Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Burial Vaults and Graveliners 1

Transcription

1 Designation: X XXXX-XX Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Burial Vaults and Graveliners 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation X XXXX; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers the recommended design requirements and manufacturing for precast burial vaults and graveliners. 1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be considered as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents Deleted: ASTM Standards A 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement A 184/A 184M Specification for Fabricated Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement A 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement 1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 on Architectural and Structural Products. 1 THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT AN ASTM STANDARD; IT IS UNDER CONSIDERATION WITHIN AN ASTM TECHNICAL COMMITTEE BUT HAS NOT RECEIVED ALL APPROVALS REQUIRED TO BECOME AN ASTM STANDARD. IT SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED OR CIRCULATED OR QUOTED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OUTSIDE OF ASTM COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES EXCEPT WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE HAVING JURISDICTION AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY. COPYRIGHT ASTM, 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2 A 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement A 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A 996/A 996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement C 31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens C94/C94 M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete C 150 Specification for Portland Cement C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete C 990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants Current edition approved XXX. XX, XXXX. Published XX XXXX. 2

3 C 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete C 1315 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds Having Special Properties for Curing and Sealing Concrete C 1602/C 1602M Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete C 1603 Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water C 1611 Test Method for Slump Flow for Self-Consolidating Concrete Deleted: 2.2 ACI Standard 2 ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary National Concrete Burial Vault Association Standard (NCBVA) Performance Standard 3 Finished Product Testing REV Catholic Cemeteries Standards for Outer Burial Containers, October 17, 1994OSHA 29 CFR Requirements for Precast Concrete Formatted Deleted: 2.3 Formatted Deleted: 9 Deleted: 2.4 Deleted: Formatted 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions--For definitions of terms relating to concrete, see Terminology C Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: burial plot, n--for this specification, this term shall pertain to any opening in the earth in which the burial vault or graveliner is to be interred graveliner, n--(in accordance with National Concrete Burial Vault definition) a burial receptacle placed in the ground in a cemetery either sectional, dome, or box form designed and 3 Available from the National Concrete Burial Vault Association, 195 Wekiva Spring Rd., Suite 200, Longwood, FL

4 built to support the weight of the earth and standard cemetery maintenance equipment and to prevent the grave from collapsing precast concrete burial vault, n (in accordance with National Concrete Burial Vault definition) consists of a lined and sealed burial receptacle designed and built to support the weight of the earth and standard cemetery maintenance equipment, prevent the grave from collapsing, and using one or more lining and sealing materials to increase the overall tensile strength of the finished unit and reduce the risk of the intrusion of exterior elements. 4. Basis of Acceptance 4.1 Burial vaults and graveliners shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification. Other governing authorities may impose additional specifications but none shall reduce the requirements of this standard. 5. Ordering Information 5.1 The purchaser shall include the following information on the purchase order, as applicable to units being ordered Reference to this specification and date of issue Product model of unit ordered Quantity of complete units ordered Minimum internal dimensions allowable for contents Standard minimums shall be equal or greater than ½ in. (1 cm) larger on all Deleted: Acceptability of the burial vaults and graveliners produced in accordance with Section 6, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by the inspection of the finished units. Deleted: Other such requirements may be imposed if required by other governing authorities similarly as required within Catholic Cemeteries Standards for Outer Burial Containers. Such additional specifications are to be used in conjunction with this standard and may be imposed as additions and not lesser requirements to this standard. Deleted: should Deleted: These items are not required but should be deemed favorable. Deleted:, that is, number Deleted: should dimensions than contents Maximum allowable envelope dimensions. 4

5 Standard maximums shall be no less than 1 in. (2.5 cm) smaller on length and width Deleted: should dimensions of anticipated burial plot Request for additional reinforcement based on usage Special cement requirements including moderate sulfate-resisting cement, Specification C 150 Type II, or highly sulfate-resisting cement, Specification C 150 Type V. The purchaser should be advised that Type V is not universally available. If the purchaser does not stipulate, the manufacturer shall use any cement meeting the requirements of Specification C 150, while Types I and III are recommended. 5.2 Acceptance will be based on design and appearance as stated in the unpublished Practice for Precast Concrete Burial Vaults. 4 Request for information pertaining to structural and mix Deleted: The purchaser may request information pertaining to concrete strength of mix designs. design by the purchaser shall be permissible. 6. Materials and Manufacture 6.1 Cementitious Materials: Cement--Portland cement shall conform to the requirements of Specification C 150 or shall be Portland blast-furnace slag cement or Portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C 595. Deleted: Evidence of conformance shall be a certified mill test for each shipment or lot of cement Fly Ash and Pozzolanic Admixture--Fly ash or other pozzolanic admixtures shall conform to the requirements of Specification C 618, Class F or Class C Allowable Cementitious or Combinations of Cementitious Materials--The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall be one of the following: Portland cement Portland blast furnace slag cement. 4 ASTM Work Item WK828, in progress. 5

6 Portland pozzolan cement Fly ash The total content of pozzolanic additives in the cementitious material shall occupy no more than 25 % of the overall composition by weight. 6.2 Aggregates--Aggregates shall conform to Specification C 33 and lightweight aggregates shall conform to Specification C Size--Coarse aggregate shall not exceed 1/5 of the minimum thickness of the concrete section or ¾ of the clear cover between reinforcement and the surface. Utilization of material Deleted: 0 Deleted:, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply Deleted: u Deleted: fall between the minimum and maximum sizes of 3/8 to 1/2 in. (9.53 to 12.7 mm) outside of this range shall require physical testing of concrete cylinder strength and product proof strength for acceptable variance. 6.3 Water--Water used in mixing concrete shall be potable and if recycled shall not be injurious to concrete or steel. Limits and testing shall conform to Specification C 1602/C 1602M and Test Method C Air content requirements shall be subject to the table below for frost resistant concrete TABLE 1 Aggregate vs. Air Content Max Aggregate AIR CONTENT % Size Severe Exposure Moderate Exposure 3/ / / Admixtures--Admixtures shall conform to Specification C 494 and shall not be injurious to other products used in the concrete. If more than one admixture is used in a concrete mix, data shall be obtained to assure that each admixture performs as required without adversely affecting the performance of the others. 6

7 6.6 Sealing Material--Sealant shall be placed between the cover and base of a vault/graveliner to create a waterproof condition between the two components and shall conform to C Hydrostatic Pressure--The resistance to water penetration or extrusion or both shall be determined per the conditions of placement location. Water table conditions and depth of Deleted: a geotechnical engineer, if necessary, interment shall be used to determine the maximum foreseeable water pressure. Minimum allowable resistance shall prevent intrusion while subject to a pressure of 3 psi (7 kpa) Temperature--Selection of sealing material shall take into account the fluctuations of temperature that are typical for the region of placement. When sealing a unit, the effect of temperature on the sealant material shall neither allowable complete shear from extreme heat nor an incomplete seating from extreme cold Fit--The sealant shall be placed in a geometrically locked (similar to tongue and Deleted: This sealing material shall be sealable in the normal extreme cold for a region as well as resist significant shear in extreme heat. groove) location between the base and cover such that once at rest and interred, lateral forces will not dislodge this seal or separate the two components. 6.7 Liner--Burial vaults shall use a liner material internally, externally, both but do not Deleted: or Deleted: or require both. The following traits apply only to the liner that shall be used as the water barrier and do not apply to purely cosmetic features Material--The liner shall exhibit the properties of impermeability to groundwater and resistance to shear as a result of thermal expansion and contraction in relation to the concrete to which it is adhered. The material shall exhibit a tensile strength of 4 ksi (27.6 Mpa) or greater. Deleted: P Design--The liner shall be of one-piece construction and contain no seams. The only permissible break in such are in functional joints of the product in which a sealing material has 7

8 been designed to bridge the junction properly. The thickness of any liner piece shall be greater than in. (0.635 mm) Cleanliness--As forms used will be coated with a releasing agent/oil, the liner shall remain free from such or other chemicals that will deteriorate the ability to adhere to the concrete. Additionally, excessive dust and grime are not to be present or are to be removed before the application of any adhesive Adhesion--The liner material shall be kept in constant contact with the concrete by means of a chemical adhesive that creates a surface bound over the entirety of the plasticconcrete junction Strength--The adhesive used in bond application shall exhibit a shear strength not less than 150 psi (1.03 MPa). Deleted: 1471 kpa Emulsion--Adhesive used to bind concrete and plastic shall react fully during casting of the product and not be allowed to re-emulsify with future contact from groundwater Degradation--The adhesive used shall not be injurious to the liner material it is used to bind causing a lessening of the physical properties, most notably tensile strength. 6.8 Steel Reinforcement Wire Reinforcement--Wire reinforcement, when used, shall conform to Specifications Deleted: --Reinforcement is not mandatory within concrete burial vaults but may be used to achieve necessary strength minimums or increase the safety factor. A 82/A 82M and A 496/A 496M Wire Fabric Reinforcement--Wire fabric reinforcement, when used, shall conform to Specifications A 185/A 185M or A 497/A 497M Bar Reinforcement--Bar reinforcement, when used, shall conform to Specifications A 184/A 184M, A 615/A 615M, A 706/A 706M, or A 996/A 996M. 8

9 6.9 Fibers--Fibers are only permitted as a secondary reinforcing material, at the Deleted: Polypropylene or polyolefin f manufacturer s option, in precast concrete burial vaults and graveliners, but they shall be subject to physical design testing before substitution of steel reinforcement. Data shall be provided to show conclusively that the type, brand, quality, and quantity of fibers to be included in the concrete mix are not detrimental to the concrete or precast concrete product. Fibers should not be used to replace primary structural reinforcing steel. Fibers shall conform to Specification C Placement of Reinforcement--The design concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall not be less than 1/3 of the thickness of the concrete section or ½, whichever is greater. Deleted: ¾ in Deleted: (19 mm) Mixture--The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce a homogenous concrete mixture of such quality that each section will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All pure concrete mixtures shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.45 by weight. If fly ash or pozzolanic admixtures are used to supplement concrete, this ratio shall not exceed 0.41 by weight. This ratio shall take into account the amount of Deleted: must moisture contained within the aggregates. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in this section and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 700 lb/yd 3 (243 kg/m 3 ) or 650 lb/yd 3 (225 kg/m 3 ) if the mix design uses a self-consolidating concrete (SCC) or super plasticizer. Mix designs with lower cementitious materials content shall demonstrate that the quality and performance of the burial vault or graveliner meet the requirements of this specification. Daily reports of actual concrete mix proportions in each batch and quantities of concrete produced shall be kept by the producer for at least three years. 9

10 Ready-Mix Concrete--Concrete supplied by a ready-mixed concrete producer shall conform to all necessary requirements contained herein and C94/C 94M. The facilities for batching concrete supplied by a ready-mixed concrete producer shall be certified by the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. Plants shall maintain certification of such as well as mix designs, batch plant printouts, and delivery reports Concrete Placement/Pouring--Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practical in its final position. Concrete shall be placed in the form at a rate such that the concrete is plastic at all times and flows readily into all parts of the form and around all reinforcement steel and embedded fixtures without segregation of materials. Concrete that has partially hardened or has been contaminated by foreign material shall not be deposited into the form. A vault requires monolithic pieces and at no time shall cold joints be acceptable Curing--The burial vault and graveliner shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the specified compressive strength or 5,000 psi (34.47 Mpa), whichever is greater, in 28 days or less Liquid Membrane--A curing/seal agent, conforming to Specification C 1315, shall be applied to the finished product concrete surface within 4 h of stripping from the form to prevent excessive dehydration. Such compound need only be applied to vaults Environment Concrete shall be placed within a range of temperature of 50ºF to 90ºF (10ºC 32ºC) Poured product shall be protected from wind until stripping from form. Deleted: excluding the bottom surface of the base. Indications of shrinkage cracking on graveliners shall require such application unless a modification to the mix design corrects said problem. Formatted Formatted Formatted Formatted Stripped product, excluding graveliners, shall be stored under a roof protected from weather and direct sunlight. 10

11 The ambient temperature shall also not drop below 50ºF (10ºC). These conditions shall remain true until the concrete, compressive strength has reached 5000 psi (34.47 MPa) or Deleted: till 80 % of its design strength, or whichever is greater Forms--The forms used in manufacture shall be sufficiently rigid and accurate to maintain the burial vault or graveliner dimensions within the permissible variations given in Section 9. All casting surfaces shall be smooth and nonporous material. Forms shall be carefully cleaned of concrete buildup after each use. Coatings of form release agents shall not be allowed to build up Cleaning and Oiling--Forms shall be cleaned before each use. New forms shall be free of paint or other protective coatings that cling to the surface of the structure. Releasing agents applied to the form to aid in breaking the bond between the form and the concrete shall not be injurious to the concrete Handling--Handling devices or cable notches shall be permitted in each cover or base section for the purpose of handling and interring. 7. Structural Design Requirements 7.1 The Strength Design Method or the Alternative Design Method of concrete design as Deleted: elastic method of structural design of the ultimate strength method of reinforced or nonreinforced outlined in ACI 318 shall be used to design the concrete sections when the structure is subjected to the loading conditions covered in the unpublished Practice for Precast Concrete Burial Vaults Lifting systems imbedded in the concrete shall be designed for an ultimate load that is four times the working load per OSHA 29 CFR (c) (factor of safety = 4). 7.2 The minimum compressive strength of concrete (f c) for designs shall be 5000 psi (34.47 MPa) at the time of shipment. Testing shall conform to Practice C 31 and Test Method C 39/C Deleted: but shall reach such by 28 days past casting Deleted: Determination of strength Deleted: in accordance with 11

12 39M. Shipment refers to any transportation, off site, after stripping and does not solely mean delivery. 7.3 Lift equipment shall be designed for an ultimate load that is five times the working load per OSHA 29 CFR (d) (factor of safety = 5). The capacity of commercial lifting devices shall be marked on the devices or marked in the production area. Noncommercial lifting devices shall be proof tested by a certified laboratory. Records of such proof testing shall be maintained indefinitely for OSHA inspection. 8. Workmanship Deleted: three Deleted: 3 Deleted: load Deleted: to Deleted: Deleted: determine the ultimate load and a safety factor of 4 shall be used. Deleted: for a minimum of three years. 8.1 The finished product shall be free of surface voids, chips, and fractures. All edges and corners shall be clean and sharp. Surface imperfections may be repaired and acceptable for voids up to ½ in. (1 cm) in size. 8.2 Repairing Major Defects Defects in products that impair the functional use or the expected life of the product shall be considered a major defect. Major defects shall not be repaired Any crack through the product shall be a major defect. Deleted: is a case for absolute rejection of the product and no repair shall be attempted Any non-repairable product must be immediately destroyed 8.3 Repairing Minor Defects Defects not impairing the functional use or expected life of a product shall be considered a minor defect Surface plastic shrinkage cracking is acceptable up to in. (0.3 mm) in width without repair Honeycomb areas shall be repaired. 12

13 8.3.4 A record of any minor repair shall be kept including the an inspection report of the repair. 8.4 Plant Requirements Documentation for the following shall be maintained current in plant records: cement mill certificates, aggregate test reports, mix water potability test reports (unless using municipal water supply), and chemical admixture test reports Records of incoming raw materials and plant material tests shall be kept for three years. 9. Permissible Variations 9.1 Dimensional Tolerances--The length, width, or height measurements of the structure when measured on the inside surfaces shall not deviate from design dimensions by more than those in Table 1. TABLE 2 Design Dimensions Dimensions Tolerance 0 to 5 ft (0 to 1.52 m) ±3/16 in. (±5 mm) 5 to 10 ft (1.52 to 3.05 m) ±1/4 in. (±6 mm) 9.2 Squareness Tolerance--The precast concrete component shall be square as determined by diagonal measurements. The difference between such measurements shall not exceed dimensions of 0 to 10 ft (0 to 3.05 m) and a tolerance of ±1/4 in. (±6 mm). 9.3 Joint Surfaces--The inside joint seam gap between the cover and base sections of burial vaults placed together without a joint sealant shall not exceed 1/8 in. (3 mm) nor shall they be Deleted: 9.5 lesser than 1/32 in. (3/4 mm). 13

14 9.4 Wall Thickness--The wall thickness shall not be less than that specified in the design by more than 5 %. A thickness greater than that required in the design shall not be a cause for rejection, unless it impinges on other size requirements. 10. Inspection Deleted: shown Deleted: by design Deleted: but shall it be rejected if it is part of the purchase agreement because of placement restrictions 10.1 The quality of materials, process of manufacture, and the finished structure shall be subject to inspection at anytime by the purchaser or his/her representative Sampling--Cylinder testing shall be required quarterly or every 150 cu. Yards, whichever is more frequent, to approve batching in accordance with ASTM C39/C 39M. Three specimens shall be required and shall be tested at 7, 14 or 28 days dependent on the producer s delivery schedule and usage of high early-strength admixtures. Producer testing is permissible Deleted: Independent c Deleted: Four Deleted: Two are to be tested at seven days and the remaining two are to be tested at twenty-eight days. if related equipment maintains an annual calibration schedule. Those not possessing such equipment shall utilize a certified laboratory Slump--A slump and slump flow test shall be performed daily in accordance with Test Method C 143 or C Structural proof of design shall be required for all product by means of calculation or proof testing while observing unpublished practice for Precast Concrete Burial Vaults Producers shall be subject to unannounced inspections once annually by a licensed industry inspector or corporate respresentative to test all aspects of the product including batching components. Said inspector shall have the authority to require proof testing of one unit Deleted: unless the batch uses a SCC mixture Deleted: nonstandard Deleted: Documentation of such shall be maintained at the plant indefinitely. Deleted: U Deleted: may be performed Deleted: Proof testing of one unit may be required. if deemed necessary. 5 ASTM Work Item WK828, in progress. 14

15 10.6 Prior to shipment, products shall be inspected to ensure design conformance and proper identification. A sampling procedure for inspection shall be in place for product to be shipped in bulk. 11. Rejection 11.1 Precast concrete vaults or sections of vaults shall be subject to rejection because of failure to conform to any of the requirements contained in this specification. 12. Product Marking 12.1 The date of manufacture shall be marked on each component section. Deleted: permanently 12.2 A unique number shall be assigned to all forms so that it leaves an indication to such on the finished product. 13. Keywords 13.1 burial vault; cemetery; graveliner; receptacle 15