Fruit Rot Management in 2016: A year with Bravo
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1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities 2016 Fruit Rot Management in 2016: A year with Bravo Erika Saalau Rojas UMass Amherst, Cranberry Station, esaalau@umass.edu Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Saalau Rojas, Erika, "Fruit Rot Management in 2016: A year with Bravo" (2016). Cranberry Station Extension meetings Retrieved from This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.
2 Fruit Rot Management in 2016: A year with Bravo Erika Saalau Rojas UMass Cranberry Station-Winter Meeting January 18, 2017
3 Topics Efficacy field trials New and old fungicides Timing of applications Fruit quality- stay tuned Summary
4 Fungicides available Group FRAC Risk Resistance Indar Proline Spectrum of Activity Efficacy DMI 3 M Gaps HIGH QoI 11 H Gaps HIGH Abound Polyoxins Oso, Ph-D 19 M Unknown LOW? chloronitriles M5 L Broad HIGH Bravo Dithane, Manzate dithiocarbamates M3 L Broad HIGH
5 Fungicides available Group FRAC Risk Resistance Spectrum of Activity Efficacy SDHI 7 M to H?? Biofungicides Var Unknown?? DMI 3 M Gaps HIGH QoI 11 H Gaps HIGH Polyoxins 19 M Unknown LOW chloronitriles M5 L Broad HIGH dithiocarbamates M3 L Broad HIGH
6 Efficacy trials Stevens plots Treatments included 3 applications (7-14 days) Screening of new products Polyoxin-D (Oso and PhD) SDHI (Kenja, Fluopyram fungicide) Biofungicide (Regalia)
7 Efficacy trials % Bloom
8 Efficacy trials fungicide applica8ons % Bloom
9 Anthracnose (bitter rot pathogen) Botrytis (miscellaneous rots-storage) 8
10 Efficacy Stevens 1 TRT 1 st Application 2 nd Application 3 rd Application 1 Kenja (full rate) Kenja (full rate) Kenja (full rate) 2 Kenja+ Regalia Kenja+ Regalia Kenja+ Regalia 3 SDHI (full rate) SDHI (full rate) SDHI (full rate) 4 Oso (full rate) Oso (full rate) Oso (full rate) 5 Ph-D (full rate) Ph-D (full rate) Ph-D (full rate) 6 Regalia (full rate) Regalia (full rate) Regalia (full rate) 7 Bravo Bravo Bravo
11 Efficacy Stevens 1 TRT 1 st Application 2 nd Application 3 rd Application 1 Kenja (full rate) Kenja (full rate) Kenja (full rate) 2 Kenja+ Regalia Kenja+ Regalia Kenja+ Regalia 3 SDHI (full rate) SDHI (full rate) SDHI (full rate) 4 Oso (full rate) Oso (full rate) Oso (full rate) 5 Ph-D (full rate) Ph-D (full rate) Ph-D (full rate) 6 Regalia (full rate) Regalia (full rate) Regalia (full rate) 7 Bravo Bravo Bravo
12 Results Stevens 1 TRT 3 Applications % Field Rot 1 Kenja (full rate) 30.8% a 2 Kenja+ Regalia 39.0% a 3 SDHI (full rate) 18.8% ab 4 Oso (full rate) 26.0% ab 5 Ph-D (full rate) 24.7% ab 6 Regalia (full rate) 37.6% a 7 Bravo 6.8% b
13 Results Stevens 1 TRT 3 Applications % Field Rot 1 Kenja (full rate) 30.8% a 2 Kenja+ Regalia 39.0% a 3 SDHI (full rate) 18.8% ab 4 Oso (full rate) 26.0% ab 5 Ph-D (full rate) 24.7% ab 6 Regalia (full rate) 37.6% a 7 Bravo 6.8% b
14 Efficacy Stevens 2 TRT 1 st App. 2 nd App. 3 rd App. 1 Kenja (full rate) Kenja (full rate) Bravo 2 Oso (full rate) Oso (full rate) Bravo 3 Oso+Regalia (full rate) Oso+Regalia (full rate) Bravo 4 Oso (half rate) Oso (half rate) Bravo 5 Ph-D (full rate) Ph-D (full rate) Bravo 6 Proline Proline Bravo 7 Proline Proline Manzate Last application: Broad spectrum, high efficacy
15 Efficacy Stevens 2 TRT 2 Applications % Field Rot 1 2XKenja (full rate)+1xbravo 18.1% a 2 2XOso (full rate)+1xbravo 22.2% a 3 2XOso+Regalia (full rate)+1xbravo 14.1% a 4 2XOso (half rate)+1xbravo 15.9% a 5 2XPh-D (full rate)+1xbravo 16.1% a 6 2XProline+1XBravo 17.0% a 7 2XProline+1XManzate 11.1% a No statistical differences
16 Should you try them next year? Not exclusively, use caution Need at least another growing season Site conditions? Fruit rot history Cultural practices
17 Field Rot Fungi in % 36% 23% 38% Viscid rot Phomopsis vaccinii Bitter rot Colletotrichum sp. Ripe rot Coleophoma empetri End rot Godronia cassandrae
18 Where are the pathogens hiding? Caruso, McManus, Oudemans 2003 wind Phyllosticta elongata Colletotrichum acutatum (Flowers) Fusicoccum putrefaciens (Current-year leaves) Phyllosticta vaccinii Phyllosticta elongata Physalospora vaccinii (Current-year pedicel) Fusicoccum putrefaciens Phomopsis vaccinii (Green fruit) Phyllosticta vaccinii (1- and 2-year leaves) Phyllosticta vaccinii Phyllosticta elongata Physalospora vaccinii Fusicoccum putrefaciens (Stems) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Sound, red fruit) Physalospora vaccinii Phyllosticta elongata Coleophoma empetri (1-year pedicel) Fusicoccum putrefaciens Phomopsis vaccinii (Rotten fruit) Physalospora vaccinii Coleophoma empetri Phyllosticta elongata Coleophoma empetri Colletotrichum acutatum water (Duff--leaves) Phyllosticta elongata Coleophoma empetri Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Duff--fruit) Coleophoma empetri
19 Where are the pathogens hiding? Caruso, McManus, Oudemans 2003 (Stems) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Rotten fruit) Physalospora vaccinii Coleophoma empetri Phyllosticta elongata Coleophoma empetri Colletotrichum acutatum water (Duff--leaves) Phyllosticta elongata Coleophoma empetri Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Duff--fruit) Coleophoma empetri
20 Timing of applications 2015 Delayed 1 st fungicide application 50% in bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
21 Timing of applications 2015 Trial repeated in 2016 Delayed 1 st fungicide application 50% in bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
22 Timing of applications % Bloom How long can I delay the first fungicide applica8on? 20 0
23 Results 2015 and 2016 Cri8cal period Out of bloom In bloom 1 st fungicide applica8on ~50% in bloom
24 Timing of applications 2016 Impact of delayed fungicide applications on fruit rot Early Black High disease pressure Up to 5 fungicide applications (Manzate and Bravo)
25 Timing of applications Out of bloom % Bloom
26 Timing of applications st fungicide aoer 30% in bloom Out of bloom % Bloom
27 Timing of applications st fungicide aoer 30% in bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
28 Timing of applications st fungicide aoer 30% in bloom, ~60% out of bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
29 Timing of applications st fungicide aoer 20% in bloom, ~80% out of bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
30 Timing of applications 2016 First fungicide ~30% in bloom, ~60% out of bloom First fungicide ~20% in bloom, 80% out of bloom TRT 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug Apps Untreated 0
31 Results
32 Results 2016 * * *
33 Results 2016 * * *
34 Results 2016 First fungicide ~30% in bloom, ~60% out of bloom First fungicide ~20% in bloom, 80% out of bloom % Field TRT Apps. Rot c c c c c applica8ons 32.4 b 8 0 Untreated 67.7 a 7-Jul 12-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 26-Jul 1-Aug 5-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug
35 Timing of applications % Bloom Out of bloom Late season applica8ons ineffec8ve against field rot once fruit start sizing
36 Late season applications against storage rot Infection only during bloom & fruit set?
37 Late season applications against storage rot TRT Field Rot Storage Rot # Apps Indar/Ab Mancozeb Oso (full rate) 11 1 X X X X X X X X X X X 9 2 X X X X X X X X X 7 3 X X X X X X X 5 4 X X X X X 4 5 X X X 3 6 Untreated 0 Stevens % Infected berries w/o symptoms (latent infections) at harvest % Field rot at harvest % Storage rot in November, January, March
38 Late season applications against storage rot TRT Field Rot Storage Rot Indar/Ab Mancozeb Oso (full rate) % Field rot % Storag e rot 1 % Storage rot 2 1 X X X X X X X X X X X 8.4 ab X X X X X X X X X 5.4 b X X X X X X X 5.6 b X X X X X 5.6 b X X X 6.4 b Untreated 17.7 a
39 Late season applications against storage rot TRT Field Rot Storage Rot Indar/Ab Mancozeb Oso (full rate) % Field rot % Storag e rot 1 % Storage rot 2 1 X X X X X X X X X X X 8.4 ab X X X X X X X X X 5.4 b X X X X X X X 5.6 b X X X X X 5.6 b X X X 6.4 b Untreated 17.7 a Late season apps had no impact on field rot Need more evaluations to determine impact on storage rot
40 Final thoughts What will fruit rot management look in the future? Fungicide outlook Canopy management Biology of fungi
41 Preserving fruit quality Improving bog side cleaning practices Collaborators: Rod Serres David Nolte Mariani Premium Dried Fruit
42 Berry firmness Healthy berries n= 100 berries/sample Ocean Spray and Center for Innovation Staff reviewing harvest and bog side cleaning practices.
43 Berry firmness Healthy berries n= 100 berries/sample Ocean Spray and Center for Innovation Staff reviewing harvest and bog side cleaning practices.
44 Acknowledgements 2015 Summer Crew Tom Giorgio Jessica Braley Jared Hass Michael Kwang Collaborators Fruit Firmness Matt Beaton Peter Beaton, Rob Rubini Gary Garretson, John Mason Glenn Reid, Louis Lemmertz MakePeace Rod Serres and David Nolte (OS) Cranberry Station team Funding and Resources
45
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