Palas. Catalogue of Questions and Answers.

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Kristina Russell
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This document is intended for internal use only. Status as of 13th September 2012 1 Thermo roof covers 1.

In order to achieve a significant measurement of pressure the measurement tube must be inserted 2-3 metres into the roof cover.

Possible overpressure (e.g. due to solar radiation) is released through the pressure relief valve. 1.

The pressure relief valve has a small ball which controls the pressure in the roof cover via its own weight.

1 This document is intended for internal use only. Status as of 13th September Thermo roof covers 1.1 How is the air pressure regulated in the thermo roof covers? In order to achieve a significant measurement of pressure the measurement tube must be inserted 2-3 metres into the roof cover. The compressed air unit (which needs a permanent power connection) begins to operate as soon as the pressure falls below the critical value. Possible overpressure (e.g. due to solar radiation) is released through the pressure relief valve. 1.2 How does the pressure relief valve work and how many valves must be mounted? The pressure relief valve has a small ball which controls the pressure in the roof cover via its own weight. The black tube section must be fixed into the eave corner (vertical positioning is imperative!). A pressure relief valve should be installed in every corner of the roof in order to achieve an even distribution of pressure (four relief valves in total). 1.3 Can several openings for air intake be installed in each roof cover? Preferably four per roof (on the eave side one valve in each corner).

1.4 Thermo roof covers opaque or translucent? Opaque roof covers are standard (higher quality, longer life). Translucent roof covers can be made on special request.

3 Is it possible to use hard-pvc panels as covers for a horizontal wall? No, that is not possible, as the weight of the glass (approx. 100 kg) is too much for the hard-pvc panel.

2 1.4 Thermo roof covers opaque or translucent? Opaque roof covers are standard (higher quality, longer life). Translucent roof covers can be made on special request. However, even brand new products have a yellowish tinge. logistical effort and provision of materials. Request further practical experience and evaluation of customer enquiries. 2.3 Is it possible to use hard-pvc panels as covers for a horizontal wall? No, that is not possible, as the weight of the glass (approx. 100 kg) is too much for the hard-pvc panel. order to achieve a more filigree appearance? Not possible at the moment. Mirrored or laminated panes could be used instead. This question will undergo further examination. 3 Frame construction 1.5 Is there strain on air cushions in thermo roof covers? According to the manufacturer a pressure of up to 20 kg/m² is acceptable (current value 5 kg/m² = 50 Pa). 2 Wall elements 2.1 Are horizontal solid construction elements available? An aluminium-sandwich-cassette with a foam core (sandwich) is forecast for Very expensive. Horizontal glass elements in VSG (laminated safety glass) can be had (without insulation effect). The installation of light-proof glass or laminated glass is feasible. 2.2 What possibilities are there for shade and darkening? A range of products including blinds, glass panes controlled by electrical impulse and so on are being considered at the moment. Problem: 3.1 What about the beam splices? m (for 15 and 25 m span width) as well as m (for 20 and 30 m span width). 3.2 Are there groove recesses in the beams? Groove recesses in the beams will be fitted at a later stage. 3.3 Wall beams: Is the central steel girder necessary? Yes, it is necessary for structural reasons and to serve as a support for the vertical system cassette element (hard-pvc or glass) and for stabilising the new, strong wall holding profiles as well as for fixing the floor in the upper storey. 3.4 Are other wall beams possible for horizontal wall elements? No. The wall beams must all be identical. For the installation of the vertical wall the supports are turned inward. 3.5 Can vertical steel struts in the wall beams be removed or transferred to the outer side in 3.6 Which of the various wall holding profiles are employed? Why are different wall holding profiles required? The different wall holding profiles stem from the two different wall systems horizontal (2.5 m grid) and vertical (1.25 m grid). With the horizontal wall the wall holding profile always stands in the middle of the door recess, the door can only be mounted to the left or right of the pole. With the vertical wall it is additionally possible to position the door in the middle of the recess. This means that in this case the wall holding profile must be split in order to make a grid of 2.5 m (both on the ground floor and the second storey). Apart from this the horizontal wall elements are always placed exactly on top of each other. This is not possible with the vertical wall (a heavy window element on a hard- PVC panel or hard-pvc panel on hard-pvc panel = only 4 mm support surface). 2

See appendix: Classification of horizontal and vertical glazing. 3.8 Which corner strut is to be used with a 30 m tent? For a 30 m span width the larger and longer corner strut is needed.

3 Additional support surfaces must be created here for mounting the upper wall. This, too, would mean splitting the wall holding profile which is not feasible with the horizontal wall for structural reasons (surface load 2.5 m instead of 1.25 m). See appendix: Classification of horizontal and vertical glazing. 3.8 Which corner strut is to be used with a 30 m tent? For a 30 m span width the larger and longer corner strut is needed. (The connection with the pole is at a lower position). If a second storey is installed in the 30 m span construction the smaller corner strut is used. 3.7 What kinds of struts are necessary? Cable bracing is used on the eave side in each of the first field of the unit. If required for structural reasons it can also be mounted in the second field. With intermediate ceilings additional bracings are mandatory because of the effects of increased force. The sole use of cable bracing would make the hall too soft. For this reason solid strutting is necessary in the upper storey (diagonal struts or cross bracing). Wall bracing in the gable is not required as the beams are connected differently. The size of the gallery depends on whether corner struts are essential for the assembly of a gallery (gallery/frame pole). 3.9 Smaller corner strut in the case of the 15 m span width? A span of 15 m with a built-in gallery requires no corner struts at all Are intermediate purlins necessary in all fields? Yes, basically. Only in those sections which are not bracing fields may the small intermediate purlin be left out Is it possible to have a set back gable or balcony? No, the method of connecting the units does not allow for the addition of a balcony. A set back gable is also not envisaged for structural and constructional reasons Is a freestanding gallery possible? Basically yes. However, special parts are needed (additional portals and corner struts) Are there any strips for condensation water? As yet not planned. Not really necessary with the thermo roof cover. Collect practical experience before making final decision Are different wall heights available? Palas is a self-contained product and shall retain its uniqueness as long as possible. For this reason Palas is only offered with a wall height of 8 m Wind load Because of the roof parapet the wind load is equivalent to that of a 12 m high tent. For this reason nearly all frame poles are strengthened with slide-in profiles (total weight approx. 240 kg). 4 Assembly/Erection 4.1 What is to be considered when assembling and erecting Palas? The basic construction is the same as a normal structure. Baseplates are first laid out. Poles and trusses are then assembled. A mobile crane sets up the frame. Vertical elements are installed as with the Emporium. For the horizontal construction the wall holding profiles are mounted after every sixth panel. The horizontal construction is more difficult as the elements are very stiff. 3

The weight of a vertical panel amounts to approx. 75 kg, a horizontal panel weighs about 65 kg. In addition to hydraulic lifts a mobile crane is needed for erecting the construction. 4.

The covers must be laid directly on the roof (suitable lifting devices are needed). An alternative to the present mode of construction is presently being worked out. 4.

6 How watertight are the side walls? The combination of horizontal and vertical wall elements results in a slight displacement.

4 The weight of a vertical panel amounts to approx. 75 kg, a horizontal panel weighs about 65 kg. In addition to hydraulic lifts a mobile crane is needed for erecting the construction. 4.2 How is the roof parapet constructed? A framework is made by joining steel shafts flanged at the beam end with purlins of P6 profiles. Only the supports can be put together on the ground. The covers must be laid directly on the roof (suitable lifting devices are needed). An alternative to the present mode of construction is presently being worked out. 4.5 Can a one-piece gable cover be used? No. The gable cover is separated in the middle (plug fastening). Notches provided at the fasteners for roof parapet poles (penetration). 4.6 How watertight are the side walls? The combination of horizontal and vertical wall elements results in a slight displacement. This may lead to water running down the inside of the glass elements during a gale or thunderstorm. Horizontal walls are more watertight and should therefore always be used on the weatherside. 4.7 What should be taken into account when connecting up to a power supply? Please pay attention that power cables must be laid before the side elements are mounted! Electric cables cannot be added later. 5.2 How compatible is Palas with maxiflex P1? Palas is not compatible, with the exception of a few purlins which can be used. Because the weight load for a welded aluminium ridge head using aluminium gusset plates would be too heavy, steel gusset plates must be used. That is why the ridge purlin is 2 cm shorter than in P How much time must be calculated for assembly and erection? At least 50 % more than for P1 15 x 15 m. 4.4 Is an erection without ground anchors feasible? Mostly very difficult. An examination of individual frame and gable parts would be required depending on various modes of erection. Strictly no erection with the use of ballast only as the weight would be much too heavy. 5 Product 5.1 Are the prices calculated per square metre? The square metre prices for the 15 m and 20 m span width exist already. The price for the 25 m span width is subject to calculation. There are no prices yet for rental. A comparison of prices with rival products is difficult as it is not possible to determine prices for each separate element (e.g. horizontal glass panelling is three times as expensive as vertical). Gallery: Many of the existing parts can be implemented. Exceptions are: gallery poles 400, shorter gallery beams in the first field (90 rotated wooden beam alignment). Stairway extension (from 340 to 400) with additional standard middle landing. 4

5.3 According to the data sheet of the marketing department the span width is 25.5 m. Shouldn t this really be 30 m? The data sheet has been brought up to date and the span width of 30 m added. 5.

5 5.3 According to the data sheet of the marketing department the span width is 25.5 m. Shouldn t this really be 30 m? The data sheet has been brought up to date and the span width of 30 m added. 5.4 Palas roof on Emporium possible? No. Palas has a self-contained framework and is not a modular construction kit. 5.5 Can the horizontal glass wall be combined with 6.80 m height? No, because the wall holding profiles are too weak for the glass elements. 5.6 Which advantages and disadvantages does Palas have compared with rival products? Very good appearance. Quality parts. Solid impression. The only supplier offering a combination of vertical and horizontal elements. 5.7 How long is Palas going to be standing on the exhibition ground? Until September 2012, subject to rental by client. 5.8 What is the minimum construction height? 15/800 x 15 m 5.9 How high is the suspension load? 1000 kg/truss (also calculated for 30 m span width). 6 Accessories 6.1 Why isn t the ground skirting attached on the gable side? It is only possible to insert the skirting on the long side. There is no groove on the gable side (this would have to be added separately). 6.2 Can the stairway be assembled in the opposite direction? Yes, the ratio between height and corner strut is the same as for the 6.80 m construction. Stairways on stock (Emporium) can be adapted with the addition of a middle landing. 6.3 Can large format banners be attached? When the problem with the mounting of the roof parapet has been solved we can consider possibilities for attaching large format banners. As rival companies have not yet found a solution for this it would be a considerable advantage for Losberger. 6.4 Is a complete covering of the hall feasible? A complete textile hall covering is being considered (Example: Mercedes Event in Stuttgart ). 5

6 Appendix 6

7 Vertical glazing system: 7

8 Horizontal glazing system: 8

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