w Whittles Publishing

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1 Practical Design of Steel Structures Based on Eurocode 3 (with case studies): A multibay melting shop and finishing mill building Karuna Moy Ghosh CEng, FIStructE (London), MIECivil Engg. (India), Chartered Civil and Structural Engineer Formerly Chief Structural Engineer, Kaiser Engineers and Constructors Inc. w Whittles Publishing CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup

2 Contents Preface xi 1. General Principles and Practices Brief description of the structure Structural arrangement Overhead electric travelling cranes Gantry girders Fabrication of structural members Design philosophy and practice Functional aspects of the building Alternative structural arrangements and spacings of frames Structural system and type Buildability Choice of open or covered structure Selection of construction materials Choice of shop or site connection of steel structures in fabrication and erection Sequence and method of erection of steel structures Location, ground conditions and seismic information Environmental impact Design concept 13 References Structural Analysis and Design Structural analysis Methods and procedures for analysis and design Methods of analysis Procedures for the analysis Procedures for the design of structural members Design data Loads Properties and specification of materials Properties and strength of structural steel and fasteners Partial factors Ym of resistance in the ultimate-limit-state concept Ultimate limit state 33 v

3 vi Confenfs Serviceability limit state Load combinations Specifications for selecting the structural components Length of span Roof trusses Conventions for member axes Model design of beam and column using Eurocode 3 and BS 5950, and comparison of the results Model design of abeam Model design of a column 41 References Design of Gantry Girders (Members Subjected to Biaxial Bending) Design philosophy Detailed considerations Effective span of girder Gantry girder loading design 34 data Vertical dynamic impact factor Transverse horizontal surge Longitudinal tractive force Moment influence lines Shear influence lines Characteristic maximum dynamic vertical moment Characteristic maximum dynamic vertical shear at support Characteristic minimum vertical shear Characteristic vertical design moment due to self-weight of gantry girder Characteristic vertical dead load shear Total ultimate vertical design moment (ULS method) Total ultimate vertical design shear (ULS method) Maximum ultimate horizontal transverse moment Maximum ultimate horizontal longitudinal tractive force Design of section Design strength Initial sizing of section Classification of cross-sections Moment capacity Moment buckling resistance Shear buckling resistance End anchorage Web bearing capacity, buckling resistance and stiffener design Bearing capacity of web Intermediate transverse stiffeners Principles of the behaviour of intermediate stiffeners Design considerations Design of intermediate stiffeners Design of end bearings of gantry girder 75 References 75

4 Contents vii 4. Design of Welded and Bolted Connections General Joints in simple design Joints in continuous design Method of connection Welded connections Design of fillet welds Design of bolted connections Design assumptions General requirements Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration and/or load reversal Connections made with bolts Preloaded bolts (HSFG) Categories of bolted connections Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets Properties of slip-resistant connections using class 8.8 or 10.9 HSFG bolts and splice plates Design resistance of individual fasteners (HSFG bolts in preloaded condition) Design of bolts and splice plates in flanges and web of gantry girder Design of bolts and splice plates in joint in column of stanchion A Design of bolt connection in the flange Design of bolt connection in the web Design of splice plates in flanges Design of splice plates for web 96 References Design of Purlins, Side Rails, Roof Trusses, Roof Girders, Intermediate Columns and Horizontal Roof Bracings Purlins in melting bay (members subjected to bending) Method of design Design data Loadings Moments Design of section Side sheeting rails (members subjected to biaxial bending) Method of design Design considerations Design data Loadings Characteristic moments Ultimate design moments Ultimate shear at support Design of section Design of roof trusses (members subjected to compression and tension) Design considerations Design data 110

5 viii Contents Loadings, based on Eurocode 1, Part Forces in members Load combinations for ultimate design force in the members by ULS method Design of section of members, based on Eurocode 3, Part Roof girders in melting bay (members subjected to compression and tension) Design considerations Functions Design data Loadings, based on Eurocode 1, Part Forces in members due to unfactored dead loads Forces due to unfactored imposed loads Ultimate forces in members due to (DL + LL) without wind Design of section of members, based on Eurocode 3, Part Design of intennediate columns (members subjected to bending and thrust) Design considerations Functions Loadings Moments Design of section, based on Eurocode 3, Part Design of horizontal wind bracing system for roof (members subjected to compression and tension) Design considerations Functions Loadings (wind loads) Forces in members of braced girder Design of section of members 137 References Case Study I: Analysis and Design of Structure of Melting Shop and Finishing Mill Building Design considerations Loadings Wind loads, based on Eurocode 1, Part 1-4 (Eurocode, 2005a) Moment due to wind Design of stanchions in melting bay along line A Loadings on crane column Loadings on roof column Moments in stanchion A Design of sections of stanchions, based on Eurocode 3, Part 1-1 (Eurocode, 2005b) (see Fig. 6.4) Design of holding-down (anchor) bolts Design ofthickness and size of base plate (see Fig. 6.4) Design of stanchions along line B Design considerations Loadings 158

6 Contents ix Moments, unfactored Thrust or tension due to unfactored moment from wind and crane surge Ultimate design compression in crane and lower roof legs when DL + LL + WL and crane surge are acting simultaneously Design of section of columns in stanchion 161 References Case study II: Design of Gable End Framing System Along Row 10, Based on Eurocode Design considerations (see Figs 1.1 and 7.1) Functions Design of gable columns Design data Loadings Moments Design of section, based on Eurocode 3, Part 1-1 (Eurocode, 2005) Design of horizontal wind girder at m level Design considerations (see Fig. 7.1) Loadings Forces in lattice members of girder Design of sections Design of horizontal wind girder at 33.0 m level Design considerations Loadings Calculation of forces in members of lattice girder Design of section of members 178 References Case Study III: Design of Vertical Bracing Systems for Wind Forces and Crane Tractive Forces Along Stanchion Lines A and B, Based on Eurocode Vertical bracing systems along stanchion line A Design considerations (see Fig. 1.5) Functions Design of bracing system between crane column rows 9 and 10 along stanchion line A to resist the longitudinal tractive force due to crane loads and wind loads from the gable end (see Fig. 8.1) Loadings Forces in the members of the bracing system along crane column Design of section of members, based on Eurocode 3, Part 1-1 (Eurocode, 2002) Design of vertical bracing system between roof column rows 9 and 10 along stanchion line A to resist wind loads from gable end (see Fig. 8.1(a)) Design considerations Loadings Forces in members Design of section of members 185

7 x I Contents 8.4 Design of vertical bracing system for wind forces and crane tractive forces in column along stanchion line B Design considerations Wind loadings (see Fig. 7.1) Analysis of frame Design of section ofmembers 190 References 194 Appendix A: Design of Bearings of Gantry Girder 195 Appendix B: Annex Aof Eurocode 3, Part 1-1, BS EN : Further Reading 207 Index 209

Contents. Tables. Notation xii Latin upper case letters Latin lower case letters Greek upper case letters Greek lower case letters. Foreword.

Contents. Tables. Notation xii Latin upper case letters Latin lower case letters Greek upper case letters Greek lower case letters. Foreword. Tables x Notation xii Latin upper case letters Latin lower case letters Greek upper case letters Greek lower case letters xii xiv xvi xvi Foreword xviii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aims of the Manual 1 1.2 Eurocode