Minnesota State University Mankato. Concrete Activities Annual Concrete Paving Workshop Concrete Paving Association of Minnesota 10 March 2017
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1 Minnesota State University Mankato Concrete Activities 2017 Annual Concrete Paving Workshop Concrete Paving Association of Minnesota 10 March 2017 Dr. W. James Wilde, P.E. Professor, Minnesota State University Director, Center for Transportation Research and Implementation Mankato, Minnesota
2 Overview Concrete Canoe PCI Big Beam Competition Recycled Concrete Aggregate Research
3 Concrete Canoe
4 Concrete Canoe Competing since 2004 Two years after the program inception Competed at Nationals once Hosted the Regional Competition once (Next time is April 2018!)
5 Concrete Canoe 600 psi compressive strength 130 psi flexural strength feet long ½ inch thick 55 pcf density
6 Concrete Canoe We ve had some nice looking canoes
7 Concrete Canoe We ve had some nice looking canoes
8 Concrete Canoe and some ugly canoes
9 Concrete Canoe and some broken canoes
10 Concrete Canoe and some heavy canoes: 450+ lbs!
11 Concrete Canoe Made some innovations: prestress!
12 Wireless Strain Gauge System for Analysis
13 Concrete Canoe Made some innovations: SCC Mix!
14 Concrete Canoe We ve made the paper.
15 Concrete Canoe We ve made the paper twice!
16 Concrete Canoe Students learn about Concrete mix design Problem solving Fundraising Motivating freshmen Professional presentations Working with a strict schedule Working with people!
17 Prestressed Concrete Institute and Big Beam
18 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant PCI awarded MSU a 4-year grant for civil engineering and construction management Funds scholarships, courses, field trips, convention travel, etc. Partnered with Wells Concrete Products
19 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant Many trips to the US Bank Stadium site
20 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant Many Wells Concrete plant tours
21 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant Graduates highlighted hli ht in PCI s Ascent trade journal
22 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant Big Beam Competition Design and build a 20-ft beam Must work with a precast partner The beam must break within a specific load range
23 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant Big Beam Competition
24 Prestressed Concrete Institute Studio Grant
25 Recycled Concrete Aggregate Research
26 Recycled Concrete Aggregate Research Review of literature and test sections Historical data and performance review Properties of concrete made with RCA Economic Analysis Recommendations
27 Review of Literature and Test Sections Snyder (1994 and 2006) reviewed RCA test sections constructed in 1980s in many states Most performed well. Problems in poorly performing pavements were attributed to High amounts of mortar (new and recycled) Low slab thickness Long joint spacing Many other reviews and test sections, but no formal comparison of performance or service life
28 Review of Literature and Test Sections Minnesota Test Sections ( )
29 Performance Review Equivalent sample size: about 212 miles each of RCA and non-rca pavement Pavement constructed about the same time frame: 1980s and early 1990s Similar ADT levels Included all 212 miles of RCA pavements, and a random selection of 212 miles of remaining non-rca pavements
30 Performance Review Average RQI over time, RCA and non-rca e RQI Averag Non-RCA RCA Years Since Construction
31 Performance Review Time to Reach RQI=2.5 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% Non-RCA RCA Probability 10% 5% 0% Years Since Construction
32 Performance Review Time to Reach RQI=2.5 RCA Non-RCA Miles of Pavement Number of observations Minimum, yrs 8 5 Mean by miles, yrs Standard deviation by miles, yrs 10 12
33 Performance Review Time to Recorded Maintenance RCA Non-RCA Time to 1 st Repair Treatment, yrs Time to 2 nd Repair Treatment, yrs 21 23
34 Concrete Properties Lab Testing Base Mix Design 410 pcy Cement 175 pcy Type C Fly Ash 216 pcy Water (0.37 w/cm) 1819 pcy Natural Coarse Aggregate 1309 pcy Natural Fine Aggregate HRWRA and AEA
35 Concrete Properties Mix Design Variations by Volume 0% Coarse, 0% Fine RCA (Base Mix) 50% Coarse, 0% Fine 100% Coarse, 0% Fine 50% Coarse, 50% Fine 50% Coarse, 50% Fine (presoaked RCA) 100% Coarse, 100% Fine 100% Coarse, 100% Fine (presoaked RCA) 50% Coarse, 50% Fine (No Fly Ash) 100% Coarse, 100% Fine(NoFlyAsh) Fly
36 Concrete Properties Properties Workability (Box Test) Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Drying Shrinkage Thermal Coefficient Resistivity
37 Concrete Properties Shrinkage Shrin nkage Strain (με) % Recycled Fines 50% Recycled Fines 100% Recycled Fines Age (Days) 0C0FAD 1C0FAD 1C1FAD 5C5FAD 5C0FAD 5C5FND 1C1FND 1C1FAW 5C5FAW
38 Concrete Properties Flexural Strength % Recycled Fines 50% Recycled Fines 100% Recycled Fines 0C0FAD 1C1FAW 5C0FAD 1C0FAD 5C5FAD 5C5FND 5C5FAW 1C1FND 1C1FAD Flexural Strength, psi Mix Designation
39 Concrete Properties Thermal Coefficient % Recycled Fines 50% Recycled Fines 100% Recycled Fines Thermal Coefficient, με C0FAD 1C1FAW 5C0FAD 1C0FAD 5C5FAD 5C5FND 5C5FAW 1C1FND 1C1FAD Mix Designation
40 Economic Analysis / LCCA An extensive economic analysis was conducted d Different recycle replacement rates, w/cm, construction ti methods Found that utilizing RCA can be cost-effective with appropriate precautions. The net value can be positive, along with less tangible benefits of using sustainable materials.
41 Conclusions Recycled fines seemed to be detrimental to all measured properties. This confirms results of other studies. More cement can make up for lower strength, but costs more up front More recycled aggregate can decrease up front costs, and the net benefits can be positive
42 Conclusions Other considerations Stockpile management costs (multiple stockpiles for RCA and virgin aggregates) Accounting standards for additional, unused aggregates owned by producers or contractors Alternative beneficial uses (base layer, subgrade stabilization, shoulders, etc.). Perhaps this can be offset by replacing more expensive aggregates g in the concrete
43 Recommendations Recycled Concrete Aggregate may be used din concrete Should consider all costs and benefits, and alternate uses LAR specification on RCA for concrete (AASHTO MP 16 suggests 50% loss) Trial batches should be conducted
44 Minnesota State University Mankato Concrete Activities
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