the ductility of the system... 17
18 Refined models vs Simplified models Micro-modelling (refined) ~ 30 Macro-modelling (simplified/analytical) ~40 18
19 Numerical limitations Models with combined in-plane and out-of-plane s behaviour Failure curve of infill masonry walls for actions in both directions Parametric studies (and experimental) of double-leaf walls Calibration of simplified models for retrofitting interventions 19
20 Research plan Parametric study with a semi-refined model Abaqus Development of a macro-model OpenSees 20
21 Parametric study Volume elements Continuum element for infill wall Study: Dimensions Properties of materials Infill-frame interface conditions Eccentricities Single- and double-leaf walls Used on the calibrations of the simplified model 21
22 Simplified models (Limitations of models with single-struts) Out-of-plane behaviour Interaction between two masonry walls and its connections NodeNW BeamN NodeNE 2xElasticStrutNW 2xElasticStrutNE ColumnW 2xDummyNodeW ZeroLengthW 2xNonLinear 2xDummyNodeE ZeroLengthE ColumnE 2xDummyNodeE ZeroLengthE 2xElasticStrutSW 2xElasticStrutSE InfillDouble Model NodeSW BeamS NodeSE 4 Exterior Connections (nodes) 4 Dummy nodes 12 ( 8+2+2) Elements (8 Elastic Struts) (2 Nonlinear Central Elements) (2 ZeroLength Elements) 22
23 Interaction curve Simplified approach for assessment of failure s strength for actions combined in both directions: in-plane and out-of-plane Applicability on the simulation of real (and complex) study cases OOP #1 #2 #3 IP 23
24 FEMuA++ Software for structural analysis Programming language: C++ (used in OpenSees) (Pre- e post-processing in GiD) Testing platform 24
25 Numerical developments Semi-refined modelling Macro modelling Abaqus OpenSees 25
26 Conclusions Objectives Compilation and organization of the state-of-the-art in a database Development of a parametric study Development of a macro-model able to describe the behaviour of infill masonry walls with combined in-plane and out-of-plane actions Improve the knowledge regarding the influence of infill masonry walls on the behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings Creation of new methodologies for the designing and assessment of reinforced concrete structures with infill masonry walls 26
27 Summer Workshop Influence of infill masonry walls on RC buildings João Mário Humberto Varum Panagiotis Asteris! ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF RISKS IN INFRASTRUCTURES INFRARISK-
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