Group 4. Steel Frame ARC-452 DESIGN VI: INTEGRATION A4 BUILDING MATERIALS, ASSEMBLIES, ENVELOPE SYSTEMS BURGENER SIMON YANGCHUAN SUN

Transcription

1 Group 4 Steel Frame ARC-452 DESIGN VI: INTEGRATION A4 BUILDING MATERIALS, ASSEMBLIES, ENVELOPE SYSTEMS BURGENER SIMON YANGCHUAN SUN

2 Table of Content Overview Energy Cycle time Height advantages Insurance Seismic Fire resistance Sustainability of steel framed buildings Reference

3 Overview Structural steel framing, which includes structural stainless steel framing, describes the creation of a steel skeleton made up of vertical columns and horizontal beams. This skeleton provides the support for the roof, floors and walls of the structure. There are three main types of structural steel framing systems. They are the clear-span rigid frame structure, the modular structural frame and single slope frame style. Choosing which type of steel frame to use for a given project requires the consideration of a number of factors, including building width, height, location, roofing type, and building use.

4 Overview u In the United States, the first steel framed building was the Rand McNally Building in Chicago, erected in (The Home Insurance Building, completed in 1885, is referred to as the first to use skeleton frame construction, but it relies on the masonry cladding for its stability. In this case the iron columns are merely embedded in the walls, and their load carrying capacity appears to be secondary to the capacity of the masonry, particularly for wind loads).

5 Overview Common Structural Steel Shapes I-Beams, including Wide Flange and H sections Tees Z-Shapes Angles Channels Plates, Bars and Rods Hollow Steel Sections (HSS)

6 Overview--I-Beams

7 Overview--Tees

8 Overview--Channels

9 Energy FAST FACTS Modern steel has rapidly become one of the most energy efficient building materials to produce. Between the early 1990s and 2007, the U.S steel industry cut energy use per ton of steel by nearly 1/3. Cold-formed steel (CFS) buildings can be some of the highest performing buildings. CFS buildings have been built to Energy Star status, and can meet LEED requirements and other green building programs and standards.

10 Cycle time FAST FACTS Buildings framed with cold-formed steel (CFS) can go up much faster than traditional heavy materials like concrete and masonry. Up to 3 months or more can be shaved off the schedule of a mid-rise project. CFS allows you to move paying customers in the door fast which can significantly change your financial model by shaving financing and other soft costs related to cycle time and by accelerating your revenue stream compared to heavy construction.

11 Height advantages FAST FACTS Steel is isotropic: meaning it has the same dimensional properties in all directions. Since there is no grain, the strength of steel is the same up and down, side-to-side, and in all loading directions. Steel does not warp, shrink, or crack in normal loading and framing applications. Steel is ductile, and will bend and stretch when overloaded, rather than cracking or breaking like unreinforced concrete or masonry Steel is 100% non-combustible. Therefore, height and area restrictions on combustible materials do not apply to cold-formed steel.

12 Insurance FAST FACTS Cold-formed steel (CFS) is non-combustible, which reduces the risk of property loss during construction and over the life of the structure. Reduced risk of property loss leads to lower insurance premiums for builders and owners.

13 Seismic FAST FACTS Durability and long-term consistent performance that s what you get with steel. Reduced structural capacity due to dry-rot, termites, or mold will not compromise a steel structure in an earthquake. Steel absorbs energy. Unlike concrete and masonry, steel bends without breaking. The same material that absorbs energy in a car crash also provides benefits in an earthquake. Steel is lighter. Heavier structures have greater inertia: when the ground starts to shake, they want to stand still; thus greater forces are imparted into heavier structures in earthquakes. Steel is lighter than its structural equivalent in wood, concrete, or masonry. Steel is consistent. Steel does not have a weak direction or weak grain, does not depend upon water/cement ratios or mix design for its strength, and is easy to inspect for seismic. Steel is connected. Using screws, pins, bolts and welds, steel framing has a positive, consistent load path. Steel does not have corrosive chemicals or moisture that can corrode or degrade connectors.

14 Seismic--Sendai Mediatheque

15 Seismic--Sendai Mediatheque

16 Seismic--Sendai Mediatheque Tube Typical Plan Structural Axonometric Bending Moment of tube by earthquake Deformation of tube by earthquake Bending Moment of plate by earthquake

17 Seismic--Sendai Mediatheque

18 Fire resistance FAST FACTS Steel is a non-combustible, fire resistant material and will not feed a fire. On average, wood structural members or framing rank third as the first-ignited material in home fires according to the National Fire Protection Association. Building with steel can reduce cost of construction insurance as well as homeowners insurance premiums.

19 Fire resistance Solutions for Steel Structure Fireproofing Concrete Encapsulation Fixed Water Spray Systems Intumescent Epoxy Coatings Spray-applied Fire Resistive Materials (SFRM) Subliming, Intumescent, and Ablative Mastics Lightweight Castable Cementitious Products Pre-formed Inorganic Panels or Masonry Endothermic Wraps

20 Sustainability FAST FACTS Since the early 1990s, the steel industry has reduced its energy use to produce a ton of steel by approximately 1/3. More than 95% of the water used in the steel making process is recycled and returned - often cleaner than when it was taken from the source.

21 Sustainability Every piece of steel used in construction contains recycled content. Further, all steel can be recovered and recycled again and again into new high quality products. Steel is durable, safe, and strong. It is not susceptible to rot, termites, or mold. Steel used for framing will last from hundreds to over a thousand years due to its zinc coating, a natural element. Steel structures require less material (both reduced weight and reduced volume) to carry the same loads as concrete or masonry or wood structures. Steel is dimensionally stable: it will not warp, split, or creep - making it durable and built to last. Don t waste time and dollars on costly call backs. Minimize cracking and pops in drywall and other finishes with CFS framing.

22 Reference structural-steel-framing/ structural-steel-framing BeamCrossSection.svg.png Channel.jpg