Nevoga GmbH M 0021 / 2016 Znaimerstrasse 4 Page 1 / Freilassing

Transcription

1 Inspection Report Client Order no: Nevoga GmbH M 0021 / 2016 Znaimerstrasse 4 Page 1 / Freilassing Order date: January 14, 2016 Inspected goods: Single spacers made from reinforced concrete Order: Determine the level of resistance to water penetration on concrete samples with built-in spacers, in accordance with DIN 1048, part 5 Freeze-thaw test in accordance with DIN CEN/TS by means of the CF test procedure Test in accordance with temperature cycling Determine concrete compressive strength in reinforced concrete according to DIN EN Test carried out from: February 3, April 8, 2016 Test carried out by: Kiwa GmbH, NL Munich Test period: February - April, 2016 Garching, April 12, 2016 ma/mz pp Andreas Matzner, qualified engineer Team leader for concrete construction and civil engineering The inspection report consists of 26 pages. The test results refer to the sample material presented. The sample material is used up. The inspection report may only be distributed or reproduced in part with our written permission. Opinions and interpretations regarding the test points are indicated by italic font, in accordance with DIN EN ISO / IEC point

2 Table of Contents 1 General 3 2 Test Procedure Testing Resistance to Water Penetration Freeze-Thaw Test in Accordance with CDF Procedure Test with Thermal Cycling 5 3 Test Results Testing Resistance to Water Penetration Freeze-Thaw Test in Accordance with CF Procedure Liquid Absorption By Means of Capillary Suction, Concrete C 25/ Liquid Absorption By Means of Capillary Suction, Concrete C 35/ Total Volume of Material Weathered by Freeze-Thaw Cycling C25/ Total Volume of Material Weathered by Freeze-Thaw Cycling C35/ Thermal Cycling Concrete Compressive Strength of Sample Blocks Made From Reinforced Concrete 10 Appendix Photos

3 1. General Nevoga GmbH, represented by Mr. Bruckner, has assigned Kiwa GmbH the task of determining the resistance to water penetration, performing the "freeze-thaw test in accordance with the CF procedure" and testing in accordance with thermal cycling on concrete samples with built-in spacers. Concrete compressive strength is to be determined on additional reinforced concrete sample blocks supplied. To this end, we were sent spacers in January All tests were performed by our personnel, using the equipment in our laboratory in Garching.

4 2. Test Procedure The concrete specimens (samples with an edge length of 20 or 15 cm) were manufactured on February 3, 2016 according to the following concrete recipe: Concrete of compression strength class C 25/30 (0/16 mm, F3) Cement CEM II/A-LL 42.5 Variety number: Concrete of compression strength class C 35/45 (0/16 mm, F3) Cement CEM II/A-LL 42.5 Variety number: Each sample block contains 1 spacer, encased in concrete. The samples were stored in the molds for 24 hours at approximately 20 C (covered with foil). Once the samples had been removed from the molds, an area in the shape of a circle approximately 10 cm in diameter was roughened on the side exposed to water pressure. Then they were stored in water at approximately 20 C until the test. The specimens were stored for the freeze-thaw test in accordance with the CF procedure and thermal cycling test in line with standards.

5 2.1 Testing Resistance to Water Penetration The test was performed in line with DIN , whereby the test specimens (the side with the spacer) were subjected to a water pressure of 5 bar for 72 hours. Then, the test specimens were split lengthwise and the water penetration depth was measured on the cross-section of the split specimens. 2.2 Freeze-Thaw Test in Accordance with CF Procedure The freeze-thaw resistance was determined using a de-icing agent solution in line with DIN CEN/TS , in accordance with the CF procedure (alternative procedure) on the surface of the concrete blocks with spacers. This testing procedure determines the amount of weathering on surfaces by means of a number of defined freeze-thaw cycles in the presence of a de-icing agent solution. A water-based solution was used as a de-icing agent solution. Three days before the samples were pre-soaked in the test solution, they were sealed on the side with butyl-rubber-coated aluminum foil. Then, the test specimens were stored in the test solution for seven days for capillary fluid absorption. Before the freeze-thaw cycle, loose particles on the test surface of the specimen were removed by means of treatment in an ultrasonic bath. After this, the test specimens were exposed to 56 freeze-thaw cycles, each lasting 12 hours. The duration of the freeze-thaw cycle corresponded to the specifications of DIN CEN/TS , fig. 10 (temperatures between ±20 C). For surface weathering to be determined, loose particles were removed from the test surfaces in an ultrasonic bath after 6, 10, 28 and 56 freeze-thaw cycles. The weathered material was collected and filtered out. Once this material had been dried at 105 C to constant mass, the extent of weathering was determined and related to the relevant test surface. 2.3 Test with Temperature Cycling The sample block surfaces with spacers encased in concrete were each subjected to ten thermal cycles, with temperatures between +60 C and -10 C. To achieve this, the surfaces of the blocks concerned were heated by means of radiant heat for approximately 8 hours, to a temperature of +60 C. Then, the sample blocks were stored in a freezer, at a temperature of -10 C for approximately 16 hours. After ten temperature cycles, the concrete surfaces were inspected and photographed for documentation purposes. Test period: 7-21 March, 2016.

6 3 Test Results 3.1 Testing Resistance to Water Penetration After the specimens had been split, it could be ascertained that they (spacers) showed an average water penetration depth of approximately 1.2 cm in the case of concrete quality C 25/30, and 0.3 cm in the case of concrete quality C 35/45. No specimens exceeded the maximum permissible water penetration depth of 5 cm. 3.2 Freeze-Thaw Test in Accordance with CF Procedure Liquid Absorption By Means of Capillary Suction, Concrete C 25/30 Specimen no. Volume of solution absorbed in M % after MW = average, SA = standard deviation Liquid absorption by means of capillary suction

7 3.2.2 Liquid Absorption by Means of Capillary Suction, Concrete C 35/45 Specimen no. Volume of solution absorbed in M % after Liquid absorption by means of capillary suction

8 3.2.3 Total Volume of Material Weathered by Freeze-Thaw Cycling C25/30 Start of freeze-thaw cycles: 11 March, 2016 End of freeze-thaw cycles: 8 April, 2016 Specimen no. Test surface A Total volume of dried weathered material relating to the test surface in kg/m 2 after MW = average, SA = standard deviation

9 Weathering due to freeze-thaw cycling Acceptance criteria: maximum weathering 1.5kg/m 2 Number of freeze cycles Total Volume of Material Weathered by Freeze-Thaw Cycling C35/45 Start of freeze-thaw cycles: 11 March, 2016 End of freeze-thaw cycles: 8 April, 2016 Specimen no. Test surface A Total volume of dried weathered material relating to the test surface in kg/m 2 after MW = average, SA = standard deviation

10 Weathering due to freeze-thaw cycling Acceptance criteria: maximum weathering 1.5kg/m Thermal Cycling Number of freeze cycles After ten thermal cycles, no cracks or spalling could be detected on the concrete surface in the immediate vicinity of the spacers encased in concrete (see photos). 3.4 Concrete Compressive Strength of Sample Blocks Made From Reinforced Concrete 1) Corresponds to the actual test specimen compressive strength, with a factor of 0.92 Garching, April 8, 2016

11 Image 1: Image 2: Spacer used Spacer used

12 Image 3: Image 4: Sample 1 Concrete C 25/30 after water penetration Sample 1 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

13 Image 5: Image 6: Sample 2 Concrete 25/30 after water penetration Sample 2 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

14 Image 7: Image 8: Sample 3 Concrete C 25/30 after water penetration Sample 3 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

15 Image 9: Image 10: Sample 7 Concrete C 35/45 after water penetration Sample 7 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

16 Image 11: Image 12: Sample 8 Concrete C 35/45 after water penetration Sample 8 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

17 Image 13: Image 14: Sample 9 Concrete C 35/45 after water penetration Sample 9 after splitting to measure water penetration depth

18 Image 15: Image 16: Sample 10 Concrete C 25/30 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 10 after freeze-thaw cycling

19 Image 17: Image 18: Sample 11 Concrete C 25/30 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 11 after freeze-thaw cycling

20 Image 19: Image 20: Sample 12 Concrete C 25/30 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 12 after freeze-thaw cycling

21 Image 21: Image 22: Sample 4 Concrete C 35/45 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 4 after freeze-thaw cycling

22 Image 23: Image 24: Sample 5 Concrete C 35/45 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 5 after freeze-thaw cycling

23 Image 25: Image 26: Sample 6 Concrete C 35/45 before freeze-thaw cycling Sample 6 after freeze-thaw cycling

24 Image 27: Image 28: Sample 13 Concrete C 25/30 after 10 thermal cycles, no damage discernible Sample 14 Concrete C 25/30 after 10 thermal cycles, no damage discernible

25 Image 29: Sample 15 Concrete C 25/30 after 10 thermal cycles, no damage discernible